MACHATE, NICOLE ANN J. ENGR. LAGRIMAS CEAT-29-702A TECHNICAL ELECTIVE 2 ROBOTICS INTRODUCTION OF ROBOTICS 1st Industrial Revolution –18th Century 1801 –Joseph Jacquerd invents a textile machine that is operated by punch cards 1892 –in the US Seward Babbit designed motorized crane with gripper to remove ingots from a furnace 2nd Industrial Revolution –19thCentury 1921 –First reference to the world robot appears a in a play opening in London Entitled “Rossums Universal Robots”. The play was written by Czechoslovakian Karel Capek introduces the world robot from the Czeck ROBOTA meaning serf or subservient labor. 1939 –Isaac Asimovs science fiction writing introduces robots designed for humanity and work safely. He formulates the “Three Laws of Robotics” 1946 –George David patents a general-purpose playback device for controlling machines. 1948 –Norbert Wiener, a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) publishes Cybernetics, a book that describes the concept of communications and control in electronic, mechanical, and biological systems. 1951 –A tele-operator equipped articulated arm is designed by Raymond Goertz for the Atomic Energy Commission. Devol’srobotic arm was designed for high-speed handling of parts up to 500 pounds and could perform a variety of tasks. Unimation, Inc—the first robotics company in the world — was formed when Devolmet Joseph Engelbergerin 1956. 3rd Industrial Revolution –70s in the 20thCentury 1959- First commercially available robot was sold by Planet Corporation, USA. 1964- Devol developed continuous path control for robots. Remington Rand released the UMAC control, the first commercially available general-purpose . controller 1968/70 Scheinman Built his first hydraulically powered arm at Stanford and the first electrically powered arm at MIT. 1971- "Structured Light" vision system was developed at Stanford and IBM. WAVE— the first robot programming language to automatically plan smooth trajectories and which could use rudimentary force and touch sensing to control a manipulator was developed at Stanford. 1974- First version of AL—a robot programming language for realtime control of concurrent multiple devices with sensory/motor control was developed at Stanford. Threelegged walking machine was built at the University of Wisconsin. Scheinmandevelope d First Vicarmrobot arm controlled by a minicomputer. Olivetti built a minicomputercontrolled robot 1976- Space hunting of robots started Viking 1 robot rover, built by NASA, landed on Mars. First Scheinman arm robot controlled by an LSI-11 microprocessor was built by Vicarm. Remote Center Compliance Device—a compliant robot wrist used to make noncompliant parts was developed at Draper Labs. Vision system and AL programming language were interfaced at Stanford. BARPY speech understanding system was completed at Carnegie Mellon by Reddy. 1980- First robot to pick randomly stacked connecting rods out of a bin was developed at the University of Rhode Island. Mobile robot which could move through a simple obstacle course was developed by Moravec at Stanford 1996- A Robotuna fish robot was developed by David Barrett at MIT. The University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, developed Gastrobot, a robot that digests organic mass to produce CO2used later for power. This engine is known as 'Chew Chew'. 2000- Honda builds a humanoid robot ASHIMO, walking like a human being and reacting. Sony unveils humanoid robots, Sony Dream Robots (SDR), at Robodex S. Mussa-Invaldi, a computational neurologist hooks up a lamprey brain to sensors to control a robot. 2001- LEGO releases the Mindstorms Unimate Builder's set after the first and second releases in 1999 and 2000, respectively. MD Robotics of Canada developed the space station Remote Manipulator (SSRMS) for assembly of International Space Station. Honda's ASHIMO robot walks smoothly and climbs the stairs. It rings the opening bell at NY Stock Exchange. 2003- Sony releases the AIBO ERS-7 third-generation robotic pet. Epson unveils the Monsieur II-P—a microrobot and Micro Flying Robot (10 g and measuring 70 mm), the smallest robot helicopter. 2004- The Robot rovers 'Spirit' lands on Mars and 'Opportunity' safely lands on Meridium Planum.
