E X E R C ( ,s
€ .·
11 ' .•
'I
fj
~
•
~
Nam e
REVIEW SHEET
Th e Spec ial Senses
~ \~ '!1)')_ __
Lab Time/Date _
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ __
· The Eye and Vision: Ana tom y
\J
lubricate the eyeball. Matc h th e
1
ibute to the forma tion of tears and/o r help
· Seve ral acce ssory eye structures contr
secretion by choosing answers from the key.
desc ribed accessory structures with their
~
tti
Key:
lacrimal glands
conju nctiv a
(Q Y\\\)f\{ \\,~ 1.
• TO-.f~ ~ bl IAY}ciS
ii
,·,..
tarsal glands
mucus
2. oil
\CY)vY) tt(, &1b Y\dS 3. saltsolution
:LC
•
l~
adipose tissue?
withi n the orbit. What is the function of the
2. The eyeb all is wrap ped in adipose tissue
&
~
a,
a cu1ion F2r f?to/.ecJ5on
fCa yj /t'a J..{ / hfQ ..J-,be.,
nose after crying? ~
3. Why may it be necessary to blow one's
1ht- -fi )VJction
r.r'-
µ_
4. Wha t is a sty?
....
Wha t is conju nctiv itis?
..,r
r
r
r
r
Jo fill
Jnf/tntarHDVJ of. &
r....
C
D
Tnf/arnaHon af
f{lrSa.1 {,/ahds
ConrJUh C,fjVA
can't remember, check a skull or your textb ook.)
h seven bone s form the bony orbit? (If you
5 _ Whic
fmmo ,J
5(-be no,d
~~ fi'. hl.,Hc.,
~W:t\y\t
Lac nra aJ.
-M~tf~i,-'+"' ltA_ _ _
r
r
r
r
~
r
r
,.
r
r
'
219
22 0
r-]\:i ew Sheet 17
r id enti fy the lett ere d structures o n th e diagram
.
by m atching each letter w ith one of the terms listed below.
1
I
-1
I
I
I
Pigmented
layer
__j}_
f
j
0
anteri o r segment
containing aqueous
humor
bipolar cells
ciliary body
ciliary zonule (suspensory
ligaments)
+ c ho roid
Lcornea
yVl
0
\
))
Y'\
-
j...
fovea centralis
ganglion cells
iris
lens
.
~J
\o
f
C.
e
photoreceptors
retina
sci era
scleral venous sinus
vitreous hum o r in
posterior segment
optic disc
optic nerve
Notice the arrows drawn close to the left side of the iris in the diagram above. What do they indicate?
lvWJ "1Y1di mk Bu- W o£ drainaf and µrcdi.1:::hon
of m✓ Aq v{L) l 1111 mor. 7 +-ha-\- 3ocJ -n~ Yl ;V\:w -f:h<c
(abal of y.\0 !eV'v)\.1
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•
••
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•,••
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t;
7
·
:~
:~
. ..
•-re
I )'--
1rp
Review Sheet 17
M atc h t he k e
Ke y:
y respo n ses with th e d escri .
pt,ve statem ents that fo ll
ow.
aqueo us humo r corne a ch oroid _
optic discfovea ce ntralis ...
c i liary body
reti na
iris _
c ilia ry zonul e _
Sciera lens _
.
(sus pen
1
sory 1gam ent)
C,\iaY'I ].DYlute..
1. attach es the lens
¾tH'ODS h ,)m oY
Of?-\) r. b \)t..
3 . the b lind spot
4
S cl~YAA. V-e. Ylou~
Y)U.S
t ·
· co n ams muscl e t hat contro ls th e size of t he pupil
5. d rains the aqueo us humo r from the eye
~n o.. ..
v~i~ ~ow
6. layer contai ning rods and cones
h LJ \Vl Of
Foveo-.
to t he ci fia ry bo dy
2. fl uid fillin g t he anteri o r segm ent of t he eye
~
s,
scleral venou s sinus vitreou s humo r_
nt of the eyeba ll
7. substa nce occup ying the posterior segme
8. forms most of the pigme nted vascu lar layer
{ey) i"rtt I i~
_ _,..\_e~h_.)~-- - - - - -
9. tiny p it; contai ns only cones
shape can be modifi ed
10. impor tant light-b ending structu re of the eye;
"
of the fibrou s layer- your " windo w on the world
_ _ _ _ _ _ 11. anteri or transp arent part
_ ..,.U:....:0::........1r'---'-'()...,_,("'--6,.,
~ -- - - ---=5=-L~\e'-""'-Y"!~0-
12 . the white of the eye
se.)
l of which of the follow ing? (Circle the correc t respon
8 . The intrin sic eye muscl es are under the contro
/
.c.
.c
.€
auton omic nervo us system )
somat ic nervou s system
Dis sec tion of the Cow (Sh eep) Eye
in the cow eye?
f the choro id that is not presen t in human s is found
·
'f
mod, ,catio n o
What
_
9
Ta reJ t JYY) LLJ C.:,dvM
,:
~
'-
~-
.,
C
C
•••
h appea rance of the retina .
.
10. Desc ribe t e
~ vY1hr"tH't. ~ Ia,--i
~
h
. t is it attach ed to t e po
At what pain
Ti- )J uevy d.e I /(&l,e,
A
sterio r aspec t of the eyeba ll?
v:nJH L<e,
/} ,
tuh l (_.e,_
/41-t vv--<:-
/Zn~C~...<,...>o~~~~ ~ - - - - ,:._L
.£.t-r.. .L.J/l..-.;{)W
221
'
Rev i ew She et 17
222
Vis ua l Te sts an d Ex pe rim en ts
d
visio n (Som e term s may be use
-st
·
ance
i
d
and
r
nea
ng
erni
conc
11 - U se term s from the key to com plet e th e sta te men ts
mor e than once .)
taut
rela xed
lax
ased
incre
decreas ed
Key: con trac ted
k,c.\ll i eO1 , the ciliary zonule (sus pen sory
.) b
mu scle is
Du ring dista nce vision: The ci liary
f"ga
1 men t) iS
±tiv±:
-
n: The cilia~ry I
~ 0 · g clos e visio
. J ;-l'' ff·•a
·
.
urrn
ol(.(c.J,<JJC~<.A.&:='--'--- ·
...
IS
ction
refra
t
ligh
and
'
Y({ !.j( c
the con vex ity of t he lens is e.lf
xity i~ 1Y 1(X (/j ~
J
1
Au,.\. .....,
IA \
mus cle isl Vft\T IACU ? a
La J
nve
•
I
.
"""-" '"'--' -b3. ---- , ens co
1s
ent)
ligam
ry
so
pen
(sus
le
. the cilia ry zonu
and ligh t refra ction is
seen.
ima ge hitti n g the blind spo t is not
12 . Exp lain why the part of the
A:
B with the desc ripti ons in colu mn
13. Mat ch the term s in colu mn
nl) phOh:> ra,,tf/,{)(J
Col umn B
Colu mn A
Yt-WC\W OYl
Aa OYY)frX,\tloYJ
'L\'V\VV\l-tYDfIlA
\--h./f)ccop·,o..
acc omm oda tion
1. light ben ding
asti gma tism
er 20 ft) visio n
2 . abil ity to focu s for clos e (und
con verg enc e
3. norm al visio n
e obje cts (fars ight edn ess)
4 . inab ility to focu s well on clos
0
b v-eyj tYJcL.
emm etro pia
hyp erop ia
5. nea rsig hted ness
As:b3Y\t¼¼m
.
l curv atur es of the lens or corn ea
6. blur red visio n due to une qua
myo pia
duri ng focu sing on clos e obje cts
7. med ial mov eme nt of the eyes
refr acti on
resu lts belo w:
14. Rec ord you r Sne llen eye test
s)-----------Left eye (wit hou t g l a s s e
_________
Righ t eye (wit hou t glas ses) _ _
_______
- - (wit h glas ses) _ _ _ _ _
____
_ _ _ (wit h glas ses) _ _ _ __
al?
than norm al, or bett er than norm
Is you r visu al acu ity norm al, less
Exp lain . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________
_ __
_ _ _ _ __
---- - - - - -_-__ _ _ _ _ __
___________
cha rt is used .
sepa rate ly whe n the Sne llen eye
Exp lain why each eye is test ed
-1D-t--"----\\..J.)~n...!.ct'-&~Yr....ili.u.4lud-(;J___ __
1=.1j~u1,1212lzM~...L..!~--+-- -2L___:i_:A~\e~Gh~'~ve~O~-lli.L.....t....C__~a¾cL!. . :J~~ul..ll,~r-'o~~--,____g.a,;LL.cah.
on sce.l
)fJ.1 HY:in n Orf't¼.} and +ha Vi.Ji
Expla;n 20/40 v;s;o n. i .j- i5
vcuev op claJe. ·- M j Of? l c
....L'n.lUcxl.4..,./.
1
•
Review Sheet 17
225
22 · Match th e m e m bra nous l2b'yrin th structures listed in co lumn B with the descriptive statements in column A (Some
terms are u sed more than once.)
Column A
Column B
1. contains the spi ra l organ of Corti
ampulla
~~\\O,Y
'fV\:~<!:1._b'f1>tJ.... 3 .
\'cG-tO Y\
basilar membrane
2 . sites of the maculae
cochlear duct
hair ce lls of the spiral organ of Corti rest on this
membrane
cochlear nerve
fyv';fV\'o{fA~
4 . gel-like membrane overlying the hair cells of the
spiral organ of Corti
AVV'\fo\\°'
WY\1€.
l u-:fU\U\.
~
23
U,
saccule
6 . function in static equilibrium .
.AfufN\\Ck
COuV\H CA..
otoliths
5 . contains the crista ampullaris
__S=a,,(.=-,(_=-.cu\.t,=-----:::-=-._,.1. V-hi l
o-\- ~ \ i llis
cupula
,
5-e'YY''c,vvU
{O'fl)\C\.
) r.y
dn l-\S
tectorial membrane
7. function in dynamic equilibrium
utricle
8. carries auditory information to the brain
vestibular nerve
9 . gelatinous cap overlying hair cells of the crista
ampullaris
10. grains of calcium carbonate in the maculae
b .\-o\" \½\)
.
.
.
.
_ Describe how sounds of different frequency (pitch) are d1fferent1ated
in
S))V\f\,)\o\e d&ka:i\k
24 .
semicircular ducts
v-
C\VcJa)
/))
1
the cochlea.
p·)~\e\fC:'(\ \-' +- 11'a\n
\
D
~
\--{,-;;::J
DY Y'f,vJ
Explain the role of the endolymph of the semicircular canals in activating the receptors during angular motion.
1h-L £D dolt,M'f?b
AVlh --\-N,yi {O IJ)) Oj
Bu
I
MDY'eJ J/?11),ev =Hoon
/} -fo bead (1Jh k:'.k:)
+-h.e
ra'(3J)C\
alb ua l{j
1ccrl) tl)6
_ Explain the role of the otoliths in perception of static equilibrium (head position) . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
25
(vM
hwY/
~tOli ~ s , 07>t»L
~ w,otv ~ k~bf ~
~qf6 w ly
flliL Q-1-d 1~'h~~1 J,A J:ht'V1 ~ ±tY__ ' r ' l a ~
E'XE R C I s E
~
~~-
18
REVIEW SHEET
Functional Anatomy
\ \ ,,,, L.Pf the Endocrine Glands
Name
__J_JLJ_Ut1J_(l--il)UJe ~
Lab Time/Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
•
Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands
tl
1- The endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body. However, the nervous system has
been compared to an airmail del ivery system, and the endocrine system to the Pony Express. Briefly explain this
comparison.
{5-e fool{.
,,
:rkse, mvuw 5{)1.R'tYl tus
\JY\l)){'. ~e) lt)'t\t({ , -}}-t fVlMC'v1'{} l.
.LMtW\1(0.\ Sd)'Jj\-{A~(,e
WOYlSf)Yr: MM? ,r6){1~ £-\J \d.5
2. Define hormone:
'
'Mf5')-e~(}
\2Nc!JC£d ·,"'
\al\- -e\eb u1
Y?e~uu '1'{)\r) b1Wd \o ~
1H~
~
c)v~avi .1))'\(l
Oltl!
.
+
0Y_M'fJ
J.
~Vl
il
•
•
3 . Identify the endocrine organ described by the following statements:
\\3\-1.'ri)\ c\ ~(lb &
1. located in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an isthmus
..•
.
~AieYlcJ. ~\llY)d 2 . found atop the kidney
,
p1Y\(v,l be N
•
Q~\I\C,-{0..)
3. a mixed glan_d, located ciose to the stomach and small intestine
()6.y (,l,\-\~J'.() \ o)
Q\)Q,Y\{)
•
4 . found in the roof of the third ventricle of the brain
5. ride "horseback" on the thyroid gland
6. found in the pelvic cavity of the female, concerned with ova and female hormone production
4 _ Although the pituitary gland is oftedn Hreferrded to has hthe mh aster gland of the body, the hypothalamus exerts
some control over the pituitary glan . ow oes t e ypot a 1amus control both anterior and posterior pituitary
functioning?
0-DA 1ce~ a.. {reo.\f:i{ o\ l'vmY'l'1ll'lll I 'iili'tih ~ \nO®OOt)) tW/.t co VIw2 :O 10 Cu:Afsn ~
: PM-\-'~ov fwooN MYl\1000 ,wv:YnO -Am\, 0:1--~Jt)civi ~ +-Yuh2,::nv-kd lo fbH p,-~f1\taW),.
•
'
!'l.V\ 6
~"'
~vw ed
t~sk.4~ . \voVV'. ~y.o\-hA\Y\flvJ. ·
o\t\in 't'\.euvvo\b
inadequate amoun s rm;ults in the follow~g conditions. (Use your textbook
5. Mame the hormone wtiose proauct,on
as necessary.)
1. poor development of secondary sex characteristics
•
•
2. tetany
TulJlin
3. diabetes mellitus
4. abnormally small stature, normal proportions
5. myxedema (a lower-than-normal metabolic rate)
233
Rev iew She et 18
234
A, and
lved by choosing a num ber from key
l effects, iden tify the hormone(s) invo
ona
horm
cases.
g
e
ribin
som
in
desc
nt
lved
eme
invo
be
stat
6 . For each
one horm one may
n with a lette r from key B. Mor e than
note the horm one's site of prod uctio
Key 8 :
Key A :
a. adre nal cort ex
11. LH
1. ACTH
b. adre nal med ulla
12. oxyt ocin
2. A DH
c. ante rior pitu itary
13. prog este rone
3 . aldo ster one
hyp otha lam us
d.
14. prol actin
,i_ c;,i~ itC'n in
ovar ies
e.
15. PTH
5. 3: ., 1ep/1rine
f. panc reas
test oste rone
16.
S. 1-;,1:oge;1 ~
g. para thyr oid glan ds
17. T/T3
FSH
I
h. pos terio r pitu itary
TSH
18.
'
1
'J
.l;, '.-/ t1C~~
i. testes
19. thym osin
!=i. I..":f ~
j. thyr oid glan d
10. insi.;l.n
k. thym us
f
f
4
1. basa l met abo lism horm one
_ l}_ ,
4
---3.__,
ff
and
l l. , (
f
3. help s mat ureT lymp hoc ytes
of seco nda ry sexu al
. ~ -\ ~ri ve dev elop men t
~
\
l
S b
e
C
_L_
5. regu late the func tion of ano ther
end ocri ne glan d
and
\O
~
z
uced by the sam e "mix ed" glan d
regu late bloo d gluc ose levels; prod
Is
g the men stru al cycl e
8. dire ctly resp onsi ble for regu latin
'3
balance in the bod y flu ids
9. help main tain salt and wate r
10. invo lved in milk ejec tion
lin ism
Ob se rvi ng the Effects of Hy pe rin su
z
•
•4'
4
~
syst em
6. mim ic the sym path etic nerv ous
{._ - ___,.,:_Q_ and
\6
char acte ristic s
{_ ;_l_L, C ;and 23
•I
0 _ , _f_ an d
____
<o
•
2. regu late bloo d calcium levels
.
was imm erse d in the insu lin solu tion
with in the fish's bod y whe n the fish
Brie fly expl ain wha t was hap pen ing
I
'
_ __ __ _
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _
reco very process you observed? _
8. Wha t is the mec han ism of the
_
insu lin? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
acci dent ally take n an over dose of
had
who
d
frien
a
help
to
do
you
9. Wha t wou ld
_ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _
_ _ _ Why ? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__
_
_
__
_
__
__
_
_ _ _ __
ssary, to ans wer this que stion .)
(Use an appr opri ate refe rence, as nece
test?
ance
toler
ose
gluc
a
is
t
Wha
10.
••
e
••
••
••
•
••
•
••
•
REVIEW SHEET
Blood
Name
1
\~>fAbe \\ 6' ef1De,r5
Lab Time/Date _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Comp ositio n of Blood
s__i_S___ _
,. What is the blood volume of an average-sized adult? _ _ _ _
2. What determin es whether blood is bright red or a dull brick-red?
Ib,e
o,
liters
leve:\
OX\/jC: n?1 Hon
uh It be pie.">e vrf-
[VOrQ
descriptive st atements . (Some terms
3. Use the key to identify the cell type(s) or blood elements that fit the following
may be used more than once.)
monocyte
formed elements
basophil
Key:
neutroph il
lymphocy te
eosinoph il
plasma
megakar yocyte
erythroc yte
Alv ~b-,\
1. its name means "neutral- loving "; a phagocyt e
o-+aro~·il~,and \f\-!U\rb ¢ ,\
---'!.Mh'----"""--~·,t_ _ _ ___,_£___05-.........,1·
eY\l lli r'.D C>--( LR.
MObCV-(kl
2. granuloc ytes
3. also called a red blood cell
\'{ Mrh DCAJ kL
4. agranulo cytes
[V\e.,~0-...~C!,V\J DCi ~ ancestral cell of platelets
\1)Y')Y'\ed ele,Ybe@
,eos, yJ p\--), \
monocyt es,
6. basophils , eosinoph ils, erythrocy tes, lymphocy tes, megakar yocytes,
and neutroph ils are all examples of these
7. number rises during parasite infections
8. releases a vasodilat or; the least abundan tWBC
Pie ~ . ~\{)()A Cell
9. transport s oxygen
--/A
--lQ'.. .\:!..L(AL.1,)., ._'fnL.L. . ,'-'---
10. primarily water, noncellul ar; the fluid matrix of blood
}Y\ODDC~ \e,
11. phagocyt e in chronic infections
.~
-
..l~JJ.A~oo~~()!..l,C--::i~_r\t ___
. ,_~\\_
---''D..QY\
--ie~Cb=-'\Y
, \~mQWl~\g
t---'-'~\\,.___ 12. the five types of white blood cells
"'-=-till~. . .9\i
- -"n-+~
4 . List tour classes of nutrients normally found in plasma:
b
~ 1~Yl~O--=..,a. .c". "-1·.c.,=--~
_______,_0_frl
_5_Uj-;:=-(l~Y
-----Y\)
~ ·\--'----'
& ---- -, and ~ V--'1-t--'~/,l)'.Y)
- ~)..'JLJf(-lt. .J.=
__.,[. , £)-1-b- - - - - - - - and _ _L_D___z.___ ___
_ _, and
--r- ~V~yY\
\\)~'tf\__ _ _IV\_._. . _._l\~N\_b\
.~
u..\. . .C
Name three electrolyt es: _.(,-=-\
Name two gases:
~ D\:C\s5~\) \'<\
243
244
Review Sheet 19
» escribe the cons istency and color of the plasma you observed in the laboratory.
SMG½y txnd v,J co05
6. Wh at is the average life span of a red blood cell? How does its anucleate condition affect this life span?
- -llCl\>.J~e. \1
_ _ji__r,1
'
,
'\
/
Y)
\OD - - \io dtA\/s. Th·,) anuc1ea:\e.s 5o
Cc rm duce.
Fr:: . .., •n em o ry. de~cr·te the st ructu ral characteristics of each of the following blood cell types as accurately as pass1n ie .-, d n c te :he p ercentag e of ea ch in an individual 's total population of white blood cells.
eos inoph il s - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
neutrophils _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
lymphocytes---------------------------------------
basophils------------------------------------------
monocytes- ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
s.
Correctly identify the blood pathologies described in column A by matching them with selections from column B:
Column A
- leu\/2
Column B
oc~.\os,~~bnorm al increase in the number ofWBCs
QD' "f C-'i \t1 eYY\'1A
3AeA'li6
2. abnormal increase in the number of RBCs
leukocytosis
____
)Q__;=--~_.__-·,_(r..
---1tl~c..:V----=-=
3. condition of too few RB Cs or of RBCs
with hemoglobin deficiencies
leukopenia
. _ __
_..:.{J....
. <.~er=, Y\
- ~Le:...e~u,.(_~.J~D-.
4. abnormal decrease in the number ofWBCs
polycythemia
Hematologic Tests
9. Broadly speaking , why are hematologic studies of blood so important in the diagnosis of dise ase 7.
,
(, \
-
\
'J
Review Sheet 19
245
.
ts ou co nd ucted
recording
tes
by
od
art
blo
ch
the
the
e
m
let
fro
I . Co mp
or ma tio n
t fol lo w s, rec o rd inf ica tin g the s,·g n,·t,·cance f h ' Yh or I ow va ues for each test.
' r~c ,;h art thahy
rg
d ind
o
an
s
ult
ad
ale
m
.'. ,It !- lur he a lt
I
--:._
I ---._
.
--- - - ·-
-
Significance
i
St ud en t tes t
results
'
I
T,-.c: •
- --- -- · -- -
No rm al values
(healthy ma le adults)
Lo w values
High values
I
I
,·.:,, ., , ~,·sc cu uri :
-
To tal ABC co un t
-
I
:
He ma toc rit
He mo glo bin
de ter m ina tio n
Co ag ula tio n t im e
'
n to be hig h or low?
glo bin de ter mi na tio
mo
he
ur
yo
ct
pe
ex
u
yo
h he ma toc rit, wo uld
12 . If yo u ha d a hig
~h
vY'fl~~
+hem
n
,
·
/n
b
o
l
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A--13
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