Adapting materials


Teacher-Centered and Learner
Centered Approach to Adaptation
Key Features in Materials Adaptation
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Materials and Digital Technology
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1. Teacher-Centered and
Learner-Centered Approach
to Adaptation
Teacher-Centered Approach
Taken to its most extreme interpretation, teachers are the main
authority figure in a teacher-centered instruction model. Students are
viewed as “empty vessels” who passively receive knowledge from their
teachers through lectures and direct instruction, with an end goal of
positive results from testing and assessment. In this style, teaching and
assessment are viewed as two separate entities; student learning is
measured through objectively scored tests and assessments.
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Learner-Centered Approach
While teachers are still an authority figure in a student-centered
teaching model, teachers and students play an equally active role in the
learning process. The teacher’s primary role is to coach and facilitate
student learning and overall comprehension of material, and to measure
student learning through both formal and informal forms of assessment,
like group projects, student portfolios, and class participation. In the
student-centered classroom, teaching and assessment are connected
because student learning is continuously measured during teacher
instruction.
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Instructional Materials
Instructional materials are those items that assist the
information aspect of teaching. These could take the form of
textbooks, worksheets, 3D models, charts, infographics, etc.
Instructional materials also include assessment and testing methods.
Basically, any material, any information containing resources which
that the teacher uses while instructing. Now testing materials don’t
necessarily contain information, but they help the retention and
learning of information, thus, they are instructional materials.
Sometimes, they are a means to an end, the end being the
assimilation of information.
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TEACHER-CENTERED
MATERIALS
Teacher-Centered Materials
In the spectrum of educational materials, teachercentered materials are the materials used in the classroom to
have a better teaching process. It is used only by the
teachers and the students will listen while the teacher is
teaching with the help of the teacher-centered materials.
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examples
PowerPoint Presentation
PPT's are considered as one of the
instructional materials that can be used in teaching.
Teacher manifest to teach with the help of laptop
and projector that can be an ease for the learners
because they can see what is the lesson all about
through the use of PowerPoint presentation.
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Visual Aids
Visual aids are also similar with the PowerPoint
presentation. It is used to show what is lesson all
about. It can support the teacher by setting out main
points and other information about the lesson or the
topic.
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Recorded Lectures
These recorded lectures include audio
presentation and video presentation. These are
used in screen casting information, resources, and
helps to elaborate and give more examples.
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Chart, Objects, Photographs
These are also considered as teachercentered instructional materials since it helps to
elaborate the topic and it gives clear example that
supports the context of the lesson.
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LEARNER-CENTERED
MATERIALS
LEARNER-Centered Materials
The focus of the materials in this approach is on the
students. The teachers will only facilitate the students for
them to have a better and efficient learning process and
learning experience. The teacher will serve as a coach for
the overall comprehension of the material by the learners.
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examples
STORYBOOKS
Stories play a vital role in the growth and
development of learners. It can help to enhance
their reading skills and comprehension. This
material is a student-centered since the students
are the one who reads the book and it sparks their
imagination and stimulate their curiosity.
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Coursebook/Textbook
This material mainly contains comprehensive compilation of
content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbook
are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational
institutions. Coursebooks are textbooks and other books used in
schools to expontaneously explain and help students to understand the
lesson.
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SIM or Strategic Intervention Material
This material contains comprehensive approach that
addresses the needs of students to be able to read and
understand large volumes of complex materials as well as
their need to be able to express themselves effectively in
writing. This includes dynamic teaching tools that use
powerful teaching devices to organize and present curriculum
content in an understandable and easy-to-learn manner.
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ACTIVITY SHEETS
This material is commonly a piece of paper
that contains question and activities. Students can
either place their answers or perform the specific
activity.
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Why do we need to adapt
Materials?
There are numerous reasons why we need to adapt
materials. Principal reasons for this are the following:
unsuitable material level, too difficult, too long or short, use of
grammar or language, irrelevancy of themes, not adapted for
specific use, and not adapted to student learning styles. We
need to adapt materials to be able to include tasks that are
missing, to increase communication, to make it simpler, to
meet the learner's needs, to meet the learners interests, and
to modernize.
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how do we adapt
Materials?
There are many ways to adapt materials. You can adapt
materials by reducing the content to make it simpler and more
concise in order for the students to have better understanding of the
topic. You can also put or add information prior to the context of the
topic to also help students have a better comprehension of the topic.
You can also create other materials depending on the needs of the
students. You can also modify, improvise, or personalize the
materials to make it more appropriate for your learners.
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when do we adapt
Materials?
We adapt materials to adjust on the different capabilities and
intelligences of the students. It is also needed to have a more flexible
and effective teaching process and learning experience. There are
many things to consider when we adapt materials. When the materials
are not appropriate for the students regarding its themes, culture,
standards, and level of difficulty, that is the time when we need to
adapt the materials. In addition, if the materials didn't meet the needed
learning objectives, it means that there is a need of adaptation of the
materials of find another material that is appropriate for the needs of
the students.
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2. Key features in
materials adaptation
3. Materials and
digital technology
Digital Technology
✘ The term digital technology is used to refer to the ever-
evolving suite of digital software, hardware and architecture
used in learning and teaching in the school, the home and
beyond.
✘ Is a term that is being increasingly used in education in
place of now dated terms like ICT, educational technology,
computer-based education and Technology- Enhanced
Learning.
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Types of Digital Technology Used in Education
✘ Productivity Tools
✘ Instructional Software
✘ Computer- based Learning Technologies and Instruction
✘ General Reference
✘ Research Tools
✘ Subject- Specific CD- ROMs
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1. Productivity
tools
Productivity tools
✘ Computer productivity tools are software programs designed
to make computer users more productive as they work.
✘ Productivity tools are programs that are specifically created
to be used by professionals specializing in the specific field.
✘ Example: (MS Office Applications such as MS Word,
PowerPoint, Excel, and etc.)
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USES OF PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
 Creation of Materials
 Reference
 Collaboration
 Planning
 Archiving Purposes
 New teaching methods are introduced.
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2. Instructional
software
Instructional software
✘ Instructional software are types of software that assists
in the instruction of the students.
✘ They generally provide the students the information
regarding the lesson and is always followed-up with an
assessment.
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TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARES
✘ Applications
✘ Drill-and-Practice
✘ Tutorials
✘ Simulation
✘ Instructional Games
✘ Problem- Solving
✘ Multimedia
✘ Teacher Utilities
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Applications
A group of applications programs that is designed to
automate general- purpose and specific tasks such as word
processing, database management, spreadsheet, attendance,
accounting, grade reporting, scheduling and others.
Drill and Practice
Drill and practice software provide exercises in which
students work example items one at a time and receive
feedback on their correctness.
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Tutorials
A tutorial exposes the learner to materials that is believed
not to have been previously taught or learned. A tutorial often
includes pre- test, post test and drill and practice activities.
Simulations
A simulation is a computerized model of real or imagined
system designed to teach how a system works and allows learners
to create their own sequence for using simulation.
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Instructional Games
Instructional games are courseware designed to
motivate learning by adding game rules to learning activities.
Problem-Solving
Problem-solving software is a type of program that
places emphasis on critical thinking, analysis, logic and
reasoning via the presentation of a set of data or problematic
event.
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Multimedia
Programs that support the interactive use of text, audio,
still images, video and graphics and manipulate them to support
learning.
Teachers Utilities
Non- instructional or administrative programs used to
prepare instructional materials or organize, store, evaluate and
report information on pupils’ achievement and progress.
3. Computer-Based
Learning Technologies
and Instruction
Computer-based learning technologies and instruction
Computer-based learning in education refers to using
computers as a central part of the educational experience.
Teachers use educational websites and software to enhance
daily classroom curriculum.
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Example of CBL/CBI:
Spelling City
SpellingCity.com is a website where students
practice spelling and language skills. Teachers input
weekly spelling lists and students play games and
practice their words during the week.
Types of computer-based instruction
Computer-based Learning
These are materials that facilitate communication
and cooperation between students and teachers. They
utilize the computer’s network resources and the internet.
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Computer-supported Collaborative Learning
CSCL can be implemented in online and
classroom learning environments and can take place
synchronously or asynchronously.
Technology-Enhanced Learning
Any learning method that utilizes technological
resources falls under this category. They have the
advantage of being more interactive, cheaper and
convenience.
4. General
reference tools
General reference tools
✘
General reference materials are academic
programs which provide learning materials similar
to books.
✘
They are often including multimedia’s, dictionary
and thesaurus. (Ex. Merriam Webster)
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There are two types of General Reference Tools
✘ User-generated
Any content text, video, images, reviews. (Ex.
Wikipedia and etc.)
✘ Traditional
Ex. Encarta
5. Research tools
researh tools
✘ Research tools are resources mainly used for retrieving
information from several sources.
✘ Most of these research tools use the Internet to search
information.
✘ They generally include search engines, wikis, blogs,
internet archives, etc.
✘ Example: Google
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6. Subject- Specific
CD- ROMs
Subject- Specific CD- ROMs
✘ Subject-specific CD- ROMs are compact discs that
contain instructional software regarding a particular
topic.
✘ They are often included as companion CDs for
books.
✘ They tend to have a much broader scope compared
to digital encyclopedias.
THANKS!
Any questions?
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