Polymers of building
materials.
Performed: Liza Nurdilla
Accepted by: Bagdat Abzhalov
Group: JHM-911A
1. Composition and properties of plastic masses.
2. Materials for covering floors.
3. Structural and finishing products.
4. Mouldings
5. Pipes and sanitary products
6. Mastics and adhesives
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC MASSES
Polymers They are called building materials that contain high molecular organic substances polymers as the main component.
In the process of processing polymers, materials are able to form plastic masses, easily formed and retaining their
shape after removing the active forces, so they are called with
plastics.
Composition of plastics:
Polymer, serving as a binding agent, filler, plasticizer, hardener, dye.
By origin, there are :
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Natural resources (cellulose, natural rubber).
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Artificial (polyethylene).
Filler material it is used to save polymer binder and improve the properties of materials.
Organic and Inorganic Substances.
Plasticizer increases the ductility and elasticity of the material.
Stabilizer bar promotes long-term preservation of the properties of plastics.
Hardeners - to speed up the curing of components.
Dyes or pigments for adding color.
Antiseptics, flame retardants, converters.
Properties of plastics
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Low density
High mechanical properties(good resistance to compressive, tensile, bending and impact forces).
High chemical and karrosiynaya street durability(well painted in various colors, well glued and
welded, easy to handle, waterproof, which allows them to be used for waterproofing buildings and
structures).
Low price abradability ( for floor coverings).
Disadvantages:
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Low hardness
Low heat resistance
Combustibility
Toxicity
Polymer materials for floor coverings
Material Properties :
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Low price abradability
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Maloe water absorption
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Elasticity
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Sufficient durability
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Hygiene
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Required heat and sound insulation
Polymer materials for floors
oRolled products
oTiled floors
oMastic products
oMouldings
Roll-up materials for floors
Linoleum floors
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Elastic
Wear-resistant
Hygienic
Durable
PVC
Synthetic carpet coverings
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Elastic
Silent
Wear-resistant
High decorative effect
Acoustic properties
Vorsolin
Vorsonid
Tile materials
• PVC tiles (high resistance to penetration, abrasion).
• Coumaron tiles are used for flooring corridors in public buildings with heavy traffic.
• Rubber tiles (vodo and chemically resistant, hygienic, good decorative qualities,
used in rooms with high humidity).
Mastic materials
Viscous fluid polymer materials in depending on the raw material, there are:
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Polyvinyl cement plants
Polymer products
Plastbetonnye
By laying method:
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Plastic parts
Self-levelling vehicles
Mouldings - long-sized products are made mainly by squeezing out the hot mass.
By fiziko-mahanichesky properties distinguish between soft, semi-rigid, and rigid.
By destination:
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Skirting boards (used for sealing gaps between the wall and the floor).
Handrails for railings, balconies and other barriers
Window and door trim panels
Layouts.
Tread pads
Reiki.
Construction and finishing materials
Structural polymer materials have high strength, low thermal conductivity, and low density.
These materials in the form of sheets or three-layer panels are used in walls or partitions.
Fiberglass is obtained by combining a polymer and a fiberglass filler.
Fiberglass filler provides high strength depending on the location of the fibers in various 3 types of fiberglass:
1. Stekloshifer (in the form of flat and wavy sheets, the fibers are randomly arranged).
It is used for the installation of translucent partitions and roofs of various structures.
2. Fiberglass anisotropic material (SWAM) is obtained from a sheet of fiberglass.
The fibers are positioned in a pre-defined position.
Scope of application: on load-bearing objects, as well as spatial enclosing structures.
3. Steklotekstolit — sheet material based on fiberglass laid in layers in bags and impregnated with resin solutions followed by hot pressing. The fibers
are arranged in mutually perpendicular directions.
4. Organic glass: Structural, technical, and lighting equipment.
Colorless, colored, transparent, well machinable.
Scope of application: for translucent fences and partitions.
5. Wood-layered plates — sheet material obtained by heat treatment under pressure of sheets or sawdust impregnated with synthetic resins and glued
with bakelite varnish.
It is used as a construction and finishing material.
Finishing materials
They are mainly used for interior decoration, because they have sufficient strength, hygiene, high decorative and operational qualities. Is used dinstallation of
wall coverings for buildings and commercial equipment.
Kinds:
• Sheet, tile, and roll products.
• Chipboard (chipboards are made by hot flat pressing of wood particles and synthetic binder).
• Partitions, floor bases, doors.
They come with or without finishing.
• Fiberboard (wood fiber boards) made by pressing ground wood pulp impregnated with synthetic resins.
• Paper-layered decorative plastic.
• Sheet finishing material made by hot pressing special types of paper impregnated with synthetic binders.
Tiles for wall cladding
Polystyrene products
They are made by injection molding on special injection molding
machines from colored mineral pigment polystyrene.
The back side has a sideboard with a width of 6-8mm. And a raised
surface, which provides a stronger adhesion to the surface to be lined.
Drawback they are characterized by relatively low heat resistance and
flammability.
Polystyrene tiles are used for interior wall coverings and panels in
residential, commercial and industrial buildings with high hygiene
requirements and temperature and humidity conditions.
Not used near heating devices.
Phenolite
It is obtained by pressing a mixture of binder, hardener and filler.
Phenolite facing areas tiles are characterized by high mechanical
strength and chemical resistance, in addition, they are heatresistant, vapor-proof, water-and frost-resistant.
They are designed for lining the interior walls of laboratories,
production halls and other premises where aggressive chemicals
may affect the lining.
Rolled finishing materials
To rolled finishing materials Polyvinyl chloride films and lincrust are widely used in construction.
The industry produces several types of decorative PVC films:
Isoplene, Poviniol, Vinisten, self-adhesive film, etc.
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Isoplene it is a PVC film on a paper basis, which is used for the production ofyu pleave in rolls. It is used for finishing the internal surfaces of
walls and partitions in residential, public and industrial buildings with normal and temperature-humidity conditions of operation.
Povinol — PVC film on a fabric basis. Polyvinyl is used for finishing walls in buildings with high sanitary and decorative requirements.
Vinisten — baseless PVC film, the front surface of which can be single-color or multi-color with a printed pattern imitating valuable wood species,or
relief. It is used for finishing the interior walls of public buildings.
Self-adhesive film — three-layer rolled material consisting of a PVC film, a layer of glue. Self-adhesive film is used for decorative finishing of
specially prepared surfaces of interior walls, door panels and built-in furniture in residential and public buildings.
Linkroot it is a rolled finishing material consisting of a paper base covered with a layer of a polymer composition in the form of a paste. It is
water-and rot-resistant, well resists mechanical influences, does not fade in the sun, has high hygienic qualities. Lincrust is used for interior wall
decoration of residential and public buildings, as well as schools, kindergartens educational institutions hospitals, laboratories, and public catering
establishments.
Thank you for attention