Diabetes type 2 is usually rare in young people, but now, based on The National Diabetes Statistic
Report 2020, around 210.00 children and teenagers under 20 years in the US are diagnosed with
diabetes (Whiteman). The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth
(TODAY) study found a rapid rate of decline in b-cell function despite treatment with metformin
and/or rosiglitazone. Glycemic progression appears more aggressive in youth than adults before
and after progression to type 2 diabetes but matched longitudinal studies examining both youth
and adults with identical protocols have never been performed before (Utzschneider et al.). The
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study is the first study to directly compare treatment responses
between youth and adults using identical treatment arms and protocols to assess b-cell function.
The premise of RISE Studies was to determine if early treatment for 12 months could reverse the
defect in b-cell function and alter the course of the disease by demonstrating persistent beneficial
effects after treatment withdrawal. The RISE Studies were designed to provide two matching
treatment arms in youth and adults: treatment with glargine for 3 months followed by metformin
for 9 months or treatment with metformin alone for 12 months.