Name:_____________________________ Block_____ Chapter 13 Test Review: The Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance (13.1 and 13.2) 1. What role did trade play in the Renaissance? Trade brought new ideas as well as goods into Europe. 2. 3. What was the major patron family of Florence during the Italian Renaissance? The Medici family ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance 4. What name was given to the age of great change marked by renewed interest in classical learning and the arts? Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom. 5. What qualities Machiavelli’s The Prince say a successful ruler must have? These necessary characteristics include being feared or loved (but not hated), having the people's support, convincingly displaying virtues, using one's own arms, and having intelligence. 6. Which Renaissance artist sculpted La Pieta and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel? Michelangelo 7. Which humanist ideals are most expressed in the sculpture David, by Michelangelo? Michelangelo's sculpture of David expresses David's rationality. 8. Which Renaissance architect was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon and went on to design the Duomo? Filippo Brunelleschi 9. Which city-state was in the best location to benefit from trade-based cultural exchange with the Islamic civilization across the Mediterranean Sea? Florence 10. 11. How did Renaissance thought and learning differ from Medieval thought? The movement began in Italy and encompassed almost all facets of life including politics, intellect, and art 12. What did humanists, like Petrarch, believe was essential for personal fulfillment? learning 13. What did humanists believe about past knowledge (classical Greek and Roman)? The history of the term humanism is complex but enlightening. It was first employed (as humanismus) by 19th-century German scholars to designate the Renaissance emphasis on Classical studies in education. 14. What did the Church hire Renaissance artists to do? paint 15. How did the subject of Renaissance art reflect new ideas of humanism? Reflect funny monkey 16. How were human forms depicted in Renaissance art that was different from Medieval art? There were many different styles of art and architecture that were developed in Italy during the Renaissance. 17. Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in Da Vinci’s The Last Supper? Realism, shadow 18. What subjects did Northern Renaissance painters, like Pieter Bruegels, depict in their art? Renaissance art, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and literature produced during the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries in Europe under the combined influences of an increased awareness of nature, a revival of classical learning, and a more individualistic view of man. 19. What invention revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance? The printing press Reformation (13.3 and 13.4) 1. As humanist ideas encouraged people to question the Church, what happened in the Holy Roman Empire? (hint: Martin Luther The Church initially ignored Martin Luther, but Luther's ideas (and variations of them, including Calvinism) quickly spread throughout Europe. 2. How did the printing press help the Reformation grow? It spread information more quickly 3. What was the decision made in the Peace of Augsburg in 1555? ettled religious disputes in the Holy Roman Empire by enshrining the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio 4. What was the purpose of the Council of Trent? formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation 5. Which territory/country in Europe was most divided by the Protestant Reformation? Germany Scientific Revolution (13.5) 1. What was Copernicus’ perspective of the universe? (What did he believe was at the center?) In Copernicus' lifetime, most believed that Earth held its place at the center of the universe. The sun, the stars, and all of the planets revolved around it. 2. What did Johannes Kepler discover about the orbits of planets? three major laws of planetary motion 3. Fill in the discoveries of each scientist: Scientist Discoveries Copernicus the planets orbit around the Sun Brahe discovered a new star in the Cassiopeia formation. Kepler Kepler's laws of planetary motion Galileo Craters and mountains on the Moon. The Moon's surface was not smooth and perfect as received wisdom had claimed but rough, with mountains and craters whose shadows changed with the position of the Sun Bacon popularized the scientific method Descartes how to plot points on a plane called the Cartesian plane. Leeuwenhoek Discovered the cell Boyle Chemistry Newton Laws of gravity Short Answer Questions 1. Compare and contrast Medieval art to Renaissance art. Describe three elements of art and explain the difference. 2. Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? (hint: geography, religion, trade, banking family) 3. What factors led the Italian City-States to become the center of trade during the Renaissance?
