Chapter
3
TRAINING
PREVIEW

The concept of training.

The benefits of training.

A systematic approach to training.

Examples of learning principles.

The role of computers in training.
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WHAT IS TRAINING
Training is the attempt by an organization
to change employees through the learning
process so that they are able to perform
their jobs as efficiently as possible.
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THE ASK MODEL
Change
Attitudes
A
Develop
Skills
S
Increase
Knowledge
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THE KIRKPATRICK MODEL OF
EVALUATION
Step 1: Reaction: How do trainees feel about the
programme?
Step 2: Learning: What have the trainees learned?
Step 3: Behaviour: What on-the-job changes in
behaviour have taken place?
Step 4: Results: Have cost reductions resulted?
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TRAINING IS A LEARNING
PARTNERSHIP
The Government
The Training
Department
Employees
Employers
Heads of
Department
Training
Vendors
Consultants
Educational
Institutions
The Organization
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THE HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT FUND
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WHAT HAPPENS TO A COMPANY
WHICH DOES NOT TRAIN ITS
EMPLOYEES? (cont.)

Payment to employees when
learning on the job, which
may take longer if it is not
properly planned for.

Lowered morale, leading to higher
turnover, among team members who
are demotivated by working with an
untrained employee.

Costs of wasted materials,
sales and customers lost
because of mistakes made
by untrained employees.

Accident-related costs; it is welldocumented that untrained workers
tend to have more accidents.

Higher turnover leading to
recruitment costs because
employees feel they have no
prospects of further development.

Management time cost taken
to undo the mistakes made
by the untrained employees.
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BENEFITS OF TRAINING

Training opportunities attract and help to retain
talented workers

Training increases worker productivity

Training increases workers’ job satisfaction

Training keeps workers up-to-date

Training helps to motivate workers
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LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS

A learning organization is one which is
permeated with a culture, whereby all
employees continuously attempt to increase
their knowledge and skills on a cooperative
basis.

The organization takes proactive steps to retain
this knowledge within the organization.
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LEARNING
ORGANIZATIONS
THE TRAINING
PROCESS
Identify training needs (lack skill on typing)
Set training objectives (improve typing)
Develop the training programme (venue, date, trainer)
Implement the programme
Evaluate the programme (end of training)
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DEVELOPING TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
Factors to Consider







Venue
Trainer
Duration
Budget
Individual or group
Methodology
Logistics
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WHAT IS A TRAINING NEED?
A training need is a problem which prevents
work being done satisfactorily and which can be
overcome by TRAINING.
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TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
(cont.)
Levels of Analysis
Organizational Level
 Organizational culture
 Quality and productivity schemes
Operations Level
 Job analysis
Individual Level
 Evaluating individual performance against standards
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TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
(cont.)
Situations





New employees
Promotion and transfer
New machinery
New procedures and policies
New products or services
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TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
(cont.)
Problems suggesting a training need include:

Falling output
 Rising error, scrap, waste, mistakes
 Increasing time taken to complete work
 Increasing accident rate
 Increasing customer complaints
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TRAINING VENUE
On-the-job?
or
Off-the-job?
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TRAINING METHODS

Lecture
 Handouts/materials
 Audio-visual aids
 Computer-aided learning/e-learning
 Role-playing
 Case studies
 Simulation
 Coaching
 Apprenticeship/ Management Trainee

Projects/Special assignments
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LEARNING PRINCIPLES

The learner must want to learn

Active learning is more effective than passive
learning

Feedback or knowledge of results is essential

Learning is faster in teams
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E-LEARNING

E-learning allows learners
to learn at the speed
which suits them best.

E-learning allows for savings
on logistics costs.

E-learning allows employees to learn at times
which suits them best.
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REVIEW

The concept of training.

The benefits of training.

A systematic approach to training.

Examples of learning principles.

The role of computers in training.
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