GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TITLE: INCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING OF THE SUKE ACCIDENT
COURSE CODE
BEE12202
COURSE NAME
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
FACULTY
FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
STUDENT NAMES
1. MUHAMMAD HADRI BIN HUSSIN CHEE (DE20005)
2. MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN MUHAMMAD MUDDASIR
(CE200089)
3. NUR AMIRUL FARHAN BIN BAHARUDIN (DE200001)
4. FATIN IRDINA BINTI JEFRI (DE200004)
LECTURER NAME
TS. DR. MUHAMMAD HAZLI BIN MAZLAN
DATE OF SUBMIT
17 APRIL 2021
MARK
Abstract
Safety at construction sites should be emphasized by the owners/managers of construction
companies whether large- or small-scale companies. This is because, the increase in the number of accidents
and the number of deaths involving workers at construction sites is increasing year by year. In Malaysia,
construction companies dominate almost 80% of the total contractors registered with the Construction
Industry Development Board (CIDB). Construction companies are seen neglecting worker safety due to
several obstacles such as poor management commitment to worker safety, lack of training and education to
workers, not involving workers in safety programs, no safety planning at pre-project stage, not conducting
investigations in case of accidents, no conducting drug and alcohol testing on employees, and not making
safety assessments as well as rewarding employees. These factors contribute to the failure to improve
performance in the company.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the critical success factors (FKK) of an incident
of our choice to improve safety performance in construction companies which is PROLINTAS SDN BHD.
The specific objectives of this study are to identify FKK to improve safety performance; assess the level of
importance and position of FKK to improve safety performance; and give suggestions to improve safety
performance and prevent similar occurrence in construction companies.
1
Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2. About the case ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Chronology of Accident ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Overview of SUKE project ................................................................................................................ 4
2.3. The Company Behind SUKE Project................................................................................................. 5
3. Findings .................................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Analysis and Discussion ........................................................................................................................... 8
5. Recommendations – Improvements and Preventions Methods .............................................................. 10
5.1. Provide safety coaching for all workers. .......................................................................................... 10
5.2. Hold frequent crew safety conferences. ........................................................................................... 10
5.3. Utilize protecting wear and kit. ........................................................................................................ 10
5.4. Maintain the instrumentation and tools ............................................................................................ 10
5.5. Prevent falls ..................................................................................................................................... 11
5.6. Recognize the hazard and create arrange. ........................................................................................ 11
5.7. Regular break ................................................................................................................................... 11
5.8. Conduct a workplace safety audit. ................................................................................................... 11
6. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 12
7. References ............................................................................................................................................... 13
8. Appendices.............................................................................................................................................. 15
2
1. Introduction
Occupational health and safety (OSH) at the workplace are very important for business
especially in construction workplace. For Malaysia, we are in accordance to mainly Factories and
Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) and Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994).
For construction sites there is also the Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at Construction
Sites (GUIDE 2007) the first edition to act as another general guidelines for construction works.
These guides are available because unhealthy and unsafe working conditions will contribute to the
unwelcomed accidents or incident which can cause loss in man hours and increase indirect
company cost. It influences company’s productivity in order to maintain competitiveness in the
business world.
There are three main reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health standards
at workplace. The first one is so that an employee should not have to risk injury or death at work,
nor should others that are associated with the work environment.
The second reason is that poor occupational safety and health performance results in
financial consequence to the government. Organizations also sustain financial consequence in the
event of an incident at work. a small incident may result in time lost for the business which will
affect profits and productivity. workers may need to be trained to replace the injured person while
the others may need to increase their workload to cover the injured person.
The final reason is occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil
law or criminal law. it is accepted that without the extra "encouragement" of potential regulatory
action or litigation, many organisations would not act upon their implied moral obligations. The
company need to ensure that they are meeting the compliance needs of legislation to avoid criminal
or civil prosecutions and convictions.
Thus, based on the three guides mentioned above, we would investigate on an accident that
occurred at the Sungai Besi – Ulu Klang Elevated Expressway construction project which is still
ongoing as of 13th April 2021.
3
2. About the case
2.1. Chronology of Accident
According to a news report from The New Strait Times Malaysia published at 23rd March 2021, an
accident occurred at an ongoing massive elevated highway construction work, the SUKE project, at Puncak
Bayan, Persiaran Alam Damai, Cheras.
At 8.45 a.m. during a maintenance work, a large launcher crane toppled causing its component to
crash down the road below it. The crane however fell on top a car causing injuries and trapping the driver,
a local citizen of Malaysia. Three foreign workers from China were killed during the accident. Two of the
workers died at the scene after falling from a height of 40 meters. The other one died while being stuck to
an iron structure during the fallout. It was not clear where the three foreign workers were working before
the crane structure fell.
The names of the foreign victims are Ding Kunfu, Jiang Jinboa and Mu Tong Zheng respectively.
The accident is categorized as a fatal accident, and investigations on the cause of the accident is still ongoing
by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). The company that oversees the project has
brought out a statement that they will extend full cooperation to the authorities regarding the investigation
of the accident and improve the process and implementation of the SUKE project.
2.2. Overview of SUKE project
The SUKE project is a 24.4kilometres long, three-lane, dual-carriageway elevated highway project
which spans from Sri Petaling to Ulu Klang. The construction project aims to be an alternate route from the
Middle Ring Road 2 (MMR) to reduce the already horrid congestion which brings approximately 200,000
traffics daily in Cheras, Pandan Indah and Ampang. It is expected to reduce the traffic congestion on MMR2
by thirty percent during peak hours.
The SUKE project has fourteen interchanges and reaches out to over sixty residential areas as well
connecting to major highways including the Kuala Lumpur-Seremban Highway, Shah Alam
Highway(KESAS), Sungai Besi Highway(BESRAYA), Cheras-Kajang Highway(GRAND SAGA),
MMR2, Ampang Kuala Lumpur Elevated Highway(AKLEH) and Duta-Ulu Klang Expressway(OUKE),
completing a ring of major highways in Kuala Lumpur. The interchanges cover Sri Petaling, Sungai Besi,
Alam Damai, Cheras-Kajang, Cheras Hartamas, Bukit Teratai, Tasik Tambahan, Permai, Kosas, Pekan
Ampang, Ampang Point, Ulu Kelang, Hillview and Bukit Antarabangsa.
4
2.3. The Company Behind SUKE Project
The SUKE project is supervised by Projek Lintasan Kota Holdings Sdn Bhd (PROLINTAS).
PROLINTAS was incorporated on 19th January 1995. It was created as an investment holding company
with a focus in infrastructure development. The core activities of its subsidiaries are design, construction,
operation, and maintenance of highways. PROLINTAS is wholly owned by Permodalan Nasional Berhad
(PNB).
PROLINTAS has a vision of being the leading highway concessionaire in Malaysia, and the
mission of building highways that will become the main crux of motorists and commuters. As of 14th April
2021, the are seven board of directors seated at the top of the company.
PROLINTAS has an excellent resume of five completed highway projects that are still in use. The
highways are the Ampang-Kuala Lumpur Elevated Highway, the Guthrie Corridor Expressway, the
Kemuning-Shah Alam Highway, the Kajang SILK Highway and the Damansara-Shah Alam Elevated
Expressway. The company also has an asset development subsidiary company named Turnpike Synergy
Sdn Bhd.
5
3. Findings
No.
Facts
Ideas
Learning Issues
Action Plan
1.
-Crane toppled,
- No proper
- There should be a
- Company must
killing not only
boundary of
boundary of no-
ensure that size
workers but
construction work
entry zone for non-
construction area
civilians as well.
zone.
workers so that
includes prediction
- No proper
civilians are safe.
of accidents so that
maintenance of on-
- Employers should
civilians aren’t
site equipment
assure the
caught up in
(crane)
conditions of
accidents.
construction
- Proper
equipment
maintenance
regularly.
schedule of
construction
equipment to
prevent failures.
2.
-Employee work
-Maintenance crew
-Employers should
-Provide correct
without
is not qualified to
educate employees
safety measures
qualification for
maintain equipment
on the correct
suitable to
safety measure for
construction type
the type and
and area.
machinery usage.
method of
construction.
3.
- Road below
-Company fails to
-Correct SOP must
-Company must
construction site
address safety
be inspected by
inspect the SOP of
was open for
issues of equipment
employers before
maintenance of
public use during
maintenance in case
any maintenance or
construction
crane
of accident.
construction work
equipment to
is carried out.
prevent accidents or
maintenance.
equipment failures.
Risk assesment is more appropriate.
6
4.
- Similar incidents
-Company fails to
-Company should
-Conduct effective
occur multiple
provide an effective
conduct a full risk
risk analysis before
times at the
risk analysis of the
analysis of
beginning
construction area
work site.
construction area
construction work.
before this.
before allowing
employees to work.
5.
- No alternate
- Company/Dosh
- Company/Dosh
-Provide alternate
route provided for
fails to provide an
should provide
route, or method to
civilians that
effective solution to
alternate route, or
ensure safety while
depended on the
the safety of the
method to ensure
construction is
construction site
worksite.
safety while
ongoing.
route.
construction is
ongoing.
Monitoring from enforcement agency for MEGA
project.
7
4. Analysis and Discussion
The first impression of the accident that was immediately pointed out is that the accident should
not had occurred in the scale that happened. The main issue of the accident was that three workers died but
including a normal civilian as well in the victim list. Since the accident occurred in a restricted construction
zone, no normal civilian should have access to the construction area, especially during work or
maintenance. According to a news from The Malaysian Reserve, Works Minister Dato’ Seri Fadillah Yusof
stated that negligence was partly at fault. We found that the was no proper upheld of the Standard of
Procedures (SOP) during the maintenance work which violates OSHA 1994 15.2.e, where they are
responsible in ensuring the health and welfare of employees, so far as is practicable, safe, without risks to
health, and adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at work. According to GUIDE 2007 12.4, there
should be suitable barricade and traffic control whenever a construction is near highways or roads, which
they failed to provide by this incident.
The second issue is of the toppling of the crane itself. Malaysia is geographically located at a very
stable location, where earthquake or similar natural disasters does not occur. Thus it can be hypothesized
that the crane crash is of human error, mainly the lack, or negligence of proper maintenance of the crane,
which violates OSHA 1994 15.2.d where they need to ensure anything under the control of employees are
in proper maintained condition without risks to health. FMA 1967 also stated in section 40.1 that every
machinery should be inspected at regular periods.
Aside from the hypothesis of equipment negligence, from another angle, it could also be said that
the contractors working, or maintaining the crane, lack the proper qualifications to operate them. According
to GUIDE 2007 clause 22.1.3 where any operations must be conducted by competent firms and competent
operators. It is also stated in GUIDE 2007 clause 22.6.1 where maintenance and repair works should be
done by trained personal in compliance with manufacturers recommendation. The lack of qualifications
violates OSHA 1994 15.2.a where provision and maintenance of machinery equipment must be practicable,
safe and without risks to health. FMA 1967 clause 40.1 state that the inspector of machinery should be
approved by the Minister.
The availability of vehicles passing through the construction zone, below the crane during
maintenance is also a blatant misconduct of SOP. According to Dato’ Seri Fadillah from a news report,
when a launcher crane is in operation, the SOP is to always close the road below it from the public. Since
a civilian is caught in the accident where they were passing through below the crane during maintenance,
it is clear that this SOP was not complied with. GUIDE 2007 clause 22.1.10 also stated that before any
hoisting operation is underway, the danger zone should be established where it should be shut off, or if it
8
extends beyond the worksite, sufficient public control should be exercised, which was not the case. The
conduct violates OSHA 1994 17.1 where employer and employees has the responsibility to make sure any
conduct is practicable and does not expose any other person to the risk of their work.
This was however not the only incident that occurred in the SUKE project. In the same month
alone, there was another accident that occurred. According to a report from BERNAMA which compiled
the number of accidents at the SUKE project since 2018, there were a total of seven accidents, although
only the latter two, including this incident were fatal accidents. GUIDE 2007 clause 9.0 states that before
any construction work is carried out, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control should be
carried out while adhering to the principles of risk assessment as listed in the guide. Thus, we assume that
PROLINTAS fails to provide an effective risk analysis of the work site, especially in recent years, since
the older accidents were non-fatal accidents only, violating OSHA 1994 15.1 where employers need to
ensure the safety, health and welfare of all employees where practicable.
Finally, before this incident occurred, it was reported that there was no alternate route provided for
the civilians that had only this route for their daily commute connecting their homes to their workplaces.
We can refer back to GUIDE 2007 clause 12.4 where if there is a construction site close to highways or
route, suitable and sufficient warning signs need to be set up to direct traffic to slow down or away from
the designated area, where special traffic control should be exercised if deemed necessary. It is reported in
the SUKE website in a statement that an alternate route is provided as a temporary measure during
investigations of the accident, and the route is going to be used again after investigations concluded. No
effective scheduling of route opening and closing hours is provided, if alternate route proves to be an
unviable option, producing more risk in the future. It can be seen as failure to provide an effective solution
to the safety of the worksite. This statement violates OSHA 1994 15.2.b and 17.2 where the company failed
to ensure the safety, where practicable, of its employees and also non-employees by providing an effective
plan or information, causing safety risks.
9
5. Recommendations – Improvements and Preventions Methods
According to the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA), one out of every 5 deaths
in workplace come from construction workplace. Even though it may be a safe occupation, employees
should remember of the hazards, and use an efficient safety and health program. here are some more specific
ways or additional specific ways that construction employers and workers will act in order to unravel the
accident implications at a construction website.
5.1. Provide safety coaching for all workers.
Employers must be compelled to offer coaching and directions to workers to make sure that they're
able to do their tasks safely and while not risks their health. Employees ought to be fitly trained of all aspects
of their job from the foremost menial to the riskiest activities within the workplace. Suitable worker
coaching will cut back incidents and accidents that successively will result in reduced prices, lower
insurance premiums and fewer potential lawsuits. it might conjointly promote a healthier, safer and happier
workers.
5.2. Hold frequent crew safety conferences.
Safety conferences area unit a chance to review numerous safety protocols and make sure that new
workers area unit alert to safety measures. Team leaders and supervisors must be up to date on any changes
and may recommend changes supported events on the duty website.
5.3. Utilize protecting wear and kit.
Because construction website accidents occur despite the fact that safety measures area unit in site,
it's vital to wear safety gear (personal protection equipment). Basic safety gear for building construction
sites includes steel-toed boots, eye protection, hearing protection, exhausting hats and harnesses. In some
cases, it's going to even be necessary to wear masks and gloves.
5.4. Maintain the instrumentation and tools
Equipment accidents are common on construction sites. correct instrumentation maintenance will
cut back the danger of accidents involving instrumentation.
10
5.5. Prevent falls
Falls are one among the foremost common causes of injury and death on construction sites. Fall
protection protocols and fall protection instrumentation ought to be obligatory for all workers. Although
the existing legislation in Malaysia does not provide specific definition of “work at height”, the consensus
accepted internationally is 1.8 meters above ground, where harness is required at 10 feet or 3.048 meters
and scaffolding at 4 meters and above.
5.6. Recognize the hazard and create arrange.
Conduct risk assessment to identify hazard or risk that may cause incident in workplace and find
the appropriate ways to control the risk or eliminate the hazard. Supervisors, safety groups, or different
leaders ought to conduct worksite inspections daily to spot any potential dangers or hazards. Dangers and
hazards ought to be eliminated or self-addressed forthwith.
5.7. Regular break
Regular breaks and lunch breaks ought to be implemented. Some workers might want to work
through breaks or lunch to shorten the workday or earn overtime. However, fatigue and failure to hydrate
will increase the danger of construction website accidents.
5.8. Conduct a workplace safety audit.
A workplace safety and health audit are the method of examining a particular space of the
workplace to spot any hazards which will be place workers in danger. This method may be either be a casual
walk round the business or a proper planned review. An audit may be a documented methodology of
reviewing a business’ systems of safe work as they're meted out within workplace, to establish whether
they adjust to legislative needs, or whether they must be compelled to be amended. Auditing examines
every stage in OH&S management system by measuring compliance with the controls the organization has
developed, with the last word aim of assessing their effectiveness and their validity for the long run.
11
6. Conclusion
The construction sector in Malaysia has played a role an important role in Malaysia's industrial
development. It gives a boost to strong economic growth with the growth and development of the
construction industry. However, sound and safety the working environment does not complement strong
economic growth construction sector, when statistics from DOSH show workers in Malaysia. The
construction sector experienced the second highest number of occupational accidents after the
manufacturing sector and the highest number of fatalities annually. Because of this scenario, the
government intervened by drafting several parties the law, the most important of which is the Occupational
Safety and Health Act, which, came into force in 1994 (OSHA 1994). Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA) provides general guidelines on how to create a safe environment at work. Subsequently many
regulations, guidelines and codes of practice which provided more detailed provisions were introduced
under OSHA 1994.
Based on the discussion on this issue, we find that workers in the construction industry are exposed
to various hazards and face the risk of death or injury while working because they are not follow the
prescribed SOP, lack of knowledge and lack of supervision as seen in the SUKE project crane accident.
Various efforts that can be implemented to reduce accidents in the construction industry. This research
proposes an approach that can assist ongoing efforts aimed at reducing mortality and accident rates in the
construction industry. That is to provide safety guidance for all workers, hold regular crew safety
conferences, using protective gear and clothing, take care of equipment and tools. Besides that, conduct a
workplace safety audit and follow HIRARC (Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control).
12
7. References
1. Laws of Malaysia. (2006). Act 514, Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (2nd reprint). Malaysia:
Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Bhd.
2. Laws of Malaysia. (2006). Act 139, Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (3rd reprint). Malaysia: Percetakan
Nasional Malaysia Bhd.
3. Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (2007). Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at
Construction Sites (1st revision). Malaysia: Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Bhd.
4. Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (2007). Guidelines for the Prevention of FALLS at
Workplaces (1st revision). Malaysia: Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia.
5. Three workers from China killed in construction site accident in Kuala Lumpur. (2021, Mar.22). The
Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/three-workers-from-china-killed-in-constructionsite-accident-in-kuala-lumpur
6. Chronology of accidents at highway construction sites since 2018. (2021, Mar.22). Bernama.
https://www.bernama.com/en/crime_courts/news.php?id=1944298
7. Zack, J. (2021, Mar. 22). SUKE: Three foreign workers killed, one road user injured following crane
collapse. The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/03/22/suke-three-foreign-workerskilled-one-road-user-injured-following-crane-collapse
8. Aziz, A. (2021, Mar. 22). Negligence among reasons for fatal incident at SUKE. The Malaysian Reserve.
https://themalaysianreserve.com/2021/03/22/negligence-among-reasons-for-fatal-incident-atsuke/#:~:text=THE%20accident%20which%20claimed%20the,Minister%20Datuk%20Seri%20Fadillah%
20Yusof.
9. Prolintas vows full cooperation over SUKE crane collapse in Cheras. (2021, Mar. 23). Malay Mail.
https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/03/23/prolintas-vows-full-cooperation-on-sukeconstruction-site-after-crane-colla/1960135
10. Malaysian authorities suspend Kuala Lumpur highway project after fatal crane accident (2021,
Mar.23). The Straits Times. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-authorities-suspendkuala-lumpur-highway-project-after-fatal-crane-accident
11. Prolintas. (n.d.) Corporate Info. Retrieved April 12, 2021 from http://www.prolintas.com.my/.
13
12. Official Website Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (n.d.) Hoisting Machine Design.
Retrieved April 13, 2021 from https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/services/enforcement/approval-andauthorisation/hoisting-machine-design.
13. Official Website Department of Occupational Safety and Health. (n.d.) Work at Height. Retrieved
March 13, 2021 from https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/construction-safety-v/work-at-height.
14. SUKE: Three foreign workers killed, one road user injured following crane collapse. (2021, Mar. 22).
The Star. Retrieved April 13, 2021 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59nixkpq5yo&ab_channel=TheStar
15.PROLINTAS Group. (2019). #SUKE 3D Flythrough (English Version). Youtube. Retrieved April 13,
2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVayWp6hq5Q&ab_channel=PROLINTASGroup
14
8. Appendices
15
16
17
18
19