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Group 6 Narrative Report:
Antido, Regie| Calipjo, James Bryant | Geronimo, Liann Gem
Magdasal, Jewel Dian | Quezada, Mariz Gihad | Umali, Sheryl Anne B.
PRE-ACTIVITY
Pre-activity: Search, use, identify!
Look through the puzzle for at least 5 words and compose a phrase for each one. Then
figure out which phrasal group they fit into. Put NP in place of phrasal noun, VP in place
of phrasal verb, AdjP in place of phrasal adjective, AdvP in place of phrasal adverb, and
PP in place of phrasal prepositions. Put it after the sentence. Underline the word you’ve
chosen.
1. Finally, I can buy a shoes
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Introduction
Language is systematic. It has a system for generating sounds and combining them.
Additionally, it has a system of words, a word's structure, a sentence structure, and a
system of meaning-making in and out of context.
We studied word classes in the previous lesson, including functional and lexical
classifications. We've learned to distinguish between the two regarding whether a word
is functional or lexical, right? Additionally, we learned how these words are utilized in
sentences. For this session, we will step it up a notch higher and study phrases and the
phrasal groups to which they belong.
Have you ever noticed how, as children, we could only sound out syllables before we
could utter particular words? We continued to develop our linguistic and communication
skills by combining those words into phrases to convey a point. Finally, we were able to
construct sentences by stitching together the phrases we generated.
This realization alone implies that phrases play vital role in our speech production as well
as in our writing skills. When we think and comprehend, talk and write, we deal with
phrases. As mentioned in the previous discussions, we parse our thoughts and store
information in chunks. We do this in order to process everything just right, not too little
(word by word) or too much (whole sentences), just right.
For instance, try to describe a forest. More likely we might say the following:
• There are many tall trees.
• Wild animals live in it.
• The thick grasses covered the ground.
Notice that when we think of a forest, we do not think of the things we see in the forest
word by word, but we think about them in chunks (phrases). For example, the trees and
what we associate with them. Likewise, when we comprehend messages that is being
spoken or directed toward us. We process the message in chunks and store the
information slowly. Moreover, we also speak and write in phrases before we combine
them to create a sentence.
Why are we going to discuss phrases if they are just a group of words then? We need to
study them closely about them because phrases are more than that. There are different
phrasal categories, as well as various parts, types, functions and purposes of a certain
phrasal group. Additionally, we are also going to learn how to write them and how they
behave in a sentence.
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Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a
person, place, thing, or idea. A noun phrase is a small group of words which contains a
noun but doesn't contain a verb. A noun phrase usually contains a noun plus other words
to describe it. Noun phrases are simply noun with modifiers. Like all nouns, a noun phrase
can be a subject, object and prepositional object, or compliment. Similarly, noun phrases
can also work in a sentence as adjectives, participles, infinitives, and prepositional or
absolute phrases. Noun phrases are important for adding more detail to a noun.
Parts of a Noun Phrase
A noun phrase has two parts: a noun, and any modifiers connected to that noun.
Most often, these modifiers will be adjectives, articles, and prepositional phrases. The
modifiers may also be determiners.
a) Noun
A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. All noun phrases will have core noun, with
modifiers connected to it.
Example: Amy gets a dictionary inside the room to find the meaning of love.
The four nouns in this sentence are a person, thing, place and idea, respectively.
b) Modifier – Article
There are only three articles in modern English: a, an, the. An article is always
connected to a noun, and so when one is used it is always part of a noun phrase.
Example 1: The dam is deeper after it rains.
In this example, the noun phrase contains a noun dam and an article the. The noun
phrase the dam is the subject of the sentence.
Example 2: A tall tree stands on the lakeside.
This noun phrase begins with the article a. The article is attached to the noun
tree. In between these two words is the adjective tall. The article and the adjective
are both modifiers describing the noun in the noun phrase a tall tree.
c) Modifier – Adjective
An adjective is a word that describes nouns or pronouns.
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Example 1: The old man gets angry.
The adjective old is describing man. The two words combine to make a noun
phrase, which is the subject of the sentence.
Example 2. Many people want to have a safe and sound life.
This noun phrase has two adjectives: safe and sound. Each adjective modifies
the noun life. They describe what kind of lives people want.
d) Modifier – Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and
ends with an object. They add details, such as where something is or when an event
occurred.
Example 1: The book in the library is full of revelations.
This noun phrase includes the prepositional phrase in the library. It is giving us
a detail about the noun book – where it is located. The noun phrase in this example is
the subject of the sentence.
Example 2: My little sister always loved watching fairies in the movie.
The prepositional phrase in the movie modifies (describes) the noun fairies.
The noun and prepositional phrase combine to make the noun phrase fairies in the
movie.
e) Determiner
A determiner is a word that clarifies a noun. It is used to differentiate between
similar nouns. Determiners answer questions such as; Which one? Whose? How
many? or How much?
Example 1: Those animals are amazing!
The determiner those tells us which animals are amazing. The noun
phrase those animals is the subject of the sentence.
Example 2: I think I am in love with your sister.
In this sentence your is clarifying to which person I am in love with. The
noun phrase your sister is the indirect object of the sentence.
Example 3: I recognized all racers as some of the higher-ranking figures in the racing
industry.
The noun racer is modified by the determiner all. The determiner all
answers the question how many racers? The noun phrase all racers is the
subject of the sentence.
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Types of Noun Phrase
a) Noun Phrase as a Subject
A subject is a noun that the sentence is about.
Example: The mountain climbers spent a few days acclimatizing themselves to the high
altitude.
This sentence is clearly about the duration of the mountain climbers
acclimatizing themselves, and so the mountain climbers is the subject of the
sentence.
b) Noun Phrase as a Complement
A compliment re-states or gives more information about a noun. It always
follows a state-of-being verb (is, are, am, will be, was, were).
Example: A mountaineer’s best friend is a large, high mountain.
The noun phrase a large, high gives us more information about the
mountaineer’s best friend, the mountain. Therefore, it acts as a complement to
the noun phrase best friend.
c) Noun Phrase as a Direct Object
A direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb.
Example: My father cooked a meal for five people, even though there were only two of
us.
The verb in this sentence is cooked, and the object that is being cooked is
a meal. The rest of the phrase for five people creates a noun phrase that acts
as a direct object.
d) Noun Phrase as an Indirect Object
An indirect object receives the direct object.
Example: Analisa gave her hungry, crying baby a bottle of milk.
The noun phrase answers the question who did Analisa give the bottle
to? The phrase her hungry, crying baby is the indirect object because it
receives the bottle of milk (a bottle of milk is the direct object because it is
receiving the action gave).
f) Noun Phrase Plus to-Infinitive
A noun phrase can be used as a to-infinitive to show something that might
be a necessity or possibility.
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Example: The ability to give respect to others is an important character trait.
The noun phrase in the sentence is the ability to give respect to others.
How to Write Noun Phrase
A noun phrase centers on a noun. But that noun may be described by adding
modifiers, and adding modifiers to a noun creates a noun phrase. You will quickly note
that many nouns have articles (a, an, the) attached to them.
Examples:
Babies sleep a lot. (no noun phrase)
The dog (article + noun)
The fluffy, long-haired Chow Chow (article +adjectives + noun)
The dog on the mat is sleeping. (article + noun + prepositional phrase)
The pretty girl is crying. (determiner + adjective + noun)
Verb Phrase
It includes or links the helping verb or commonly known as “auxiliary” which modifies
the main verb. Verb phrases express an idea but cannot stand alone as a sentence.
They can only include modifiers, complements, and direct or indirect objects as
complete verb phrases.
EXAMPLE:
A) I will bake a cake for my mom
B) Shaian will walk to work today
C) Bong-Bong is writing a new book
D) Leni is slicing the cake
Even without the helping verbs, you can still create a verb phrase yet it can only
be form in their present or past verb tenses.
EXAMPLE:
A) I baked a cake for my mom
B) Shaian walked to work today
C) The author is wrote a new book
D) Leni sliced the cake
There are two types of Verb Phrases which is the finite and the non-finite “Finite
verbs” express/shows agreement with a subject and it is marked for tense.
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For example: Shaian love gummies.
Shaian loves gummies.
Shaian loved gummies.
“The example shown above was consist of a Subject and it shows tense that’s why it is
called Finite verb.”
Let’s tackle about the Non-finite verbs. In this type of verb phrase, the main verb can
be a “participle, gerund, or infinitive”. It doesn’t act as the main verb and also it doesn’t
indicate any tense mood or gender.
Three types of Non-finite
Participle: It starts with a participle and it acts as an adjective. A participle is an
adjective that has been created from a verb
Example:
V
Take Takes Took Taking Taken -
Form
(Base form)
(+S form )
(Past form)
(Present participle form)
(Past participle form)
Gerund: These phrases act like a noun and start with a verb ending with an "ing". They
can be subjects or objects.
Example:
Standing is tiring – the underlined word is used as a subject.
She considered quitting - the underlined word is used as a indirect object.
My mom spent countless hours cooking sinigang - the underlined word is used as a
direct object
Infinitive: Verbs begins with “To” acts like a noun, adjective or adverb.
Example:
Verb Form
A) To jump, up and down is fun
B) My dog knows how to sit and jump
C) To whistle is very hard for someone.
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Adverb Phrase
Adverbs are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and
adjectives. A simple adverb phrase usually contains an adverb and at least one other
word before or after it, though a prepositional phrase or infinitive phrase can also act as
an adverbial. An adverbial phrase is a group of words that functions as an adverb.
Adverbial phrases contrast with adverbial clauses and single-word adverbs. Unlike an
adverbial clause, an adverbial phrase does not contain a subject and a verb. An adverb
phrase consists of one or more words. The adverb is the head of the phrase and can
appear alone or it can be modified by other words. However, adverbs can also be
phrases, some made with prepositions, others made with infinitives.
Types and Meanings of Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase can consist of one adverb or an adverb plus other word before
it (premodification) or after it (post modification). Adverb phrases have many different
meanings.
a) Frequency. How often something happens.
Example: People almost never get out of their houses these days.
b) Purpose. Adverbs answer the question Why?
Example: James bought the car for his brother.
c) Manner. How something happens.
Example: We walked very watchfully across the floor.
d) Place. where something happens
Example: The man who lives next door is a nurse.
e) Time. when something happens
Example: We must finish our narrative report before the deadline.
f) Focusing. Something specific
Example: Only half a spoon of sugar, please.
g) Degree. How much or to what degree something happens
Example: That dog behaves incredibly stupidly!
h) Certainty or Necessity. How certain or necessary something is
Example: The bus will possibly be late.
i) Evaluative. The speaker’s opinion of something
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Example: Unluckily for me, I can’t write in a nice way.
j) Viewpoint. the speaker’s perspective or reaction
Example: Personally, the best thing to do is to forget that person.
k) Linking. relationships between clauses and sentences
Example: It rained very heavily these past few weeks. Therefore, many of the
vegetables were wasted.
When we are going to modify a verb or an adverb (including an adverbial phrase
and an adverbial clause) we usually describe when, where, how, or why something
happens.
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When (Adverbial Phrase of Time)
An adverbial phrase of time states when something happens or how often.
Example:
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Where (Adverbial Phrase of Place)
An adverbial phrase of place states where something happens.
Example:
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You can now put your stuffs in my room.
To see the artist, Jessy climbed on the table.
This beauty products are available in all places.
How (Adverbial Phrase of Manner)
An adverbial phrase of manner states how something is done.
Example:
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I'll do my activities in a minute.
After the conference, the students who attend will have a group work.
It is a blessing to wake up every day.
She left with a smile on her face.
She sings in a high register.
My mother cut the rope with a pair of scissors.
Why (Adverbial Phrase of Reason)
An adverbial phrase of reason states why something is done.
Example:
He went to his favorite place to unwind.
She performs to impress the judges.
He did his best in order to survive.
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The Format of Adverb/Adverbial Phrases
There are three common formats for adverbial phrases:
1) Prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is headed by a preposition (e.g.,
"in," "on," "near," "by," "with").
For example: He was sleeping on the couch.
She is answering the question with strong conviction.
2) Infinitive phrase. An infinitive phrase is headed by an infinitive verb (e.g., "to
play," "to jump").
For example: I am saving my money to buy a house and lot.
Emerson bought a blue paint to paint his room.
3) An adverb with an intensifier. An adverb with an intensifier (e.g., "very,"
"extremely," "really") is also an adverbial phrase.
For example: He pull the ribbon very carefully.
He was so upset.
In addition, there are other formats.
For example: Jenny arrived a day earlier than expected.
My mother paid him every month.
If you have a group of words that is functioning as an adverb and that doesn't
feature a subject and a verb (meaning it's not an adverbial clause), then you're looking
at an adverbial phrase.
Prepositional Phrase
A prepositional phrase is a group of words consisting of a preposition, its object, and any
words that modify the object. Most of the time, a prepositional phrase modifies a verb or
a noun. These two kinds of prepositional phrases are called adverbial phrases and
adjectival phrases, respectively.
At a minimum, a prepositional phrase consists of one preposition and the object it
governs. The object can be a noun, a gerund (a verb form ending in “-ing” that acts as a
noun), or a clause.
Example:
He arrived in time.
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Is she really going out with that guy?
To these two basic elements, modifiers can be freely added.
Example:
Example:
He arrived in the nick of time.
Is she really going out with that tall, gorgeous guy?
Some of the most common prepositions that begin prepositional phrases are to, of, about,
at, before, after, by, behind, during, for, from, in, over, under, and with.
Prepositional Phrases That Modify Nouns
When a prepositional phrase acts upon a noun, we say it is
behaving adjectivally because adjectives modify nouns. A prepositional phrase that
behaves adjectivally is called, quite logically, an adjectival phrase.
Example:
Example:
Example:
The cat in the middle is the cutest.
I always buy my milk from the convenience store on Main Street.
My mother has always wanted to live in a cabin by the lake.
In the first of these sentences, in the middle answers the question of which cat the writer
thinks is the cutest. Similarly, on Main Street gives us information about which store the
writer is describing, and by the lake tells us what kind of cabin the writer’s mother is
dreaming about. All of these adjectival phrases provide specificity to a noun in order to
enhance our understanding.
Prepositional Phrases That Modify Verbs
When a prepositional phrase acts upon a verb, we say it is behaving adverbially because
adverbs modify verbs. A prepositional phrase that behaves adverbially is called
an adverbial phrase.
Example:
Example:
To find the person who stole the last cookie, look behind you.
Harry drank his Butterbeer with fervor.
In the first sentence, behind you answers the question “Look where?” In the second, with
fervor answers the question “Drank how?”
Prepositional Phrases Acting as Nouns
Less frequently, prepositional phrases can function like nouns in a sentence.
Example:
Example:
During the national anthem is the worst time to blow your nose.
After the game will be too late for us to go to dinner.
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RECOGNIZING PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
What is a preposition? A preposition shows position, relationship, or direction. It is a “little”
word expressing physical position (on, in, over, under, between, etc.) or position in time
(until, after, during, etc.) or some other relationship with another person or thing (for, with,
beside, near, etc.).
Common prepositions:
about
above
across
after
against
along
among
around
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but
(except)
by
concerning
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like
near
of
off
on
onto
outside
over
past
since
through
till
to
toward
under
until
up
upon
with
within
without
Prepositions are part of a group of words called a prepositional phrase. A prepositional
phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun or a pronoun. Examples of
prepositional phrases are “in our house” and “between friends” and “since the war.”
Sentences are often filled with prepositional phrases:
The dog ran down the path, over a rotting log, under the red painted bridge, along
the rushing river, and into the dense wood.
The noun or pronoun at the end of a prepositional phrase is given a more specific name.
It is called the object of the preposition. Pronouns, then, that are objects of prepositions
are in the objective case, or objective pronouns. These pronouns are in the objective
case: me, him, her, them, us, whom. It is correct to say, “I bought the presents for my
brother and him” and “The boss offered the raise to George and me.”
Commonly Used Prepositional Phrases
There are certain prepositions that we use more often than others. They pop up in our
daily speech and writing. Let’s take a look at some of them in the context of
prepositional phrases:
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According to the weather forecast
Across many deserts
After many tries
Amid the confusion
Around the world
Before we start the meeting
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between a rock and a hard place
by the light of the moon
like a beautiful swan
near the ocean
of my boss
off the top
out the door
Through the looking glass
To the amusement park
Prepositional Phrases as Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns, pronouns, and other adjectives. They can be simple words
that provide more detail. For example, “The old book sounded so intriguing.” However,
prepositional phrases can also act as adjectives, providing additional detail about
nouns. Take a look at the manner in which they can tell us more about the nearby noun
(indicated in italics):
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The book with the tattered cover has been read many times.
All the passengers aboard the runaway train were frightened.
The present inside the big box is mine.
Our boss put out a memo regarding the new rule.
The clues within the first few chapters will lead to the murderer.
His is only one voice among many, but it will be heard.
The extra blanket is in the box under the bed.
Saul, unlike many others, will remain there.
The car beside the red one is the one I want to buy.
The area outside the boundary is dangerous to cross.
All rooms below deck are for sleeping.
Tell me the story about the dragon slayer
Prepositional Phrases as Adverbs
While adjectives modify nouns, adverbs modify verbs and other adverbs. They, too, can
be simple words. For example, “She frantically raced for the door.” Prepositional
phrases can also act as adverbs, providing additional detail about verbs (indicated in
italics). Here are some examples:
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Racing toward the finish line, Sarah realized she just might win.
My shopping list needs to be put into my purse.
The balloon drifted up the stairs.
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Put the fresh flowers on a high shelf.
Our team won against all odds.
The tiger crept over the grass.
We will order pizza during halftime.
I will climb up the highest mountain tomorrow.
I love to take my truck off the road.
The baby cried well into the night.
Powerful Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases are built upon tiny little words like “of,” “at,” “to,” and “in.” And, yet,
they take on so many roles. They provide us with more information, act as adjectives,
and stand in as adverbs.
Conclusion
The same words used in a sentence may or may not only serve a single function. Words
can belong to one or more-word classes depending on how it is ordered or how it is
employed in the sentence. This is why phrases are helpful in identifying the role of a word
and its meaning.
So far, we have learned that phrasal categories include a collection of elements or a group
of words that behave and function similarly. Moreover, a phrasal group always contain a
head element which determines the phrasal category to which it belongs. As phrases are
considered to be a constituent of a sentence, it only means that sentences cannot be
successfully formed without them.
The importance of studying the phrasal categories is that it enables us to study the syntax
of a language more precisely. By mastering the rules that govern the use of a language,
it will be a lot easier for us to learn it and achieve a certain degree of accuracy and fluency
in using it both in speaking and in writing. Thus, it helps us to construct sentences that
will effectively communicate the message we want to convey to other people.
Post activity: What Phrase?
A. Identify the Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, Adjective Phrase, Adverb Phrase and,
Prepositional Phrase in the given poem.
She folded her life like an origami.
Made what was large into something so small,
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Bending and creasing her edges,
Until she filled almost no room at all,
She’d learn to always say sorry,
That she was a burden for taking up space,
And so into herself she was folded,
Locked in her own suffocating embrace,
The world tore at all her edges,
Once sharp corners had started to fray,
Now so tiny that nobody noticed,
As she slowly began to decay,
Reduced to just ashes of moments,
The wind swept her up off the floor,
And her pieces were scattered in places,
She’d not dared to inhabit before,
As her eyes took in all of the beauty,
Of a world which she’d lived life
deprived, She learnt there’s no need to
say sorry, Taking up space simple
means you’re alive.
NOUN
PHRASE
VERB
PHRASE
ADVERB
PHRASE
PREPOSITIONAL ADJECTIVE
PHRASE
PHRASE
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Answer Key: Pre-activity
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B
U
Y
NP
U
C
I
U
S
O
I
L
D
W
H
E
T
E
R
G
L
A
I
R
D
O
C
T
O
R
L
E
N
M
O
G
P
R
I
N
T
M
O
D
Y
E
X
C
E
P
T
N
C
R
E
A
R
O
U
S
I
I
K
I
X
I
N
G
T
F
H
I
G
H
E
C
R
U
E
L
T
B
U
T
S
H
O
E
L
K
I
N
G
B
U
I
L
D
I
N
AdjP
- difficult, high, amazingly, glamorous, steadily
- when, like, but, because, since, except
L
A
- created, buy, build, jump, fixing, walking, print
PP
D
W
VP
- later, soon, there, here
E
F
G
U
I
T
A
R
-mask, bird, doctor, building, shoes, guitar
AP
F
T
G
E
S
S
T
E
A
D
I
L
Y
B
E
C
A
U
S
E
ABEL 113
PHRASAL CATEGORIES
Answer Key: Post activity
Noun Phrase
SHE
SPACE
THE WORLD
THAT
NOBODY
SHE
ASHES
THE WIND
HER PIECES
HER EYES
A WORLD
LIFE
Verb Phrase
FOLDED
MADE
BENDING AND
CREASING
SHE FILLED
SHE’D LEARN
TO
SAY SORRY
LOCKED
FOR TAKING
UP
TORE
HAS STARTED
NOTICED
SLOWLY
BEGAN
REDUCED
SWEPT
WERE
SCATTERED
NOT DARED
TO INHABIT
TOOK
SHE’D LIVED
TO SAY SORRY
TAKING UP
SPACE
Adverb Phrase
HER LIFE
WAS LARGE
HER EDGES
ALMOST NO
ROOM
A BURDEN
IN HER OWN
Prepositional
Phrase
INTO
SOMETHING
AT ALL
UNTIL
ALWAYS
AND SO INTO
AT ALL HER
TO FRAY
Adjective Phrase
LIKE AN ORAGAMI
SO SMALL
SUFFOCATING
EMBRACE
SHARP CORNERS
SO TINY
NOW
TO DECAY
OF MOMENT
TO JUST
OF THE
FLOOR
HER OFF
IN PLACES
IN ALL OFF
THE BEAUTY
SIMPLE
MEANS
ASHES OF
MOMENT
SCATTERED
DEPRIVED
YOU’RE ALIVE
ABEL 113
PHRASAL CATEGORIES
References:
Anonymous (n.d.). Adverb Phrases. English Language Centre at UVIC. Retrieved from
https://continuingstudies.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/advphr
Anonymous
(n.d.).
Adverb
Phrases.
Cambridge
Dictionary.
Retrieved
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/grammar/british-grammar/adverb-phrases
from
Anonymous (n.d.). Adverbial Phrase. Grammar-Monster. Retrieved from https://www.grammarmonster.com/glossary/adverbial_phrases.htm
Anonymous
(n.d.).
Noun
Phrase.
https://englishsentences.com/noun-phrase/
Anonymous
(n.d.)
Syntax
2
Ling400.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10467678/
English
Phrasal
Sentence.
Categories.
Anonymous
(n.d.).
What
is
a
Noun
Phrase?.
https://www.twinkl.com.ph/teaching-wiki/noun-phrase
Twinkl.
Retrieved
from
Retrieved
from
Retrieved
from
Everett Community College Writing Center . (2009). Retrieved from everettcc.edu:
https://www.everettcc.edu/files/programs/communications/writingcenter/grammar/recognizing-prepositional-phrases.pdf
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/sentences/verb-phrase.html
https://literarydevices.net/verb-phrase/
Kittelstad, K. (n.d.). Noun Phrases: Definition, Purpose and Use. Your Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/nouns/noun-phrases.html
Trach, E. (n.d.). Adverb Phrase Examples. Your Dictionary.
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/adverb-phrase-examples.html
Traffis,
Retrieved
from
C.
(2021,
10
11).
grammarlyblog.
Retrieved
from
grammarly.com:
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/prepositional-phrase/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwwYLBhD6ARIsACvT72PkhQDnLDCA_-5Ognc9qIT87oV4NySJErDTZxvoJRW3CEXj5hYOncaAs2zEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds
YOURDICTIONARY. (2021, 10 11). Retrieved from examples.dictionary.com:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/prepositional-phrases-examples.html