CARBONILLA, LJ L.
TCIE 1-3
26/11/2021
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING: kindly attached this vocab exercises under Assignment 2.
1.ELECTROCHEMISTRY - is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between
electrical potential, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change,
with either electrical potential as an outcome of a particular chemical change, or vice versa.
2.OXIDATION - a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen.
[technical] Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.
3.REDUCTION - the action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
4.OXIDIZING AGENT - also known as an oxidant or oxidizer, is a substance that has the ability to oxidize
other substances — in other words to accept their electrons. Common oxidizing agents are oxygen,
hydrogen peroxide and the halogens.
5.REDUCING AGENT - one of the reactants of an oxidation-reduction reaction which reduces the other
reactant by giving out electrons to the reactant.
6.VOLTAIC CELL - is an electrochemical cell that uses a chemical reaction to produce electrical energy.
The important parts of a voltaic cell: The anode is an electrode where oxidation occurs.
7.ELECTROLYSIS - chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or
solution containing ions.
8.ELECTROPLATING - a process that adds a surface layer of metal to another type of metal. It's typically
used to prevent corrosion and rust and to extend the useful life of the metal underneath the
electroplated metal.
9.DRY CELL - a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable electrical devices. It was developed in
1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner, after development of wet zinc–carbon batteries by Georges
Leclanché in 1866. The modern version was developed by Japanese Sakizō Yai in 1887.
10.VOLTAGE - an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.
11.ANODE - the positively charged electrode by which the electrons leave a device.
12.CATHODE - the negatively charged electrode by which electrons enter an electrical device.
13.SALT BRIDGE - a tube containing an electrolyte (typically in the form of a gel), providing electrical
contact between two solutions.
14.ELECTRIC CURRENT - is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an
electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface
or into a control volume.
15.ELECTRICITY - a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or
protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
GAS LAWS PROBLEM SOLVING
Boyle’s Law (25 points)
1. 1.00 L of a gas at standard temperature and pressure is compressed to 473 mL. What
is the new pressure of the gas?
Given:
Initial Volume – 1.00 L
Final Volume – 473 mL
Initial Pressure – 1 atm
Find:
Final Pressure
Solution: PiVi = PfVf
Pf = PiVi / Vf
Pf = (1 atm)(1000mL)
473mL
Pf = 2.11 atm
2. In a thermonuclear device, the pressure of 0.050 liters of gas within the bomb casing
reaches 4.0 x 106 atm. When the bomb casing is destroyed by the explosion, the gas
is released into the atmosphere where it reaches a pressure of 1.00 atm. What is the
volume of the gas after the explosion?
Given:
Initial Volume – 0.050 L
Initial Pressure – 4.0 x 106 atm
Final Pressure – 1 atm
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: PiVi = PfVf
Vf = (4.0 x 106 atm) (0.050) (1)
Vf = 20000 L or 2.0 x 105 L
3. Synthetic diamonds can be manufactured at pressures of 6.00 x 104 atm. If we took
2.00 liters of gas at 1.00 atm and compressed it to a pressure of 6.00 x 104 atm, what
would the volume of that gas be?
Given:
Initial Volume – 2 L
Initial Pressure – 1atm
Final Pressure – 6 x 104 atm
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: PiVi = PfVf
Vf =
1
atm x 2 L
6 x 104
Vf = 1/3 x 10-4
Vf = 3.33 x 10-5 L
4. The highest pressure ever produced in a laboratory setting was about 2.0 x 106 atm. If
we have a 1.0 x 10-5 liter sample of a gas at that pressure, then release the pressure
until it is equal to 0.275 atm, what would the new volume of that gas be?
Given:
Initial Volume – 1.0 x 10-5 L
Initial Pressure – 2.0 x 106 atm
Final Pressure – 0.275 atm
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: PiVi = PfVf
Vf (0.275) = (2.0 x 106) (1.0 x 10-5)
0.275 Vf = 20
Vf = 20/0.275
Vf = 72.73 L
5. Atmospheric pressure on the peak of Mt. Everest can be as low as 150 mm Hg, which
is why climbers need to bring oxygen tanks for the last part of the climb. If the climbers
carry 10.0 liter tanks with an internal gas pressure of 3.04 x 104 mm Hg, what will be
the volume of the gas when it is released from the tanks?
Given:
Initial Volume – 10.0 L
Initial Pressure – 3.04 x 104 atm
Final Pressure – 150 mm Hg
Find:
Solution:
Final Volume
PiVi = PfVf
Ti
Tf
(3.04 x 104 mm Hg) (10.0 L) = (150 mm Hg) Vf
150 mm Hg
150 mm Hg
Vf = 2.03 x 103 L
Charles’ Law (25 points)
1. The temperature inside my refrigerator is about 40 Celsius. If I place a balloon in my
fridge that initially has a temperature of 220 C and a volume of 0.5 liters, what will be
the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my refrigerator?
Given:
Initial Temperature = 4 °C + 273 = 277 K
Final Volume – 0.5 L
Final Pressure – 22 °C + 273 = 295 K
Find:
Initial Volume
Solution:
Vi = Vf
Ti
Tf
Vi
= 0.5 L
227 K 295 K
Vf = 0.47 L
2. A man heats a balloon in the oven. If the balloon initially has a volume of 0.4 liters and
a temperature of 20 0C, what will the volume of the balloon be after he heats it to a
temperature of 250 0C?
Given:
Initial Temperature = 20 °C + 273 = 293 K
Initial Volume – 0.4 L
Final Pressure – 250 °C + 273 = 523 K
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: Vi = TfVi
Ti
Ti
Vf = (523 K) (0.4 L)
293 K
Vf = 0.71 L
3. On hot days, you may have noticed that potato chip bags seem to “inflate”, even though
they have not been opened. If I have a 250 mL bag at a temperature of 19 0C, and I
leave it in my car which has a temperature of 600 C, what will the new volume of the
bag be?
Given:
Initial Temperature = 19 °C + 273 = 292 K
Initial Volume – 250 mL
Final Pressure – 60 °C + 273 = 333 K
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: Vi = TfVi
Ti
Ti
Vf = (333 K) (250 mL)
292 K
Vf = 285 L
4. A soda bottle is flexible enough that the volume of the bottle can change even without
opening it. If you have an empty soda bottle (volume of 2 L) at room temperature
(25 0C), what will the new volume be if you put it in your freezer (-4 0C)?
Given:
Initial Temperature = 25 °C + 273 = 298 K
Initial Volume – 2 L
Final Pressure – 4 °C + 273 = 269 K
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: Vi = TfVi
Ti
Ti
Vf = (269 K) (2 L)
298 K
Vf = 1.80 L
5. Some students believe that teachers are full of hot air. If I inhale 2.2 liters of gas at a
temperature of 180 C and it heats to a temperature of 380 C in my lungs, what is the
new volume of the gas?
Given:
Initial Temperature = 18 °C + 273 = 291 K
Initial Volume – 2.2 L
Final Pressure – 38 °C + 273 = 311 K
Find:
Final Volume
Solution: Vi = TfVi
Ti
Ti
Vf = (311 K) (2.2 L)
291 K
Vf = 2.35 L