General Biology I
Quarter 2
Module 1
Lesson 1: ATP – ADP Cycle
What I Know
1. At the cellular level, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy source for use and storage.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate with three serially bonded phosphate groups
and a nitrogenous base (adenine).
2. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a molecule that is not only one of the most important but also one of
the most abundant in the body. ADP is a component of DNA, is required for muscle contraction, and
even aids in the healing process when a blood vessel is ruptured. Despite all of these functions, there is
one that is even more critical: storing and releasing energy within an organism.
3. The addition of water or a base that supplies the hydroxyl ion (OH-) causes chemical bonds to be
cleaved in a hydrolysis reaction. A chemical bond is cleaved, resulting in the formation of two new
bonds, each of which contains either the hydrogen (H) or hydroxyl (OH) component of the water
molecule.
4. Energy is defined as the ability to perform work, which in biology can be interpreted as the ability to
effect change.
5. Pigment is any substance that gives animals and plants their color by being present in their tissues or
cells.
6. Chromatography is a separation technique that is used to separate and identify species in a mixture.
In chromatography, the stationary phase is the substance that attracts the components and holds them
back.
7. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria produce chlorophyll, a molecule that aids in the conversion of light
energy into chemical bonds. Chlorophyll is a pigment (or molecule) that reflects some light wavelengths
while absorbing others.
8. PS I and PS II are two multi-subunit membrane-protein complexes involved in oxygenic
photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is a pigment that helps plants capture light energy. PS 1 contains
carotenoids as well as chlorophyll B, chlorophyll A-670, chlorophyll A-680, chlorophyll A-695, and
chlorophyll A-695. PS 1's active reaction center is chlorophyll A-700. Chlorophyll B, chlorophyll A-660,
chlorophyll A-670, chlorophyll A-680, chlorophyll A-695, chlorophyll A-700, phycobilins, and
xanthophylls are all present in PS 2. Photosystem 2's active reaction center is chlorophyll A-680. PS I
absorbs longer wavelengths of light (>680 nm), whereas PS II absorbs shorter wavelengths (680 nm).
Lesson 2: Chlorophyll and Other Pigments
Apply What You Have Learned
1. The most important wavelength of light is visible light, which has a wavelength range of 380–750 nm
is the most important part of the electromagnetic spectrum for life on Earth. The human eye detects it
as a variety of colors.
2. Chlorophyll absorbs light in the visible light spectrum's red (long wavelength) and blue (short
wavelength) regions. The plant appears green because green light is reflected rather than absorbed.
3. Photosystem is composed of light-harvesting complex and reaction-center complex.
4. Photosystem II was discovered after Photosystem I, but it is the one that works first in the light.
photosynthesis reaction The chlorophyll an in Photosystem II's reaction center effectively absorbs light.
P680 refers to light with a wavelength of 680nm.
5. Photosystem I is effective in absorbing light with a wavelength of 700nm, while Photosynthesis II
effectively absorbs light with a wavelength of 680 nm.
Performance Task
cholorophyll
molecule
absorbs light
energy
Assess What You Have Learned
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. C
electron of the
molecule in its
normal orbital
will be elevated
to an orbital of a
higher energy
and the
molecule is now
in excited state
the excited state
is unstable and
excited electrons
drop back down
to the ground
state
immediately
after releasing
energy in the
form of heat
5. B
Reflect
It is necessary to have a knowledge about the ADP and ATP cycle because it makes us aware how
photosynthesis is important.
I have learned that there are certain colors that the pigment absorb and reflected.
I have realized that photosynthesis is more complex that how it looks.
I will use my learning to tell other people who does not know how photosynthesis occurs.
Summative Test
1.
2.
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8.
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10.
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25.
B
A
D
C
B
C
D
D
D
B
A
C
B
B
D
C
A
B
C
A
A
D
A
C
C