BACTERIA AND VIRUSES
NOTES
Smaller
than plant &
animal cells,
larger than
viruses
uni-cellular,
(one cell)
Reproduce fast
by dividing
Prokaryotic
*DNA is not in a true
Nucleus
*only type of prokaryotic cell
BACTERIA
Live
everywhere!
Living cell
*2 Domains
Eubacteria:
common
Archaebacteria:
uncommon
Examples
Helpful:
-bacteria help digest
food
Harmful:
-some cause
disease
Can be treated by:
ANITBIOTIC
*chemicals produced by
some bacteria that slow
down the growth of
other bacteria
Smaller
than _____ &
______ cells,
larger than
________
uni-cellular,
(one cell)
Reproduce fast
by __________
Prokaryotic
*DNA is not in a ____ ________
*only type of prokaryotic cell
BACTERIA
Live
____________!
Living cell
*2 Domains
Eubacteria:
common
Archaebacteria:
uncommon
Examples
Helpful:
-bacteria help_____
food
Harmful:
-some cause
________
Can be treated by:
ANITBIOTIC
*chemicals produced by
some _______ that slow
down the growth of
other ________
Bacteria reproduce
REALLY fast!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDy
dciWc
• (If the link does not work – no problem,
skip this slide!)
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Spheres
Rods
Spirals
Helpful bacteria
Harmful bacteria
• Help with digestion
• Can cause disease
• Produce vitamin K
• Examples:
• Can produce antibiotics
to treat disease
• Help clean up messes
**Ex: oil spill
• Help make dairy
products
*Example:
cheese, milk, yogurt
-Strep throat
-E.Coli (raw meat)
-Salmonella (chicken)
-Pneumonia
Bacteria
(living)
EXAMPLES
Treatment
Antibiotics:
E.Coli
Bronchitis
Strep
Antibiotics are
produced by
bacteria and
they work to
fight other
bacteria.
Bacteria Invasion
Because of the slime layer on the outside of bacteria,
they can stick to surfaces like your teeth.
What is Gingivitis? Gingivitis is a disease
causing gums to be inflamed. They become red
and swollen, causing them to bleed easily. They
are softer than should be, which causes them to
move away from the tooth more easily (recede).
*This is one of the most common disease
in the world! WHY WOULD THIS BE?
Photograph © E.Byrne BDS DGDP (UK)
What causes Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is caused by
bacteria that create plaque
irritating the gum. When
brushing and flossing is not
done regularly, or properly,
it causes this.
Photograph © E.Byrne BDS DGDP (UK)
How serious is this gingivitis thing? With correct
treatment, it can be reversed early on. If left without
management, it becomes worse. Gums become soft and
recede from teeth, eventually allowing the bone to be
affected, and teeth to be loose. NOT GOOD!!!
Photograph © E.Byrne BDS DGDP (UK)
THIS COULD BE LlVING
ON YOUR PEARLY
WHITES!
Photo from: www.scharfphoto.com/.../archives/000613.php
CHECK THIS OUT…
http://www.edwardbyrne.com/plaque.htm
BRUSH, FLOSS, and Flouride…
…so this isn’t you!!!
Antibiotics
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iEJbtxB6w
Virus
Definition:
A strand of DNA
covered by a protein
coat
*only active in a LIVING
host cell
Reproduce by:
Invading a host cell
and copying
themselves
At the end the
host cell is:
DESTROYED!!!
VIRUS
Smaller than
bacteria and not
a living cell.
Examples:
-flu virus
-HIV virus
-polio virus
-measles/mumps
Can be prevented by:
VACCINE
*a vaccine injects part of
the virus into the
body so the blood
can recognize it and
build up a defense
Reproduce by:
Definition:
At the end the
host cell is:
VIRUS
Smaller than:
Examples:
Can be prevented
by:
Virus
(non-living)
EXAMPLES
HIV
PREVENTION
Vaccine:
•
Polio
Influenza
(flu)
•
Measles
Mumps
Covid-19
Inactive Virus Particles:
injected into an animal to
help the white blood
cells build up antibodies
that recognize the virus in
case the virus ever
invades.
mRNA Vaccine: uses
mRNA to transfer genetic
information about the
virus so the white blood
cells can build up
antibodies that recognize
the virus in case the virus
ever invades.
DISEASE
CAUSES
Protists
(living, eukaryotic)
Virus
Fungi
(non-living)
(living, eukaryotic)
Bacteria
(living, prokaryotic)