ECONOMIC HISTORY
Consultant and lecturer:
Naárné Dr. Tóth Zsuzsanna
associate professor
Testing and evaluating (2nd part of the semester):
• During the term you have to write 2 test (30 and 20 points) (18 October
and 29 November 2021)
• If you do not write the test, you can make it up during the last week of
the semester (6 December 2021)
• You can get extra 20 points if you write an essay,
which should be presented in class.
The topic: The economic history of your conuntry.
The date: 8, 15, 22 November 2021
Formal requirements of essay are:
- the font type has to beTimes New Roman
- the font has to be 12 with simple row distance
- you must use 5 different sources according to the topic
During the semester the points you earn are going to be added
together. I am going to give you the final grade.
Availability:
Naarne.Toth.Zsuzsanna.Eva@uni-mate.hu
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SUMMARY (1.)
ECONOMIC HISTORY
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Economic History:
 Being an interdisciplinary science, Economic History
encompass interactions of many
methodology, and typical sources.
disciplines
in
its
 Economic history developed its „own school” in Hungary
in the 20th century.
characterised by researchers like: Sándor
Domanovszky, Elemér Mátyus, István Hajnal,
Imre Wellmann
• their attention is mostly focused on agriculture
researchers of industry: Pál Zs. Pach, Miklós Szuhay, Iván
T. Berend, György Ránki, Miklós Incze
SECTIONING ECONOMIC HISTORY
According to the Marxian formation
theory sectioning can be based on the
dominant form of ownership.
• ancient times,
• antique and feudal times,
• capitalism
• socialism
HICKS: divided the history of economics
into two parts
• traditional economics
• market economics
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ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
The total achievement
of
the
society
concerning all the
goods and services
show an upward trend.
Is the procedure
where the economic
growth goes together
with structural or
organizational
changes.
• they
are in mutual
relationship
• not one-way processes
• they can be described and measured in an
exact way
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE is the relationship between
economic sectors, the following sectors are distinguished:
 primary sectors: agriculture, forestry, fishery.
secondary sector: industry,
 tertiary
sector: all services in the broadest term
(transport, financial, intellectual) belong here. This is the
decisive sector of postindustrial economies, and can
produce up to 80% of the economic output.
quaternery sector is also noted by some scientists
where research and development and innovation belongs
(R&D&I)
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THE EVOLUTION OF
FEUDAL ECONOMY IN
HUNGARY
(10th-13th centuries)
• the birth of Europe in its
present form can be traced
back to the middle ages
• the unity of Europe was
established through two
major factors
christianity
the feudal institutions
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St. István (997-1038)
THE STATE ORGANISATION
• the county system remained intact until the 13th century
the noble counties
THE FOUNDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE
CHURCH
• István has established 10 clerical church counties
Provided them with land donations and by
stipulating the church decimus should be
paid to the church
• an existing village structure
every 10 village has to build a church
• the construction of monasteries has started
PROPRIETORSHIP TYPICAL
István founded the basis of proprietorship typical for
middle age feudal societies.
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POPULATION MOVEMENTS, NETWORK OF
SETTLEMENTS
• the population grew to 1.2 million souls (by the end of
the 11th century)
• reached 2 million souls (by the end of the 13th century)
growth of population: • natural and
• due to immigration
• small villages
20 households
the number of villages in the
10th-11th
century
was
approximately 3-4000
• families lived in huts
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Typical unit of agriculture was the feudal household
(praedium).
land under the management of the lord was the so
called allodium
Crop production became dominant by the 12th-13th
century.
wheat, rye, millet, barley
fruit orchards
apple, pears, nuts, grape
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soil management
Controlled land use spread in the second part of the
12th century.
wooden or heavy plouhgs
scythe sickle flails
handmills (watermills)
animal husbandry
cattle sheep swine fishing hunting hors
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY
This period earmarks the gradual divergence of
agriculture and industry.
• metal industry, jewellery, glass production was
relatively developed
• pottery and forging quickly gained independece
• fur and kinerry together with timber industry maintained
its high standards.
Hungary boasted with a significant mining industry all
through the middle ages.
gold
silver salt, coal and iron
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DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE
Exchange of goods were undertaken with byzantines and
north-europeans.
In the beginnings products were directly exchanged by the owners,
the measure of value was cattle.
The largest turnover in domestic trade was on fish, wine
and salt.
The main field of trade was market.
Fairs were held on royal estates.
STATE ADMINISTRATION
The first Hungarian money, the denarius was stamped
King Istvan.
Royal incomes
incomes from the estates
royal monopolies
coin mintage, tariffs, fees
from ferries, market fees
seigniorage (lucrum camarae)
is the income from money change and money
depreciation (reduction of ore content of the coins)
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