Alright, so it was mentioned earlier that the Mayans are known for measuring time using two complicated calendar systems which are the tzolk’in calendar which was discussed earlier and the other one is Haab calendar. So “The Haab was made up of eighteen months of twenty days each, plus a period of five days at the end of the year known as Wayeb’.” So baka nagtataka kayo noh bakit may five days at the end of the year sa Haab calendar? So uhmm the maya believed na itong Wayeb daw ay unlucky days, cinoconsider nilang (ominus) ominous time itong five day period na ito which could precipitate danger, death and bad luck. Ok so let’s try to compute. Base sa given na information dyan sa screen nyo, ilang days meron sa Haab calendar? Anyone? Exactly. At ilang days meron sa present na calendar system natin? Hindi ba 365 days din normally? Unless nalang kung leap year then we’ll have 366 days in a year. So it is indeed evident that the Haab calendar is the most accurate calendar ever designed by the Maya. It is very similar or very close to the modern calendar that we are using in today’s time compared dun sa tzolk’in calendar na diniscuss kanina na meron lang 260 unique days. Now, if you’re curious how the Mayans were able to develop the Haab calendar which is a very accurate calendar system, let me share to you first the importance of paper in their time. Next slide please. Having evolved over a period of 1400 years, the Maya civilization was well on its way to develop a true science and was the most advanced of all pre-Columbian civilizations in that respect. Like the Olmec, Zapotec and Mixtec, the Maya knew how to make paper at ang tawag nila sa paper nila that time ay huun - a paper made out of the inner bark of a fig tree. They also had a pictorial script (often referred to as Maya hieroglyphs). At ito ang system of writing used by the Maya people. So by writing Maya heiroglyphs in huun or paper, the Maya were able to record all knowledge or their most valuable information on long strips of paper, which they folded harmonica-style into books - at ito po yung tinatawag nilang codices or codex. So ano-ano ba usually yung nirerecord nila sa mga codices nila? So sa Codices po nila, they document details about their religion, astronomy, agricultural cycles, history or prophecies. Unfortunately noh, nung nagkaron ng spanish colonization at isa nga sa mga nacolonized ang mga Maya, most of their works or codices written in the Mayan hieroglyphic script were destroyed as pagan by Spanish priests. At sa lahat ng codices nila, 3 lang ang nakasurvive. So these three Maya Codices are named for the places they are currently located; Madrid codex, Paris codex and Dresden codex. May isa ata akong nakitang source na 4 daw yung nakasurvive na codex at yung isa pa sa apat aside sa sinabi kong tatlo kanina is yung Grolier Codex kaso, possibly fake daw yung Grolier Codex and mostly ang nakita ko talaga sa ibat ibang sources, yung 3 lang daw yung nakasurvive. But anyways, for this discussion, we’ll give more emphasis on the Dresden Codex. Next slide please. Alright, so “The Dresden Codex, also known as Codex Dresdensis, one of the three rescued Maya books. It is believed to have been produced in the 10th century. It contains predictions of solar eclipses for centuries and a table of predicted positions of Venus and bears testimony to the advanced stage of Maya astronomy.” That time daw kasi, the Maya cities already had observatories with attached libraries at doon nila ginagawa yung kanilang mga astronomical observations. So yes ganun sila kaadvance when it comes to astronomy. “The lack of astronomical instruments was overcome by aligning stars with two objects that were separated by a large distance, a technique that achieved great accuracy of angular measurement. Dito talagang makikita natin kung gano ka smart ang mga Mayan sa astronomy at nakahanap parin sila ng paraan to study heavenly bodies. And As a result, the Maya developed the most accurate calendar ever designed.” - which is the Haab. So this is how the Haab calendar was developed. Kumbaga nadevelop sya dahil narin sa pagiging advance ng Maya astronomy. Next slide please. “The Maya studied the heavenly bodies and recorded information on the development of the sun, the moon, Venus, and the stars. Infact, yung Haab calendar was actually based on the solar cycle. Okay so, Despite the fact that there were just 365 days in the Haab year, they knew that a year was slightly longer than 365 days, calculating it to be 365.2420 days. So bakit nga slightly longer than 365 days? Kasi meron po tayong leap year. So imagine noh, they lack astronomical instruments that time and yet they were able to discover that information precisely. Indeed, Maya astronomers were very accurate and way ahead of their European counterparts.” So to add more information about Mayan astronomy and to discuss the other outstanding achievements of Meso-americans, let’s have Ms. Manada as our next reporter. El Castillo Pyramid The pyramids consist of intricate carved stone in a stair-stepped design, topped with a flat platform upon which a smaller temple was constructed to honour a particular Maya deity. the god Kukulkan, the feathered serpent Kaya tinawag din syang Pyramid of Kukulkán, the structure of this pyramid embodies Mayan myth along with natural astronomical cycles. Uayayab Gregorian calendar Yucatan http://www.huunpaper.com/about/history-of-huun/ https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-maya-codex-119012 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=xxovDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=huun+ma yan+paper+is+made+from+Ficus+cotinifolia&source=bl&ots=pWLJX8lgN_&sig=ACfU3U3SIZZ GbApReU33AGmN3rGRNCLQQQ&hl=fil&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKo5WpmMDzAhUNfnAKHcRd CuQQ6AF6BAgEAM#v=onepage&q=huun%20mayan%20paper%20is%20made%20from%20Ficus%20cotinifoli a&f=false https://www.google.com/search?q=El+Castillo+pyramid+is+famous+for&client=firefox-bd&channel=crow5&sxsrf=AOaemvLhHnye7tQL14_5H_CnbmryF0_kDw%3A1633918755405&ei =I59jYfigGIPLQbCg6WQAg&ved=0ahUKEwi4vofYpcHzAhWDZd4KHcJBCSIQ4dUDCA0&uact=5&oq=El+Cas tillo+pyramid+is+famous+for&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABOgcIABBHELADOgUIAB DLAToGCAAQFhAeOggIABAWEAoQHjoHCCEQChCgAToICCEQFhAdEB5KBAhBGABQrLsB WLjHAWDLyQFoAnACeACAAZoBiAGaDJIBBDEuMTKYAQCgAQHIAQjAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz https://www.exploratorium.edu/ancientobs/chichen/HTML/castillo.html
