Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 I. OBJECTIVES A. Content Standards B. Performance Standards The students must be able to explain electricity in terms of electric charge, voltage, current, and resistance. The students must be able to cite applications of electricity around us. Specific Objectives C. Learning Competencies/ Objectives Write the LC code for each At the end of the lesson, at least 85% of the students should be able to: a. b. c. d. e. describe the characteristics of a closed electric circuit; differentiate conventional current and electron flow; relate potential difference and current; calculate for the electric current flow in a conductor; and differentiate alternating and direct current. Topic: Electric Current Concepts: In our previous discussions we studied the interactions of electric charges at rest; now we’re ready to study charges in motion. These charges in motion are called an electric current. An electric current consists of charges in motion from one region to another. If the charges follow a conducting path that forms a closed loop, the path is called an electric circuit. II. CONTENT Fundamentally, electric circuits allow the transfer of energy from one place to another. As charged particles move within a circuit, electric potential energy is transferred from a source (such as a battery or generator) to a device in which that energy is either stored or converted to another form: into sound in a stereo system or into heat and light in a toaster or light bulb. When such a circuit is formed, charge can flow through the wires of the circuit, from one terminal of the battery to the other, as long as the conducting path is continuous. Any flow of charge such as this is called an electric current. More precisely, the electric current in a wire is defined as the net amount of charge that passes through the wire's full cross section at any point per unit time. Thus, the current I is defined as 𝑞 𝐼= 𝑡 Where q is the amount of charge that passes through the conductor at any location during the time interval, t. Since current is the movement of charge, the unit for stating the amount of current is defined in rate of flow of charge. Electric Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 current is measured in coulombs per second: this is given a special name, the ampere (abbreviated amp or A), after the French physicist Andre Ampere (1775- 1836). Thus, 1 A = 1 C/s. III. LEARNING RESOURCES A. References 1. Teacher’s Guide pages 2. Learner’s Materials pages 3. Textbook pages 4. Additional Materials from Learning Resource (LR) portal B. Other Learning Resources IV. PROCEDURES Schultz, Mitchel E., Grob’s Basic Electronics 11th. Ed., McGraw-Hill, pp. 493-496 Young, H. D., Freedman, R. A., Ford, A. L., & Sears, F. W. (2014). Sears and Zemansky's University Physics: With modern physics. San Francisco: Pearson Addison Wesley. PhET Interactive Simulations. https://phet.colorado.edu/ Routine: Opening Prayer Checking of Attendance House Rules Review: The students will answer a 5-item True or False type of quiz. A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson 1. According to Coulomb's Law, the greater the separation distance between two charges the greater the magnitude of the electric force. True or False? - False 2. Electric field is directly proportional to the charge and inversely proportional to the magnitude of electric force. True or False? - False 3. Electric force is also equal to the electric field multiply with a charge. True or False? - True 4. The electric field lines for a positive charge are always directed away from the charge. True or False? - True 5. Coulomb's Law states that the electric force is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them. True or False? - False This activity will be taken for 5 minutes. B. Establishing a purpose for the Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 lesson Engage: Water Pump Analogy The students will watch a GIF and answer the following questions: 1. Will the water flow without any pressure or force? Possible Answer: No 2. What happens when you connect a pump to the pipe? Possible Answer: The water will start flowing. When the pump is on, the pressure created by the pump drives the water to flow to the pipe. You can see that when you join the pump the water is continuously flowing from the tub to the pipe and back into the tub. Now, consider this pipe as a wire, the water molecules as electrons and the pump as the battery. The students will watch a GIF again and answer the following questions: 1. What happens when the battery is connected to the wires? (Recall what happened when the pump was connected to the pipe) Possible Answer: In the exact same thing, when the battery is connected to the wire, the electric charge (electron) starts moving. Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 2. Why do these electron move/flow? (Recall lesson about potential difference/voltage) Possible Answer: They move due to the potential difference/voltage created by the battery. This activity will be taken for 10 minutes. C. Presenting examples/insta nce of the new lesson The teacher will introduce the lesson and the lesson objectives. Explore: The teacher will facilitate learning of the following concepts using inquiry based approached with the aid of simulations using PhET Interactive Simulations. D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1 1. In the diagram, can you tell the different components of a circuit? Voltage source (AC/DC), in this case a battery which is an example of DC energy source. In an electrical circuit, the power source provides the voltage (the force that pushes electrons through a conductor -- measured in volts) and current (the rate of flow of electrons -- measured in amperes) to energize a device attached to the circuit. The conductor, in this case the wire. It provides the path of the circuit, on which the energy flows. The conductor (conduction) system interconnects all of the other parts of the circuit. The load, in this case the bulb. Any device attached to an electrical circuit that is activated or energized by the flow of electricity to it, provides the electrical load on the circuit. The load is the amount of electrical energy the device uses to complete its task. The switch. The switch provides the control that closes (continues) or opens (breaks) the electrical energy flow on the circuit. 2. Using the simulation, what are the conditions needed to have an electric current in a circuit? Voltage source (battery). Closed circuit. Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 3. How will you describe a closed circuit? There is no broken path in a closed circuit; all the components and power sources are connected in a closedloop. Current flows from the source to the load along the direction of the wire/conductor. Energy transfer from source to load is possible. 4. In the diagram, how will you describe the direction of the flow of electrons in a circuit? It moves counter-clockwise. The electron flows from the negative pole, which is the black end of the battery going to the positive pole. This flow of charge from negative to positive is called an electron flow. 5. If we change it to conventional, how will you describe now the flow of the current? It moves clockwise. 6. How will you describe the flow of current outside the battery in conventional current flow? The current comes from the positive pole of the battery to the negative pole. 7. How many ways can the current flow through the circuit? There is a single pathway for the current to flow through the circuit (clockwise if conventional current and counterclockwise if electron-flow). 8. How will you relate potential difference/voltage and current? They are directly proportional with each other. When you increase the voltage, the current will also increase. Explain: Determining the rate of flow of the charges in a conductor. The electric current in a wire is defined as the net amount of charge that passes through the wire's full cross section at any point per unit time. Thus, the current I is defined as 𝑞 𝐼= 𝑡 E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 Where q is the amount of charge that passes through the conductor at any location during the time interval, t. Since current is the movement of charge, the unit for stating the amount of current is defined in rate of flow of charge. Electric current is measured in coulombs per second: this is given a special name, the ampere (abbreviated amp or A), after the French physicist Andre Ampere (1775- 1836). Thus. 1 A = 1 C/s. The teacher will facilitate applying the formula and concepts in determining the rate of flow of the charges in a conductor. Example 1: Find the current in the lamp if a charge of 1700 C Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 passes in 1.5 minutes. Example 2: How many electrons are passing through a section of a conductor per second if the current is 2A? F. Developing mastery (leads to Formative Assessment 3) Seatwork: 1. A steady current of 2.5 A exists in a wire for 4.0mins. a. How much total charge passed by a given point in the circuit during those 4.0 minutes? b. How many electrons would this be? 2. A service station charges a battery using a current of 6.7 A for 5.0 h. How much charge passes through the battery? 3. Find the charge and the current if 2. 7 𝑥 1021 electrons passed through a conductor in 30 seconds. Elaborate: G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living Alternating and Direct Current 1. Using these GIFs, how will you describe the flow of electrons within the conductor in a direct current? How about in the alternating current? 2. Differentiate the shape of the graph of the AC and DC current. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a wire, but there are actually two different ways the electrons move within the wire. These are called currents. Much like an ocean current that moves in a definite direction, electricity has specific movements it makes in the wires. These currents are called alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Direct current (DC) is the flow of electric charge in only one direction. It is the steady state of a constant-voltage circuit. Many battery-powered devices such as radios and cordless telephones make use of the dc supplied by the battery to create or amplify alternating currents. With DC current, electrons move in one direction, from (-) negative to (+) positive. It's a constant current, flowing continuously until either it's switched off or its power source runs out of or stops generating power. Alternating current (AC) is the flow of electric charge that periodically reverses direction. As a result, the voltage level also Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 reverses along with the current. AC is used to deliver power to houses, office buildings, etc. With AC current, electrons don't really flow; they simply vibrate back and forth from negative to positive and positive to negative. It isn't a continuous vibration either, like the constant flow in DC. The electrons vibrate in time or in sync with one another, and this timing is controlled by modifying the speed of the generator. Enrichment: Physics Application: H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson As we’ve talked about before, electrical current flows in a wire similar to the way water flows in pipes. Similar to the purpose of any plumbing system, which is to help water do the work it needs to do like washing clothes or heating homes, wires conduct an electrical current that flows along them to where it can be used — to power a light or a computer processor, for example. However, the water analogy for the flow of electrical current isn’t perfect. While it’s a great way to describe direct current (DC) flow, it’s not as good at describing alternating current (AC). With AC electricity being very common around the world, this can be a big problem. 1. Why do we need to have both AC and DC? 2. List at least 2 advantages and disadvantages for each kind of electric current. I. Evaluating learning J. Additional activities for application or remediation Evaluate: The students will be evaluated through their answers in the seatwork. Homework: The students will answer a worksheet which includes conceptual questions and word problem involving electric current V. REMARKS VI. REFLECTION A. No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation B. No. of learners who require additional activities for remediation C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who have caught up with the lesson D. No. of learners who continue to require remediation E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why did these work? F. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal or supervisor can help me solve? Grade Level Grade 10 Quarter 2nd Semester 1st Semester Region NCR Learning Area BASIC ELECTRONICS Teaching Date November 16, 2021 G. What innovation or localized materials did I use/discover which I wish to share with other teachers?
