10
TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
SPECIAL PROGRAM IN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
(SPTVE)
LEARNING MATERIAL
GRADE 8
SECOND QUARTER
AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY
TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
SPTVE AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Weekly Learning Activity Sheets
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Duration/
Date
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Content& Performance Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Assessment Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2
Technical Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
MELC NO. 1 IDENTIFY TYPES OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS AS PER
JOB REQUIREMENT
Information Sheet no. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Week 11
Information Sheet no. 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Self-check no. 1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Information Sheet no. 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Self-check no. 1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16==
MELC NO. 2 USE AND APPLY LUBRICANTS OR COOLANT IN LINE
WITH JOB REQUIREMENTS
Operation Sheet no. 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Week 12
Self-check no. 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
MELC NO. 3 PERFORM HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVITIES AS PER
COMPANY SOP
Information Sheet no. 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Week 13
Self-check no. 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
INTRODUCTION
This learning material contains information and suggested learning
activities on using and applying lubricants/coolants. It includes instructions
and procedure on how to identify types of lubricants/coolants, use and
apply lubricants and coolants and perform housekeeping services.
Completion of this module will help you understand the succeeding module
on Move and Position Vehicle. This learning material consists of three (3)
learning outcomes. Each learning outcome contains learning activities with
instruction sheets. Before you follow the instruction, read the information
sheets and answer the self-check and activities provided to assess your
competence by your teacher. He/she will check if you have acquired the
knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the particular learning
outcome. Upon completing this module, report to your teacher for
assessment. If you pass the assessment, you will be given a certificate of
completion.
SUMMARY OF MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:



ASDS
Identify Types of Lubricants/Coolants as Per Job Requirement
Use and Apply Lubricants or Coolant in Line with Job Requirements
Perform Housekeeping Activities as per Company SOP
Page 1
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of using and applying
lubricant/coolant
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners independently apply lubricants/coolant based on service
manuals
ASDS
Page 2
TECHNICAL TERMS
1. VISCOSITY – a measure of the thickness or ability to flow of a lubricant.
2. SAE - Society Automotive Engineers
3. API - American Petroleum Institute
4. W - Winter
5. Lubricant - a material capable of reducing friction when applied
between moving parts.
6. Synthetic oil - an artificial oil that is manufactured, and not a natural
mineral oil made from petroleum.
7. SOP - Standard Operating Procedure
8. Petroleum - an oily flammable liquid obtained from well drilled in the
ground and refined into gasoline, fuel oils, and other products.
ASDS
Page 3
MELC NO. 1
IDENTIFY TYPES OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS AS PER JOB
REQUIREMENT
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 1.1
Title: IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS
The lubrication system is extremely important to engine service life
because it forces oil to high friction points in the engine. Without a
lubrication system, friction between parts would destroy an engine very
quickly. Many of the engine parts would rapidly overheat and score from
this friction. Engine bearings, piston rings, cylinder walls and other
components could be ruined.
1. Reduces friction and wear between moving parts.
2. Helps transfer heat and cool engine parts
3. Clean the inside of the engine by removing contaminants (metal, dirt,
plastic, rubber, and other particles).
4. Cuts power loss and increases fuel economy.
5. Absorbs shocks between moving parts to quite engine operative and
increase engine life.
This illustration shows the movement of the oil inside the engine gallery
ASDS
Page 4
INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.2
IDENTIFY TYPES OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS
Types of Lubricants ENGINE OIL Engine oil, also called motor oil, is used
to produce a lubricating film on the moving parts in an engine. It is
commonly refined from crude oil or petroleum which is extracted from deep
within the earth. Synthetic oils (manufactured oils) are also available. They
can be made from substances other than crude oil. An oil film (thin layer of
oil) separates engine parts to prevent metal-on-metal contact.
When selecting oil for an engine it is important that the one chosen
is suitable for the engine itself and the conditions under which it will
be used.
Two important factors determining the choice of oils are:
a. That the oil meets the quality requirements
b. That the oil has the right “thickness” or what
we call the right VISCOSITY.
ASDS
Page 5
This learning element explains what is meant by viscosity
and how the oils are graded according to their viscosity.
The term viscosity refers to the relative thickness of a liquid.
It’s a thin, free-flowing liquid has a low viscosity and a thick,
slow-slow-flowing liquid has a high viscosity.
The viscosity of a liquid changes when the temperature changes. At high
temperature the liquid (oil in this case) becomes thinner (lower viscosity)
and at low temperature the liquid becomes thicker (higher viscosity)
ASDS
Page 6
The correct oil viscosity is essential for the efficient operation of the engine
because:
When the oil is too thick (high viscosity) it causes resistance and
much more power is needed to turn the engine, making it difficult to
start when cold.
Thick oil does not circulate freely enough during the starting period,
causing insufficient lubrication of the bearings and, consequently,
increased wear
Oil which is too thin, combined with a high engine temperature and a heavy
load presents the risk of oil being pressed out from between the working
surfaces of the bearings or other engine parts.
ASDS
Page 7
And this would cause the oil film which is essential to the proper lubrication
of the engine to break down. Furthermore between the piston rings and the
cylinder.
This is most significant characteristic of lubricating with its viscosity. This
can be measured in different ways. One way, for instance, is to check the
quantity of oil which passes through a tube of standard size during a
certain length of time and at a given temperature.
POWER TRAIN AND RUNNING GEARS OIL
Most gear oil is a mineral oil refined from crude oil. Some gear oil is
manufactured or synthetic oil. Chemical additives are mixed with gear oil to
improve its load carrying capacity. This makes an extreme of heat on oil
viscosity and foaming, rust, corrosion, and oil-seal damage. The gear oil
used in many cars and trucks is relatively thick and has a viscosity ranging
from SAE 75W to SAE 140. Multi-grade gear oils such as SAE 75W-90, are
also used. However, some manufacturers specify synchromesh
transmission fluid (STP) for manual transmissions and transaxles.
ASDS
Page 8
GREASE
This is a fluid suck as mineral oil (made from petroleum) thickened
with an agent that makes it a semi-solid. The thickening agent that is a
metallic soap or non-soap substance such as clay. Soaps commonly used
are lithium, calcium, sodium, aluminum and barium. Each of these alone or
in combination gives the grease characteristics. Aluminum gives the grease
good adhesion. Sodium gives the grease a thick, fibrous appearance. A
good grease must have consistency, stability, oxidation, resistance, ability
to protect against friction, wear and corrosion, and feed ability. This is
ability to flow through dispensing equipment such as wheel bearing,
universal joint, ball joint, and chassis fittings.
MELC NO. 1
IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS
SELF-CHECK 1.1
DIRECTION: Complete the following:
1. _________ the inside of the engine by removing contaminants.
2. _________ shocks between moving parts to quite engine operative and
increase engine life.
3. _________ transfer heat and cool engine parts.
4. _________ power loss and increases fuel economy.
5. _________ friction and wear between moving parts
ASDS
Page 9
INFORMATION SHEET No. 3
IDENTIFY TYPES OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS PRODUCT
SPECIFICATION
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
SERVICE RATINGS OF OIL
Oil is rated by viscosity number and also by its service designation. This is
kind of service for which the oil is best suited. There are six service ratings
for spark-ignition-engine lubricating oils, SA, SB, SC, SD, and SF. There
are four service ratings for compression ignition-engine lubricating oils, CA,
CB, CC, and CD.
1. SA Oil This oil is for utility gasoline and diesel engines operating
under mild conditions, so protection by additives is not required. This oil
may have pour-point and foam depressants
2. SB Oil This oil is for service in gasoline engines operated under
such mild conditions that only minimum protection by additives required.
3. SC Oil This oil is for service typical of gasoline engines in the
1964 to 1967 models of passengers’ cars and trucks. It is intended
primarily for use in passenger cars. This oil provides control of high and
low-temperature engine
deposits, wear, rust and corrosion.
4. SD Oil This oil is for service typical of gasoline engine in
passenger cars and trucks beginning with 1968 models. This oil provides
more protection from high- and low- temperature engine deposits, wear,
rust and corrosion than do SC oils.
ASDS
Page 10
5. SE Oil This oil is for service typical of gasoline engines in
passenger cars and some trucks beginning with 1972 (and some 1971)
models. This oil provides more protection against oil oxidation, high
temperature engine deposits, rust, and corrosion than do oils with the SC
and SC ratings.
6. SF Oil SF oil is for service typical of gasoline engines in
passenger cars and some trucks beginning in 1981 models. This oil
provides more protection than SE oils against sludge, varnish, wear, oilscreen plugging and engine deposits.
Notice that this is an open-end series. When the car manufacturers
and oil producers see the need for other types of oil, they can bring out SG
and SH service-rated oils. SA and SB oils are not recommended for use in
automobile engine. These 9 are non-detergent oils. Detergent oils are
required in modern automotive engines.
Diesel-engine oils must have different properties than oils for
gasoline engines. The CA, CB, CC, and CD ratings indicate ample, CA oil
is for light-duty service. CD oil is for severe-duty service typical of
turbocharged high-output diesel engines operating on fuel oil with high
sulfur content. Oil for use in automotive diesel engines should be marked
SF/CC or SF/CD.
Now, we have a wide range of oil viscosity from very thin oil, SAE
5W up to thick SAE 50 oil. Every SAE grade represents an oil suitable for
use within a special range of temperature and for certain type of engine as
follows:
Oils within the viscosity grades SAE 5W, 10W and 20W are
suitable for use in climates with temperatures ranging from very low to
moderate.
ASDS
Page 11
SAE 20 and SAE 30 are suitable for use in moderate to hot climates.
SAE 40 and SAE 50 are mostly for use in old engines
designed for rather thick oil or in badly worn engines with high oil
consumption.
However, many engines are operated in climates where the
temperature varies considerably from season to season.
in addition, it is always preferable for any engine to run on low
viscosity oil during the starting period when the engine is cold, on high
viscosity oil when the engine is hot and fully loaded.
ASDS
Page 12
For practical reason it is not possible to use a low viscosity oil
for starting and then change to an oil of higher viscosity when running.
Oils are available with a very wide viscosity range, for example 10W/50,
which can be used in any climate.
it is also an advantage for the engine when SAE 10W/50 is
used because it enables that cold engine to start on a thin (10W) and when
hot, on a sufficiently thick oil (SAE 50).
A general technical designation for oils has been accepted as follows:
-
ASDS
single grade oil which only covers one SAE grade (e.g. SAE 30)
Page 13
-
double grade oil which covers two consecutive SAE grades
(e.g. SAE 20W/30).
-
Multi-grade oil which covers three SAE grades (e.g. SAE
20W/30).
-
Super multi-grade oil which covers more than three SAE
grades (e.g. SAE 15/50).
The oils covering more than one SAE grades are often referred to as
multi-viscosity, all season or all-weather oils. Bear in mind that SAE grades
only tell you the viscosity of the oil and not the quality.
ASDS
Page 14
Now, how would you select the oil with the right SAE number
corresponding to the temperature and running condition?
The correct way is, of course, to check what is recommended in the
specifications for the engine.
-
all oil producers have worked out, together with the engine
manufacturers, recommendations for the oil viscosity most
suitable for given conditions.
It is important to know that the SAE grades only give information on
the viscosity but not the quality of the oil. For the quality classification see
reference book (Automotive Technology by: James E. Duff p.488
ASDS
Page 15
MELC NO. 1
IMPORTANCE OF LUBRICANTS/COOLANTS
SELF-CHECK 1.2
MULTIPLE CHOICES:
Directions: Read and understand each question then write your answer on
a separate sheet.
1. Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Oil becomes thicker when warm
b. Oil becomes thicker when cold
c. Oil with high viscosity provides easy starting and good lubrication
when cold.
d. All of the above mention
2. An oil marked SAE10W/40 means that
.
a. the oil can be used in cold and hot climates
b. the oil is to be used only in cold climates
c. the oil is a mixture of SAE 10W and SAE 40
d. both b and c
3. Which SAE grade would you recommend for an engine with high oil
consumption?
a. SAE 10W
b. SAE 20W
c. SAE 20
d. SAE 40
4. “SAE grade” means
.
a. the viscosity
c. the relative thickness of the oil
b. the quality of the oil
d. the API classification of the oil
5. Which of the following statements has a lower viscosity?
a. Oil with high viscosity provides easy starting and good lubrication
when cold
b. SAE 20
c. SAE 40
d. All of the above
ASDS
Page 16
MELC NO. 2
USE AND APPLY LUBRICANTS OR COOLANT IN LINE WITH JOB
REQUIREMENTS
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1
CORRECT PROCEDURES IN CHANGING OR APPLYING LUBRICANTS
CONDITIONS:
Supplies and Materials
 used oil can
 engine oil
 oil filter
Tools
 box wrench
 filter wrench
 PPE
 Manual
 Ignition key
Equipment
 Vehicle
 Battery
PROCEDURES:
The teacher presents a video and discusses the correct procedures
in changing oil and in applying lubricants.
A. Use lift or floor jack and stands to raise car in level
position. Place catch pan under drain plug.
ASDS
Page 17
B. Unscrew drain plug and allow oil to pour into pan.
C. Use filter wrench to remove old filter. Turn counterclockwise.
D. Wipe clean oil on new filter o-ring. This will assure proper
tightening.
ASDS
Page 18
E. Install and tighten oil filter by hand. Hands and filter should
be clean and dry. Use a rag if needed.
F. Tighten the drain plug. Install correct type and quantity of
oil. Pour oil filter or breather opening in valve cover.
PRECAUTIONS: Be careful of hot oil. It can cause painful burns.
SAFETY MEASURES IN HANDLING LUBRICANTS
Lubricants that are not properly handled can become contaminated
with dirt, water and other fluids, reducing the service lives of the lubricant
and the equipment and possibly causing equipment failure
Proper oil storage is the first step to preventing contamination. Oil
should be store in closed containers that keep airborne particulates and
moisture out. According to Jim Morrison, field technician with Petro Canada
America Lubricants, Inc., it can be a costly mistake to store oil in open
containers or allow drums to be partially open to air. “Air is extremely dirty,
therefore, you must never allow oil to get exposed to it,” he says.
ASDS
Page 19
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN APPLYING LUBRICANTS
Wear eye protection at all times when in the shop area.
Oil and filter change require that the vehicle be safely raised
and supported. If using safety stands or ramps to support the
vehicle, also block any wheels remaining on the ground. This will
prevent the vehicle from moving backwards.
Use caution around hot surfaces such as exhaust manifolds,
pipes, and mufflers. Hot oil draining from the oil pan or oil filter can
cause burns and skin irritation.
Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s shop manual for
specific procedures.
ASDS
Page 20
MELC NO. 2
USE AND APPLY LUBRICANTS OR COOLANT IN LINE WITH JOB
REQUIREMENTS
SELF-CHECK NO. 2.1
ESSAY
Direction: Discuss the steps to be done in performing oil-change.
.
ASDS
Page 21
MELC NO. 3
PERFORM HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVITIES AS PER COMPANY SOP
INFORMATION SHEET NO. 3.1
HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURES (5-S)
A. Concepts of 5S
1. SEIRI ( SORT ) Remove unnecessary items and dispose them
properly



Make work easy by eliminating obstacles
Provide no chance of being disturbed with unnecessary
items
Prevent accumulation of unnecessary items
2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) Arrange necessary items in good
order so that they can be easily picked for use
 Prevent loss and waste of time.
 Easy to find and pick up necessary items
 Ensure first -come-first serve basis.
 Make work flow smooth and easy.
ASDS
Page 22
3. SEISO (SWEEP) Clean your workplace completely
 Easy to check abnormality
 Prevent machinery and equipment from deterioration.
 Keep workplace safe and easy to work
4. SEIKETSU (STANDARDIZE) Maintain high standards of
housekeeping and workplace organization at all times
 Maintain cleanliness and orderliness
 Prevent mismanagement of operation
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) Do things spontaneously
without being told or ordered.
 Standardize good practice
ASDS
Page 23
B. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
SEGREGATION & SECONDARY CONTAINMENT
1. Separate acidic chemicals from basic chemicals according to pH.
2. Separate oxidizers from organic chemicals and inorganic
reducing agents. (Remember the Fire Triangle)
3. Separate water reactive chemicals from aqueous solutions.
4. Separate chemicals with multiple hazards from all other
chemicals.
When transporting chemicals form one room to another PLEASE
use a chemical safety bucket.
GENERAL RULES TO OBSERVE
1. All employees must receive and understand the locally applicable
Workplace Hazardous Materials information guide or equivalent (if
such a guide exists). In any case the management is responsible
for proper instruction.
2. Develop a positive attitude toward laboratory safety: prevention is
better than cure
3. Observe normal laboratory safety practices.
4. Good housekeeping is extremely important. Maintain a safe,
clean work environment.
5. You may work hard but never in haste.
6. Follow the safety precautions provide by the manufacturer when
operating instruments
ASDS
Page 24
7. Monitor instruments while they are operating
8. Avoid working alone. If you must work alone, have someone
contact you periodically
9. Learn what to do in case of emergencies(e.g. fire, chemical spill,
see 4 2 6)
10. Learn emergency first aid (see 4, 2, 5, 2).
11. Seek medical attention immediately if affected by chemicals and
use first aid until medical aid is available.
12. Report all accidents and near misses to the management.
13. Access to emergency exits, eye-wash fountains and safety
showers must not be blocked. Fountains and showers should be
checked periodically for proper operation.
14. Wash hands immediately. Use appropriate material for each
spillage.
15. Clean up any spillage immediately. Use appropriate materials
for each spillage.
C. SAFETY SIGN AND SYMBOLS
ASDS
Page 25
MELC NO. 3
PERFORM HOUSE KEEPING ACTIVITIES AS PER COMPANY SOP
SELF-CHECK NO. 3.1
Direction: Identify the following as to what specific S it belongs.
_________1. Prevent wrong operation
_________2. Standardize good practice
_________3. Make work easy by eliminating
_________4. Prevent loss and waste of time
_________5. Ensure first-come-first-serve basis
_________6. Keep work place safe and easy to work
_________7. Provide no chance of being disturbed with unnecessary items
_________8. Make work flow smooth and easy
_________9. Easy to find and pick –up necessary items
_________10. Prevent accumulation of necessary items
ASDS
Page 26
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
1. Automotive Mechanics, 10th Edition
By: William Crouse and Donald Anglin
2. CBLM-AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NC I
Module Title: Applying Appropriate Sealant/Adhesive
By: TEAM LEADER: George Callanta Members : Robert
Domingo John Diego Lino Olit Romeo Ibloguin Nelson Senedo
English : Belen Tado
ASDS
Page 27