Science
10
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 15: Chemical Reactions and Its Equations
First Edition, 2020
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Science
10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 15
Chemical Reactions and
Its Equations
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Chemical Reactions and
Its Equations
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Chemical reactions and
Its Equations!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - These measures how much you have learned from
the entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
This module is conceptualized for you to gain knowledge and understanding on
chemical reactions and its corresponding chemical equations. This will lead you to a
better grasp on how chemical reactions produce new products and how the law of
mass conservation is being represented in a balanced equation.
After going through this self-learning module, you are expected to:
1. classify the chemical reactions as:
a) decomposition reaction
b) single replacement reaction
c) double replacement reaction;
2. Predict for the product of decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, and
double replacement reaction;
3. Write the balanced chemical equation to represent the chemical reaction;
4. Cite at least one (1) observable situation for each type of chemical reaction.
PRETEST
Read and write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following hypothetical equations represents a decomposition
reaction?
A. A + B
AB
B. AB
A + B
C. AB + C
AC + B
D. AB + CD
AD + CB
2. Mely used hydrochloric acid to remove rust stain on the white tiles. The
brownish stain is composed of iron (III) oxide. What chemical equation best
represents the chemical reaction?
A. 6HCl (aq) + 2Fe (s)
2FeCl3 (s) + 3H2 (g)
B. HCl (ℓ) + Fe(s)
FeClO (aq) + H2 (g)
C. 6HCl(aq) + Fe2O3 (s)
2FeCl3 (aq) + 3H2O (l)
D. H2SO4 (aq) + Fe2O3 (s)
FeSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
3. What kind of chemical reaction took place when Mely cleaned the tiles?
A. combination reaction
B. decomposition reaction
C. singe replacement reaction
D. double replacement reaction
4. In performing a laboratory procedure, Kenneth put the small pieces of zinc
metals in sulfuric acid solution. He observed production of gas in the form of
bubbles. Predict what kind of gas is produced due to the chemical reaction.
A. carbon dioxide
B. hydrogen
C. oxygen
D. sulfur dioxide
5. Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is mainly used for baking; it is
added to the mixture to make the cake fluffy since when the baking soda is
heated it releases gas. Predict the products of the decomposition of baking soda.
A. sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide
B. sodium carbonate and carbon dioxide
C. sodium oxide, water, carbon dioxide
D. sodium oxide and water
RECAP
In the previous Self-Learning Modules, you learned about the Law of
Conservation of Mass and the types of chemical reaction. Before you start
studying this module, answer this lesson pass.
Lesson Pass
3
Things I learned from the previous self-learning modules.
2
Things I found interesting.
1
Question I still have in mind.
LESSON
Chemical reactions have a wide impact in our daily lives. These reactions are needed
to produce new products that we need. Therefore, it is vital to understand chemical
reactions to our advantage.
There are different kinds of chemical reaction. The reactions we are going to discuss
in this module are: a) decomposition reaction; b) single replacement reaction; and c)
double replacement reaction.
Let us first have the decomposition reaction. When a compound decomposes, it
means it will be broken down into simpler substance. This reaction happens in the
presence of heat, electricity, or catalyst. Let’s look closer on the types of
decomposition reaction.
A. Metal Oxide – in this type of decomposition, the product will be metal and
oxygen gas.
Example
2 Na2O
Sodium Oxide
∆
4Na + O2(g)
Sodium
Oxygen gas
B. Metal Carbonate – the product will be metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
Example
∆
CaCO3
Calcium carbonate
CaO
+
Calcium oxide
CO2(g)
Carbon dioxide
C. Metal Bicarbonate – the product will be metal oxide, water, and carbon
dioxide
Example
∆
2 LiHCO3
Lithium bicarbonate
Li2O
+
Lithium oxide
CO2(g)
+
H2O
Carbon dioxide Water
D. Metal Chlorate – the product will be metal chloride and oxygen gas.
Example
∆
Mg(ClO3)2
MgCl2
+
Magnesium Chlorate Magnesium chloride
3O2(g)
Oxygen gas
E. Metal Nitrate – the product will be metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide gas and
oxygen gas.
Example
∆
2 Al(NO3)3
Aluminum nitrate
Al2O3
+
Aluminum oxide
3NO2(g)
+
Nitrogen dioxide
F. Base – the product will be metal oxide and water
Example
∆
Pb(OH)4
Lead(IV) hydroxide
PbO2
+
Lead(IV) oxide
H2O
Water
G. Acid – the product will be non-metal oxide and water
Example
HSO4
Sulfuric acid
∆
SO3
+
Sulfur trioxide
H2O
Water
4.5O2(g)
Oxygen gas
Another type of chemical reaction is single replacement/displacement. In this type
of reaction, an ion or an atom in a compound is replaced by a more reactive ion or
atom of another element. Single displacement can be represented by this formula:
AB + C
CA + B
or
AB + C
AC + B
In the first formula atom B and C are both metal while in the second formula atom
B and C are both non-metals. When single replacement occurs, the product will
always be aqueous solution and pure element at the bottom. Most displacement
reactions fit into one of the three types: hydrogen displacement, metal displacement
and halogen displacement.
Hydrogen Displacement – All alkali metal and alkaline earth metals which are the
most reactive of the metallic elements, will displace hydrogen from cold water.
Example:
Na(s)
+
Sodium
Ca(s)
H2O(ℓ)
NaOH(aq)
+
Sodium hydroxide
Water
+
Sodium
H2O(ℓ)
Water
Ca(OH)2(aq)
+
Calcium hydroxide
H2(g)
Hydrogen gas
H2(g)
Hydrogen gas
Some of the less reactive elements can be react to the steam to produces hydrogen
gas. These elements are Magnesium (Mg), Aluminum (Al), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr),
Iron (Fe), and Cadmium (Cd). In this reaction it will produce metal oxide and
hydrogen gas.
Example:
Cd
+
Cadmium
H 2O
Water
CdO
+
H 2(g)
Cadmium oxide
Hydrogen gas
There are element that is not reactive to water but it can displaced the Hydrogen in
the acid.
Example:
Ni
Nickel
+
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
NiCl 2
+
Nickel chloride
H2(g)
Hydrogen gas
Metal Displacement – In this type of displacement, the metal in a compound can
be displaced by another more reactive metal. To predict wether the reaction can be
actually occur or not is to refer in the activity series of metal. Activity series is a
covenient summary of the result of many possible displacement reactions. In this
series, any metal above hydrogen will displace it from water or from an acid but
metals below hydrogen will not reacts with either water or an acid.
Example:
3FeO
+
2Al
Iron(II) oxide
Aluminum
Al2O3
+
Aluminum oxide
3Fe
Iron
Halogen Displacement – A non-metal in a compound can be displaced by another
reactive non-metal. Halogens are the atoms in the VII A family namely Fluorine (F 2),
Chlorine (Cl2), Bromine (Br2) and Iodine (I2). The activity series of non-metal is:
F2
>
Cl2
Br2
>
>
I2
This activity series shows that Fluorine is the most reactive non-metal while Iodine
is the least non-metal element. It means that Fluorine can displace all the other
halogens while Iodine can be displaced by all non-metals.
And last type of chemical reaction is Double Replacement/Displacement.
In this reaction, the two positive ions (cations) in the compound found in the
reactant will exchange places to form two new compounds. Typically, after in
this reaction, the product is precipitate. The general formula in this reaction
is:
AB + CD
Example:
AgNO3
Silver nitrate
AD
+
+
NaCl
Sodium chloride
CB
AgCl
+
Silver chloride
NaNO3
Sodium nitrate
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Describing Chemical Equations
Direction: Classify the following balanced chemical equations according to the
types of chemical reactions. Write your answer to the blank provided before the
item number.
A – Decomposition
B – Single Replacement
C – Double Replacement
_____ 1. NaOH + KNO3
NaNO3 + KOH
_____ 2. CH4 + 2O2
CO2 + 2H2O
_____ 3. Fe + 3NaBr
FeBr3 + 3Na
_____ 4. CaSO4 + Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + MgSO4
_____ 5. NH4OH + HBr
_____ 6. 2NaNO3
_____ 7. 2KClO3
_____ 8. H2SO4 + Na
H2O + NH4Br
2NaNO2 + O2
2KCl + 3O2
NaSO4 + H2
_____ 9. 2NaHCO3
Na2O + H2O + 2CO2
_____ 10. 2Al(OH)3
Al2O3 + 3H2O
Activity 2: Predicting Products of Chemical Reaction
Direction: Predict the product of the following chemical reaction and balance
them.
1. ____ Na2CO3 + ____ H2O
2. ____ Mg(HCO3)2
3. ____ Ca(NO3)2 + ____ H2O
4. ____ Au2S3 + ____ H2
5. ____ KOH + ____H3PO4
6. ____ Ca(ClO3)2
7. ____ Zn(OH)2 + ____ K
8. ____ H2CO3 + ____ Ca(NO3)2
9. ____ F2 + ____ HI
10. ____Fe(OH)3
Activity 3: Writing Balance Equation
Directions: Read carefully the following worded chemical reaction. Write the
chemical equation. Classify the following reactions whether:
A – Decomposition
B – Single Replacement
C – Double Replacement
_____ 1. Solid iron (Fe) reacts with solid cadmium nitrate (Cd(NO3)2) to
produce solid ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3) and cadmium (Cd).
_____ 2. Solid Manganese (II) carbonate (MnCO3) decomposes to solid
manganese oxide (MnO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.
_____ 3. Solid Silver (I)chlorate (AgClO3) decomposes to solid silver (I)
chloride (AgCl) and release of oxygen (O2) gas.
_____ 4. Magnesium (Mg) ribbon is added to liquid carbonic acid (H2CO3)
yielding solid magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) and hydrogen (H2) gas.
____ 5. Aqueous aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3) reacts with aqueous
magnesium sulfide (MgS) to produce aqueous magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2)
and solid aluminum sulfide(Al2S3).
WRAP-UP
Modified TRUE OR FALSE
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if the statement
is incorrect, then correct the underlined word to make the statement correct.
_____ 1. AB + C
CB + A is the general formula for single displacement.
_____ 2. Single displacement is the type of reaction where the compound will be
broken to simple substance.
_____ 3. The ions will be exchange places to form new substance is called double
displacement.
_____ 4. Alkali metals are the most reactive metals.
_____ 5. Precipitate is always the product of single displacement.
VALUING
Law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot either be created or destroyed.
This law was discovered by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in 1789. The number of atoms
on the reactants should be equal to the number of atoms in the product. With this,
we need to balance the chemical equation. In balancing the chemical equation, just
add coefficient before the compound. In life, we should also balance all the factors
that may affect our daily lives. Time management is the main problem that needs to
be taken into consideration. Many times, our workload becomes stressful. This is
the time that we should know how to manage our time properly to have a balance
life. First, we need to take good care of our body. Enough sleep, exercise and eat
healthy food such as vegetable and fruits are very essential to maintain healthy body.
Having healthy body will allow us to accomplish our task and to function our mind
properly. Second, we need to set our priorities. List all the things we need to
accomplish in a day or in a week, then, categorize them as very urgent, urgent and
less priority. Third, plan. Make a to-do list. Strictly follow your list. You do not have
to cram because you already set your goal. Fourth, expect the unexpected. There are
times that things did not happen the way we expect. Do not stress yourself to things
beyond your control. Lastly, have a positive mindset. The moment you wake up, after
praying, tell yourself that you are going to make the best and the most of it.
Remember, once you have done everything you can within your control, let your life
unfold. Be prepared for the future, but do not worry about it.
POSTTEST
Read and write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Calcium oxide is used as a drying agent. Potassium oxide formed, when potassium
introduced to it. What type of reaction is this?
A. single replacement
B. combination
C. combustion
D. double replacement
2. If an iron nail is placed into an aqueous solution of copper (II) sulfate solution,
the iron displaces the copper ions in solution, and a copper metal forms on the
nail. Which is the correct word equation for this reaction?
A. iron + copper (II) sulfate
iron copper + sulfate
B. iron + copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) iron + sulfate
C. iron + copper (II) sulfate
copper + iron (IV) sulfate
D. iron + copper (II) sulfate
copper (II) + iron sulfate
3. Liquid bleaches, containing sodium hypochlorite, are often sold in opaque,
plastic containers, because sunlight causes the compound to decompose to
produce oxygen gas and sodium chloride. Which is the correct formula equation for
this equation?
A. NaClO
O + NaCl
B. NaClO
O2 + NaCl
C. NaClO2
O + NaCl
D. NaClO2
O2 + NaCl
4. What are the products in the equation below?
Zn + CuSO4
A. Zn and Cu
C. ZnSO4 and Cu
B. Zn and CuSO4
D. Zn only
5. Which of the following is the correct balanced equation?
A. C3H8 + 5O2
3CO2 + 4H2O
B. C3H8 + O2
3CO2 + 2H2O
C. 2C3H8 + 10O2
6CO2 + 8H2O
D. C3H8 + O2
CO2 + H2O
KEY TO CORRECTION
ACTIVITY NO. 1
1. C
6. A
ACTIVITY NO. 2
3. B
8. B
2. B
7. A
3. D
2. D
POST TEST
1. A
3. C
2. D
PRE-TEST
1. B
4. C
9. A
4. C
4. B
5. C
10. A
5. A
5. A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True
False – decomposition
True
True
True
WRAP – UP
ACTIVITY NO. 3
References
▪ Book
1.R. Chang. (8th Edition 2005). Chemistry. McGraw – Hill Education (Asia). 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York. Page 126
2.E. Madriaga et. al. (Revised Edition 2017). The Particle Nature of Matter. Science
Links 8. Rex Book Store Science and Technology Series. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr.
St., Sampaloc, Manila. Page 235
3. P. Campo et. al. (Reprint Edition 2016). The Particle Nature of Matter. Science
Learner’s Module. DepEd-BLR. Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. Pages 171-173
▪ Online Sources
Single Replacement Reaction
1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry/chemical-reactionsap/types-of-chemical-reactions-ap/a/single-replacement-reactions .Accessed as of
February 22, 2021.