Q1.
Figure 1 shows a nitrogen atom.
Figure 1
(a)
The centre of the atom contains:
•
•
neutrons
particles with a positive charge.
What is the centre of the atom called?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b)
Give the name of the positively charged particles in Figure 1.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c)
The nitrogen atom in Figure 1 has 7 neutrons.
Some atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons.
Give the name of these atoms.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d)
Which of the following represents a nitrogen atom with 8 neutrons?
Tick one box.
(1)
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(e)
An atom of fluorine has 9 electrons.
Complete Figure 2 to show the electronic structure of fluorine.
Use a cross (✖) to represent an electron.
Figure 2
(1)
(f)
JJ Thomson developed an early model of the atom. It was called the plum pudding
model.
Figure 3 shows the plum pudding model.
Figure 3
Give three differences between the plum pudding model and the model of the atom
used in Figure 1.
1 _________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2 _________________________________________________________________
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3 _________________________________________________________________
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q2.
This question is about magnesium and magnesium oxide.
Figure 1 shows an arrangement of atoms in magnesium metal.
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Figure 1
(a)
Complete the following sentences about metals.
Metals are good conductors of _______________________ and
_______________________ . Metals can be hammered into shape. This is
because the _______________________ of atoms are able to slide over each
other.
(3)
(b)
Magnesium is often mixed with other metals to produce a more useful material.
What are mixtures of metals called?
Tick one box.
Alloys
Compounds
Molecules
Polymers
(1)
(c)
Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
Figure 2 shows how this happens.
The dots (●) and crosses (×) represent electrons.
Figure 2
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Describe what happens to the electrons when magnesium reacts with oxygen to
produce magnesium oxide.
Use Figure 2 to help you answer this question.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(d)
The formula of magnesium oxide is MgO.
Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of magnesium oxide.
Relative atomic masses (Ar): Mg = 24
O = 16
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e)
Calculate the percentage by mass of magnesium in magnesium oxide, MgO.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Percentage = __________ %
(1)
(f)
Magnesium oxide is an ionic compound with a high melting point.
Explain why magnesium oxide has a high melting point.
Refer to the structure of the compound in your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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(4)
(Total 13 marks)
Q3.
The diagram shows a lithium atom.
(a)
Which particle in the diagram has no charge?
Tick (✔) one box.
Electron
Neutron
Proton
(1)
(b)
Which particle in the diagram has the lowest mass?
Tick (✔) one box.
Electron
Neutron
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Proton
(1)
(c)
What is the mass number of the lithium atom in the diagram?
Tick (✔) one box.
3
4
7
10
(1)
(d)
Which group of the Periodic Table is lithium in?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(e)
A lithium atom loses an electron to form a lithium ion.
What charge will the ion have?
Tick (✔) one box.
–2
–1
+1
+2
(1)
Lithium chloride is an ionic compound.
(f)
What type of structures are formed by ionic compounds?
Complete the sentence.
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Ionic compounds have ____________________ ionic structures.
(1)
(g)
Which is a property of an ionic compound?
Tick (✔) one box.
Can be bent into shape
Conducts electricity when solid
High melting point
Low boiling point
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q4.
The Sun produces helium atoms from hydrogen atoms by nuclear fusion reactions.
Hydrogen
(a)
Helium
Describe the differences in the atomic structures of a hydrogen atom and a helium
atom.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Page 7 of 14
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b)
The Sun consists of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium.
The rest is other elements.
One of the other elements in the Sun is neon.
Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.
(i)
Complete the diagram to show the electronic structure of a neon atom.
(1)
(ii)
Why is neon in the same group of the periodic table as helium?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q5.
The diagrams show five different atoms, A, B, C, D and E.
(a)
Which atom, A, B, C, D or E:
(i)
has an atomic number (proton number) of 3
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Atom
(1)
(ii)
has a mass number of 2
Atom
(1)
(iii)
is in Group 2 of the periodic table?
Atom
(1)
(b)
Which two atoms from A, B, C, D and E are isotopes of the same element?
Atom
and Atom
(1)
(c)
Which particle in an atom has a negative charge? ____________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q6.
The diagrams show the electronic structure of four different atoms.
Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these questions.
(a)
Name the two sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of an atom.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b)
Why is there no overall electrical charge on each atom?
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(c)
Why is Atom A unreactive?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(d)
Which two of these atoms have similar chemical properties?
Give a reason for your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 10 of 14
Mark schemes
Q1.
(a)
nucleus
1
(b)
protons
1
(c)
isotopes
1
(d)
1
(e)
electrons arranged 2 7
1
(f)
no shells of electrons
1
no protons
1
no neutrons
allow no positive particles
if neither mp2 or mp3 awarded, allow one mark
for no nucleus
1
[8]
Q2.
(a)
heat
1
electricity
Heat and electricity in either order in first two
spaces
1
layers
Allow rows/lines
1
(b)
alloys
1
(c)
magnesium (atoms) lose electron
Allow magnesium transfers 2 electrons to oxygen
3 marks
1
2 electrons
Allow magnesium transfers electrons to oxygen 2
marks
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1
oxygen (atoms) gain electron(s)
Allow electrons transferred 1 mark
1
(d)
Mr of MgO = 40
1
(e)
% = 24/40 × 100 = 60(%)
Allow ECF from (d)
1
(f)
electrostatic forces of attraction/bonds
do not allow intermolecular forces
1
between oppositely charged ions
1
(in a) giant structure/Lattice
1
(therefore) lots of energy is needed (to break forces/bonds)
1
allow strong forces of attraction/bonds (between
ions) if no other mark awarded
[13]
Q3.
(a)
neutron
1
(b)
electron
1
(c)
7
1
(d)
1 / one
allow alkali metals
1
(e)
+1
1
(f)
giant
1
(g)
high melting point
1
[7]
Q4.
(a)
hydrogen has one proton whereas helium has two protons
accept numbers for words
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accept hydrogen only has one proton
ignore references to groups
1
hydrogen has one electron whereas helium has two electrons
accept hydrogen only has one electron
allow helium has a full outer shell (of electrons)
1
hydrogen has no neutrons or helium has two neutrons
if no other mark awarded, allow helium has more electrons /
protons / neutrons for 1 mark
1
(b)
(i)
2 electrons on first shell and
8 electrons on outer shell
1
(ii)
they have a stable arrangement of electrons
accept they have full outer energy level / shell of electrons
do not accept they have the same number of electrons in
their outer energy level / shell
allow they are noble gases
ignore they are in group 0
1
[5]
Q5.
(a)
(i)
B
1
(ii)
A
1
(iii)
C
1
(b)
D and E
1
(c)
electron
1
[5]
Q6.
(a)
protons (and) neutrons
both needed for 1 mark
ignore p / + and n / 0
do not accept electrons
1
(b)
because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
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allow protons and electrons balance / cancel out
allow positive / + and negative / - balance / cancel out
1
(c)
it = atom A
because atom A has a full highest energy level or full outer shell
allow all the shells are full or no incomplete shell
or because atom A has a stable arrangement of electrons
allow because atom A is in Group 0 / a noble gas
1
(d)
(atom) B / lithium / Li (and)
(atom) C / sodium / Na
both needed for 1 mark
1
because they have the same number/one outer electron(s)
linked to answer for first mark
accept because both need to lose one / an electron
allow because (atoms) B and C are in Group 1 / the same
group / are alkali metals
1
[5]
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