Name: Janet Gutierrez Hahn Section: Chapter 3 Date: 09/07/2021 In class Assignment 1 Carbohydrates 1. What is the simplest type of carbohydrate? Simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides, or simple sugars 2. Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each. Glucose is one common monosaccharide, and the molecular formula is (C6-H12-O6) , Trioses- C3-H6-O3 3. How are monosaccharides used in a cell? Monosaccharides serve as fuel for cells. 4.What is a disaccharide? Disaccharide is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharide. Name two common disaccharides. They are a double sugar made by 2 monosaccharides. Two common disaccharides are Sucrose and Lactose. . 5. Fill in the chart below for the three most commonly occurring polysaccharides: Polysaccharide Type of organism in which it is found Function Starch Plants Energy Storage Glycogen Animals Energy Storage Cellulose Plants Structural Component of cell walls 6. Which of the molecules above cannot be hydrolyzed by the digestive system of animals? Cellulose 7. Are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic? They are Hydrophilic due to the many OH in them Proteins 1. Describe 5 functions proteins may perform: 1 Enzymes – Control Chemical reactions, 2 Structural – Forming structures such as hair and tendons, 3. Movement- Such as protein in muscles, 4. Transport- Hemoglobin carries O2 in the blood, 5. Communication – Signal proteins and some hormones, 6 Defense- Antibodies that defend the body against microorganisms. 2. What are the monomers of proteins? Amino Acids are the monomers of proteins 3. How many different kinds are there? There are 20 different amino found in proteins. 4. Draw the general structure for an amino acid and label its functional groups. Amino Acid group Carboxyl (Acid group 5. Which part of an amino acid determines its specific properties? The R group is the side chain 6. When 2 amino acids are joined together by dehydration synthesis a peptide bond is formed. 7. What is a polypeptide? A polypeptide is a chain of many amino acids joined together by peptide bonds 8. What kind of molecules will result when a protein is completely hydrolyzed? A mixture of various amino acids will result 9. What is denaturation? A denaturation is a loss of a protein’s native structure. Alteration of the protein shape or from. Lipids 1. Give two examples of lipids. Fats which are triglycerides and Steroids 2. Give an example of how each is used in living organisms. 3. Explain why oils don’t dissolve in water. Oil cannot be dissolved in water because it is a fatty acid component and has a long hydrocarbon tail that are hydrophobic 4. What smaller molecules make up a fat molecule? 3 Fatty acids and 1 glycerol 5. How are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids different? Saturated fatty acids have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds. They also are solid at room temperature Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more bonds and tend to be oils and liquid at room temperature. 6. Predict which of the following would contain saturated fatty acids and which would contain unsaturated fatty acids: A) Solid Crisco shortening Saturated Fat B) Olive oil Unsaturated fat C) Bacon grease Saturated Fat Nucleic Acids 1. Name two types of nucleic acids. Two types of nucleic acids DNA and RNA 2. What are their functions? DNA carries the genetic material of a cell. RNA serves as the intermediary to use the genetic information to build proteins. 3. What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids? Nucleotides 4. Name the three parts that combine to form a nucleotide. 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
