SPEECH ANALYSIS IN MOVIE ENTITLED “TOY STORY 3”
Adinda Azmy Latifah
160210401049
1.
Introduction
Language cannot be separated from everyday activity because its power in
communication, where it doesn’t only deliver an utterance but it requires an act as the
response. Speech act is the theory underlays that act of communication which is
developed by Austin and classified by Searle. That theory becomes the tool of this
analysis because that is what we mostly face unconsciously every day though that is
the key of interactions going fluently. As the model of the human communication,
movie consists of conversations and actions which obviously contain speech act that
the audience need to grasp. Therefore, this paper is going analyze the speech act in the
movie entitled “Toy Story 3”.
2.
Discussion
Speech act can be analyzed on three level; locutionary, illocutionary, and
perlocutionary which represent the utterance and its action as the effect. Besides, it has
five categorized which mean the purpose of the utterance; representative, directive,
commissive, declarative, and expressive, that brings a certain function of each. Below
are the examples taken from the movie for each classification.
2.1 Classification by Austin
No.
Conversation
1
Molly: Can I have your computer?
Andy: No.
Molly: Your video games?
Andy: Forget it, Molly.
2
Buzz: All right, calm down! Both of you!
Woody: Okay, fine. Fine.
3
Ken: This way, everybody.
The illocutionary act of conversation 1 is a refusal from Andy to Molly to
borrow his computer. Molly doesn’t eventually accept the refusal but asks for
another thing but still it ended by the same thing as well. In conversation 2,
Buzz tries to arbitrate the debate of Woody and another character, and the
illocutionary act is Woody says “fine”. The illocutionary act in conversation 3
is when everyone follow the direction Ken shows.
2.2 Classification by Searle
1. Representative
Representative is a speech act states the speakers believe. Some of the keywords
are; show, state, and assume.
Function
No
Utterance
1
I’m a married man.
Show
2
That was a mistake. Andy’s mom thought you
were trash.
Assume
3
That’s a lie.
State
The utterance 1 clearly shows the statement of a man that he’s married. The
utterance 2 shows assumption of what Andy’s mom did to the hearer. The
utterance 3 shows a speaker states something is untrue.
2. Directive
Directive is a speech act causes the hearer attempt to do something. Some of
the keywords are; ask and command.
No
Utterance
Function
1
Just keep playing. Just pretend I’m not here.
Ask
2
Come on, Ken. Recess don’t last forever.
Command
3
You ain’t leavin’ Sunnyside.
Command
The utterance 1 the speaker as the hearer to continue what he is doing. The
utterance 2 shows a command to be quick because of a limited time. The
utterance 3 shows a command to stay.
3. Commissive
Commisive is a speech act commits a speaker to do something in the future.
Some of the keywords are; guarantee and promise.
No
Utterance
Function
1
Don’t worry. I guarantee it!
Guarantee
2
From now on, we stick together.
Promise
3
I will, Ken! I promise!
Promise
The utterance 1 shows a guarantee by the speaker. Both of utterance 2 and
3 shows a promise to be together as friends.
4. Declarative
Declarative is a speech act changes the reality in accord with the proposition of
the declaration.
No
Utterance
Function
1
Mission accomplished.
Declare
2
Recess!
Declare
3
We’re through!
Declare
The utterance 1 shows that an event is ended. The utterance 2 shows that
the recess time is coming and the students can go out the classroom. The
utterance 3 shows that the speaker and hearer will be no longer together as a
couple.
5. Expressive
Expressive is a speech act expresses the speaker attitude, emotion, and feeling.
It can be the statement of joy, interest, disappointment, and sorrow.
No
Utterance
Function
1
Oh, it’s been horrible.
Sorrow
2
This is so exciting!
Interest
3
Okay, fine. Perfect. I can’t believe how selfish you
all are.
Disappointment
The utterance 1 shows a sorrow by the speaker after doing something bad.
The utterance 2 shows an excitement of the speaker over something. The
utterance 3 shows a disappointment of the speaker toward his friends.
3.
Conclusion
Based on the data above, we know that conversations in Toy Story 3 movie
contains all of the speech act categories. This is because the utterances happen in
our everyday interaction.
4.
References
Poghosyan, Mariam. Indirect Speech Act in English. From:
http://www.academia.edu/5048335/Indirect_Speech_Acts_in_English.
Ramayanti, Dilla and Marlina, Leni. 2018. The Analysis of Types Illocutionary Acts in
Tangled Movie, English Department Faculty of Languages and Arts
Universitas Negeri Padang: E-Journal of English Language and Literature
Volume 7 No.1.
Fitria, Tira Nur. 2015. Analysys of Speech Act in Doraemon “Stand by Me” Movie,
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. From:
https://www.academia.edu/29900870/ANALYSIS_OF_SPEECH_ACT_IN_D
ORAEMON_STAND_BY_ME_MOVIE