OPERATIONAL
FRAMEWORK
REFERENCES
•
•
•
•
M.1.TD, THE ARMY, 2004.
MD 3.0 TD, Operations, 2005
US, FM 100-5, Operations.
US, FM 3-0, Operations.
SCOPE
• INTRO
• PURPOSE OF OP FRAMEWORK
• BATTLEFIELD ORG
–DEEP/SHAPING
–CLOSE/DECISIVE
–REAR/SUSTAINING
Operational Framework
“Operational Framework consists of the
arrangement of friendly forces and resources in
time, space and purpose with respect to each
other and the en or situation”.
M 1 TD and FM 3-0
TERMS
• Area of Operation: geographical area (including airspace) defined by fwd,
lateral and rear boundaries assigned to a comd, by a higher comd, in
which he has responsibility and the authority to conduct mil ops.
• Area of Interest: larger than AO where acty (FF, en or neutral) can
influence success of current or future ops. Info and Int required fm this
area to execute tactical ops and plan for future ops.
• Area of Influence: area comd directly capable of influencing by
maneouvre or fire sp system under comd’s C2, current ability to
acquire/engage en
PURPOSE OF THE FRAMEWORK
• Ensures simultaneous actions throughout depth of
battlefield
• Establishes an area of geographic and op responsibility
• Provides a way for comds to visualize the battlefield and
employment of forces.
• Assists focus the use of cbt power and aids synchronisation.
Battlefield Organisation
• Gpings based on geographic location and purpose.
• Applies to every echelon of comd
• Op Framework and Battlefield Organisation as follows:
• DEEP AREA (SHAPING OPS).
• CLOSE AREA (DECISIVE OPS)
• REAR AREA (SUSTAINING OPS).
Battlefield Organisation
• CLOSE, DEEP, REAR implies geographical
reference/location
• SHAPING, DECISIVE, SUSTAINING is the
allocation by PURPOSE
• Both apply to every echelon of comd (focus on
unit and above)
• Applies to all ops
• Means of visualising battlefield/ops and aids
synchronisation
DEEP AREA
•
Area fwd of close area (fm fwd bdry of sub units to fwd bdry of
controlling ech)
•
Typically ops in here are used to SHAPE the en to set conditions for close
battle
SHAPING OPS
‘ … Create and preserve
favourable conditions for the
success of the decisive
operation’
M 1 TD, para 312
SHAPING OPS: TYPES
• RSI ops (and sy ops)
• Deep attk (destruction of en capabilities at
specific times and place)
• Actions to deny en ability to concentrate
• Actions to limit en freedom of action
• Deception ops
• Covering Force ops
OFFENSIVE OPS
EXAMPLE OF BATTLEFIELD
ORGANISATION ACTY
DEEP (SHAPING) :
• Isolating en def posns
• Strike and shape en ability to rft def or CAttk
• Effect KT such as br, rd, Fire Sp assets and critical
facy (e.g. CP or Ammo dump)
• Disrupt/destroy en tempo/cohesion
• Disrupt, delay, fix en cbt power
• Sy ops
• Deceive en
DEF OPS: DEEP AREA (SHAPING)
Include:
• See, strike and shape en in depth to disrupt attk
prep
• Interrupt ability to launch an attk or rft attk or
exploit success
• Attk en RSI, critical assets
• Break coherence of en attk by strike en offn sp, res,
fol on echelons, facys, CSS, C2
CLOSE AREA
• Where forces are in immediate
contact with the en
• Fighting between committed
forces and reserves of both
combatants is occurring
• Close combat through mnvr and
fires
• Area where Decisive Ops occur
DECISIVE OPS
… are those that directly accomplish the task(s)
assigned by the higher HQ. Decisive ops
conclusively determine the outcome of major
battles and engagements.
M 1 TD, para 312
DECISIVE OPS: ‘THE MAIN EFFORT’
• Aim to make terms of decisive battle more
favourable and predictable through shaping
and sustaining ops
• Effects of simultaneity, mnvre and offn fires
• Involves multiple actions conducted
throughout AO simultaneously
• Includes planning and use of Reserves
OFF OPS: CLOSE AREA (DECISIVE)
Include:
• Acty aimed at immediate and decisive defeat en
• Main and sp attks, strike and defeat forces def
assigned objectives
• Determine outcome of major battles
• Des en, seize terrain to achieve tasks of higher
comd
• Includes use of reserves
DEF OPS: CLOSE AREA (DECISIVE)
Include:
• Halt (block, fix) and defeat/des committed en
• Fm prep posns, obs, offn fires and CAttk to
defeat/destroy en
• Shifting ME (overwhelming cbt power) to
destroy en
REAR AREA
• Extends fm rear bdry fwd to
rear bdry of next lower level of
comd
• Area primarily for conduct of sp
functions and is where majority
of the echelon’s sustaining ops
occur
• Acty to assure freedom of
action and continuity of ops, log
and comd
SUSTAINING OPS
… generate and maint cbt power to enable
shaping and decisive ops by providing CSS,
rear area and base sy, movt con, terrain
management, and infrastructure dev.
M 1 TD, para 312
SUSTAINING OPS
Include:
• CSS
• RASO
• Movt Con
• Terrain management
• Infrastructure Dev
• Enable shaping and decisive ops by sustaining force
and retaining freedom of action
OFF OPS: REAR AREA (SUSTAINING)
Include:
• Secure L of C and bases
• RASO
• Ensure freedom of action
• Protect sources of cbt power
DEF OPS: REAR AREA (SUSTAINING)
Include:
• Dedicated units to rear protection
• RASO
• Secure L of C and bases
• Ensure freedom of action
• Protect sources of cbt power
QUESTIONS ?