Unit 2: Cells and Cellular Transport
Vocabulary
1. All Cell Organelle
Functions
2. Prokaryote
1. A smaller,
less
complicate
d bacteria
cell
3. Eukaryote
1. A larger,
more
complicate
d cell.
4. Diffusion
1. The
movement
of particles
from a high
to low
concentrati
on.
5. Osmosis
1. The
movement
of water.
6. Hypotonic Solution
1. A solution
with less
solute
compared
to the cell.
7. Hypertonic
Solution
1. A solution
with more
solute
compared
to the cell.
8. Isotonic Solution
1. A solution
with the
same
amount of
solute
compared
to the cell.
9. Facilitated
Diffusion
1. Diffusion
through
transport
proteins in
the bilayer.
10. Surface Area:
Volume
1. The ratio
between
surface
area and
volume
11. Endocytosis
1. uptake of
large
molecules
or fluids
through
vesicles
created in
the bilayer.
12. Exocytosis
1. Exit of large
molecules
or fluids
through the
bilayer.
13. Active Transport
1. The use of
ATP to
transport
through the
bilayer
14. Water Potential
1. The
potential of
water to
move
across a
gradient.
15. Phospholipids
1. Lipids that
have a
polar head
and make
up the
bilayer.
16. Glycoproteins
17. Glycolipids
18. Proteins (Integral &
Peripheral)
19. Aquaporins
1. Facilitated
diffusion
channels
that allow
water to
pass
through the
cell.
20. Flaccid
1. When the
cell is in a
normal
state.
21. Turgid
1. When a
plant cell is
full with
water.
22. Lysed
23. Plasmolysed
Objectives
1. ALL cell organelles found in packet from class (be able to identify function and label on
diagram). Do NOT need to rewrite all functions. See quizlet and your packet for this
objective.
2. Explain why cells are small.
● To decrease the surface area to volume ratio. When multiple cells make up a
structure, one cell failing does not compromise the whole structure.
3. Know how to calculate Surface area : Volume ratio and state whether it is better for it to be
large or small.
● better for it to be small.
4. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote: Differences? Similarities?
● Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus to store their genetic information, eukaryotes do.
Prokaryotes are single celled and eukaryotes are multicellular.
5. Plant vs. Animal Cells: Differences? Similarities?
● Plant cells have a cell wall, a large vacuole that gives it structure, plants have a
chloroplast, animal cells have lysosomes.
6. Cell Membrane Structure: State functions of the following and be able to label on diagram:
o Phospholipids, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, Cholesterol, Carbohydrates, Proteins
(Integral & Peripheral), aquaporins.
7. Movement Across Cell Membrane: For each, know definition, which way molecules will
move, whether or not uses cell energy, example of each.
o 1. Diffusion
▪ movement from high to low
o 2. Osmosis
▪ Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic Solutions
● Hypertonic water moves out of the cell, hypotonic water moves into
the cell, iso no water movement
▪ Differentiate between “normal” conditions for plant and animal cells using
correct terminology.
● turgid for plants and normal for animal cells
o 3. Facilitated Diffusion
▪ diffusion through a transport protein
o 4. Active Transport
▪ Endocytosis (Phagocytosis vs. Pinocytosis)
● phagocytosis is taking in solids, pino is talking in liquids
▪ Exocytosis
● taking out
8. Water Potential
o What is it?
▪ the potential energy for movement of water
o How to calculate?
▪ potential of solute plus pressure
o Which way does water move?
▪ from high to low water potential
o What does the water potential tell you about how much solute is in the
solution/cell?
▪ a higher water potential means that there is more solute concentration in
the cell.
o In what type of situations is pressure potential important?
▪ when cells are in different states of rigidity, ie. turgid cells vs flaccid cells.
o Be able to predict movement of water given a particular scenario. Know how to
solve all problems in Water Potential Packet.
9. Diffusion/Osmosis Lab: All concepts/procedures in the lab are fair-game for both MC and FRQ. Be
sure you understand how and why we conducted all parts of the lab. Also know how to interpret the
graph you constructed for sucrose concentrations and apply similar techniques to other situations.