Uploaded by nannar171104

Hair Coloring

advertisement
Hair Colouring
By Gurjap Singh
Areas of specific expectations:
B.2.4
D.2.2
D.2.5
Why do people use hair colouring in the first place?
There are many reasons as to why someone would do that, to keep those gray
and white hairs out of people’s site, some do it for fashion, or your famous big time
youtuber might use hair colouring to celebrate their 1 Million followers.
Egyptians using henna
Henna is being used for hair dying purposes for over 5000 years
now. It strengthened and smoothened their hair shafts and gave
them a little shine as well. Its alternate name is Lawsone and it is
extracted from plants. Its chemical formula is C10H6O3.
For the average long hair, an amount of 200 g of lawsone(henna)
is used, it has has a MM of 174.16 g/mol, converting that to moles
it would be 1.1484 Mole.
The Romans using hair dye and wigs
Yellow hair was required to indicate a prostitutes’
profession. That said, some tribes like the Gaul and the
Saxons dyed their hair in bright colourful shades to show
their ranks and numbers on the field. Thus, intimidating
their opponents.
Hair dyeing became popular amongst Roman’s fairly
quickly. However, since not all of them were naturally
blonde they referred to simple solutions like wigs or
making pastes out of ashes and shells of plants and
nuts. The rich went as far as to sprinkle gold dust in their
hair while going to parties.
The revolutionary discovery of William Henry Perkin
In a desperate attempt to find a cure for malaria, the chemist was
hoping to use coal tar for the cure but instead he created
mauveine. This discovery was the first permanent chemical dye,
first used on wool and clothes since back then they weren’t many
permanent colours. Later on Professor Hoffman, Perkin’s teacher,
made para-phenylenediamine (PPD) which was just a refined
formula for mauveine. About 500g(5 dL) was used to dye an
average shirt, we’ll use that for the calculations.
Mauveine: C26H23N4+
First L’oréal Product
Eugene Schueller was a French pharmacist who in 1907
invented the first synthetical hair dye which was made
using PPD as its main ingredient. L'Auréale was the
name of the first commercial permanent hair colour,
hence guiding onto the world famous trademark of
L'Oréal. Eugene was also one of the first people that
used modern advertising techniques.
The exact formula of L'Auréale was never found but it
consisted majorly of para-phenylenediamine (PPD).
An average packet had around 150g(5 oz) in it.
PPD C6H4(NH2)2 = C6H8N2
Miss Clairol hair colour bath 1956
Up until the 1950s, hair colouring was only considered something that stage performers or street walkers
would use. Women refrained from using the products openly, instead they would carry out the process in full
secrecy, in private booths for example. They would book appointments under pseudonyms, a fictitious name
that a group knows for a particular reason, in this case it was to show that whoever booked the appointment
was getting their hair coloured, without ever mentioning the real name of the person.
“Does she… or doesn’t she?” Was the famous
slogan that clairol created to get women to be
more comfortable with colouring their hair.
Today’s hair colouring kits
Hair colouring today provides more choices and
alternatives. A chemical that is always present in
all dyes is para-phenylenediamine (PPD), in
addition to PPD, there’s an oxidizing agent
known as Hydrogen peroxide H2O2. This
oxidizing agent reacts with your hair to first
demolish the melanin pigment making your hair
lose its natural colour, then it reacts in order to
help getting the new colour on the hair. Like
mentioned earlier, the average size of a pack of
hair dye is about 150g.
Today’s hair colouring kits cont’d...
Ammonia NH3 is only slightly used in
permanent hair dyes. It bleaches your hair,
meaning that it removes all colour from your hair
leaving a yellowish colour, which then can be
dyed. It starts of by raising the pH level of the
hair follicle, making it less acidic. This then aids
in the removal process of the cuticle layer, a
shielding layer on hair, and makes it so that the
inner part of the hair can be coloured from deep
within, hence why the hair stays permanently in
that new shade.
Side effects of hair colouring
Ammonia is the main reason that hair colouring is
very dangerous, since it break down the hair
cuticle, which is the outermost layer of the hair. The
purpose of the cuticle is to protect the inner shaft of
hair, ammonia destroys this layer of protection and
opens up the inner hair shaft for the dyeing agent to
colour the hair within. Not having that layer of
protection, even for a few days can be very
damaging to the inner layers.
Hydrogen peroxide, like mentioned earlier, is an
oxidizing agent, which means that there’s going
to be a chemical reaction in the hair. This
reaction has oxidative stress on hair, it ages and
may end up causing some hair to fall out. H2O2
also is one of the main reasons why hair loses
its natural texture, since of all the chemicals it
reacts with to get the colour right, you pay the
price of loosing beautiful hair texture, shine and
appearance
Quickkkk!! Use it before it's too late !
Oxidation plays a big role in hair colouring, thus making it very
useful and dangerous. For starters it is the kick to the chemical
reaction which gets your hair bleached and ready to colour. But
when the molecules in the mixture come in contact with the air,
sunlight etc.. they quickly start to be less and less effective. So to
sum it up, you can’t store already mixed hair dye because it may
burst the container, but mainly because if kept out for longer than
an hour it becomes ineffective and may even cause some serious
allergic reactions in your hair if applied later on.
How does hair colour get on every single strand of hair?
The ammonia and hydrogen peroxide do the magical work. When ammonia breaks the
cuticle, hydrogen peroxide breaks the chemical bonds in hair thus releasing sulphur. That
released sulphur by the way makes everything stinky. Anywho, The new dye then gets
oxidised goes and colours the hair from within since there is no more cuticle and the hair
cortex is exposed which makes it vulnerable to the new pigments.
The main 3 faces of hair dye
Well by now I’ve talked about these three quite a lot, the main ingredients that are
in almost all hair dyes are ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and
p-phenylenediamine(PPD). However, this doesn’t mean that they are the only
chemicals that are in your Garnier Nutrisse, the last component are the coupling
agents. These agents dictate what colour your hair will be, they react with the main
chemicals and colour the hair shaft the desired colour.
Hydrogen Peroxide, around us and in us
This nifty little acid is present in many products that we use on a daily basis. It is
used in personal care products, bleaches, toothpaste, mouthwashes, bathroom
cleaners, laundry detergents and of course in HAIR DYE. However, those aren’t
the only places that you would find Hydrogen peroxide, it is present in your
lungs, guts and your ano thyroid gland (this is the organ that releases hormones
into the bloodstream).
Sources
Links:
-
-
-
Guenard, R. (2015, January 02). Hair dye: A history. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/hair-dye-a-history/383934/z
NC, A. (n.d.). Hair dye history: Crazy ways ancient people colored their hair. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://artisanhaircary.com/blog/hair-dye-history-crazy-ways-ancient-people-colored-their-hair/
Hopp, D. (n.d.). From 1500 BC to 2015 AD: The EXTRAORDINARY history of hair color. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.byrdie.com/hair-color-history#300-bc
Russa. (2020, October 16). Hair dye Safety: What you need to know About salon and Box Color. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://health.clevelandclinic.org/hair-dye-safety-what-you-need-to-know-about-salon-and-box-color/#:~:text=Hair%20dyes%2C%20on%20the%20other,PPDA)%20%E2%80%93
%20a%20common%20allergen.
Mauveine a. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mauveine-A#:~:text=Mauveine%20A%20%7C%20C26H23N4%2B%20%2D%20PubChem
Clairol timeline. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.clairol.com/en-GB/inside-clairol
Interest, P., Pearltreessays:, C., Jedoublensays:, & A Rational Understanding of Everyday Dangers | tylerchemistrysays:. (2018, March 16). The chemistry of Permanent hair
Dyes. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/05/14/hair-dyes/
Anne Marie Helmenstine, P. (n.d.). The science behind how hair coloring works. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/salon-hair-color-chemistry-602183#:~:text=Peroxide%20is%20used%20as%20the,bonded%20to%20the%20hair%20cortex.
Ashleyjlong, & Instructables. (2017, October 01). Hair dye science. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.instructables.com/Hair-Dye-Science/
Medical information and health advice you can trust. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.healthline.com/
The cons of coloring your hair at home. (2019, February 22). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://americanbeautystar.com/article/pros-and-cons-of-coloring-your-hair/
What is oxidation in hair color? (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.schwarzkopf-professionalusa.com/en/home/education/ask/essential-skills/0014/what-is-oxidation-in-hair-color.mobile.html#:~:text=Surplus%20oxygen%20reacts%20w
ith%20existing,red%2C%20blue%20and%20yellow%20tones.
Interest, P., Pearltreessays:, C., Jedoublensays:, & A Rational Understanding of Everyday Dangers | tylerchemistrysays:. (2018, March 16). The chemistry of Permanent hair Dyes.
Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/05/14/hair-dyes/
Hydrogen peroxide Uses, benefits, and Chemical safety facts. (2021, April 06). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.chemicalsafetyfacts.org/hydrogen-peroxide/#:~:text=Hydrogen%20peroxide%2C%20a%20chemical%20that,cleaners%20and%20laundry%20stain%20removers.
HarvardMed. (2009, June 03). Hydrogen peroxide Marshals immune system. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-06/hms-hpm060109.php#:~:text=In%20the%20human%20body%2C%20hydrogen,%2C%20gut%2C%20and%20thyroid%20gland.
Thyroid gland: Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid-nodules/thyroid-gland-controls-bodys-metabolism-how-it-works-symptoms-hyperthyroi#:~:text=The%20thyroid%20is%20part%2
0of,Thyroxine%20(T4)
Sources part 2, the source of pictures
Pictures, in order that they appear(the written scanned pictures are done by me)
Maril, A. (2021, March 13). Organic hair dye is a myth-but you can still find clean hair color. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.harpersbazaar.com/beauty/hair/a28073244/organic-natural-hair-dye-brands/
Tassi, P. (2018, December 31). Fortnite's ninja was 2018'S most Viewed Twitch channel and it wasn't even remotely close. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/insertcoin/2018/12/30/fortnites-ninja-was-2018s-most-viewed-twitch-channel-and-it-wasnt-even-remotely-close/?sh=709cce82dfe
c
Limited, A. (n.d.). Stock photo - Sappho, Ancient Greek poet. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.alamy.com/sappho-ancient-greek-poet-image245901492.html
The mystery of the Victorian purple dye. (2019, November 10). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://researchoutreach.org/articles/mystery-victorian-purple-dye/
L'Oréal (hair dyes). (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.firstversions.com/2016/07/loreal-hair-dyes.html
Mary Hilem, CLAIROL hair Color ad, HARPER'S Bazaar, may 1960: CLAIROL hair color, Clairol, hair color. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/18295942221216785/
Anderson, P. (2018, June 27). Does she...or doesn't she? Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://kenzielanderson.wordpress.com/2018/06/27/does-she-or-doesnt-she/
Hydrogen peroxide: The BODY'S best defence system. (2019, September 17). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/general-science-you-asked/hydrogen-peroxide-bodys-best-defence-system
Ammonia 5L - Ecochem - cleaning products. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.ecochem.co.nz/?attachment_id=2399
Ah yes meme generator. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://imgflip.com/memegenerator/209905706/Ah-yes
Pin on burn it with fire. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/297448750374954993/
22, A. (2021, February 24). Megan's "interesting". Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/megans-interesting
Ah yes meme generator. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://imgflip.com/memegenerator/209905706/Ah-yes
Sources sources everywhere - buzz and woody (toy story) meme: Sources. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://makeameme.org/meme/sources-sources-everywhere-8h2hlw
Gatsby Gatsby - until next time! OLD SPORT! (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2021, from
https://memegenerator.net/instance/57503247/gatsby-gatsby-until-next-time-old-sport
Download
Study collections