ENGLISH A
SCHOOL-BASED ASSESSMENT
Candidate Name: Tamala Parchment
Centre Number: 100319
Topic: Negative Effects of Smoking
School: Gaynstead High School
Date of Examination: May 2020
Table of Content
Plan of Investigation………………………………………………… PAGE 3
Reflection #1…………………………………………………………. PAGE 4
Reflection #2…………………………………………………………. PAGE 5
Reflection #3…………………………………………………………. PAGE 6
Oral Presentation……………………………………………………. PAGE 7
Group Written Report……………………………………………….. PAGE 8-9
Artefacts
Artefact #1………………………………………………….. PAGE 10
Artefact #2…………………………………………………. PAGE 11-18
Artefact #3…………………………………………………. PAGE 19
Bibliography……………………………………………………...... PAGE 20
References…………………………………………………………. PAGE 21
Plan Of Investigation
Theme: Smoking
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Topic: Negative Effects of Smoking
I chose the topic “Negative Effects of Smoking” because it is a massive and serious issue in
the society, and this will widen my knowledge about the effects caused.
This research is beneficial to me as an English student because I will know medically how
to explain to smokers the negative effect and impact that is left on the human body after
consuming certain drugs.
I will gather the relevant information-a picture, article and video- from the internet and
known smokers around my environment.
I will use the language skills: summarizing and critical thinking. These will be used when I
am writing my reflection and report.
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Reflection #1
How the material I Have Selected Shaped my Thinking on my Topic
The first artifact that I have selected was a picture. It shows where the lung is badly
damaged as a result of smoking. This artifact made me feel sympathetic towards smokers,
especially the ones that are ignorant towards the negative effects of smoking and also to
how deadly it is.
The second artifact that I have selected was an article by Danielle Dresden entitled
“How Does Smoking Affect the Body?”. It explains that smoking can lead to life
threatening complications and death. This artifact made me feel the need to share my
information with smokers around me, so I can educate them about how dangerous smoking
is.
Finally, the last artifact that I selected was a video entitled “Smoking Causes
Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema”. The video explains that smoking can not only cause
diseases and life complications but also addictions and system dysfunctions. This artefact
made me feel well aware of how much damage is caused by this one action.
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Reflection #2
The first artifact is a photo depicting the comparison between a healthy lung and a
damaged one. The language technique that was used in the picture is the Compare and
Contrast technique. This is very effective because it emphasizes the negative effects, as it
shows what happens before and after smoking.
The second artifact explains that smoking causes serious health complications. The
language technique that was used in the article is the use of evidence technique. This is
effective because it proves all of the information correct with facts rather than opinion and
it also shows that research was done on this topic.
The last artefact shows some negative effects of smoking on the body and provides
information about it. The language technique that’s used in the video is Imagery. This is
effective because it vividly creates images that appeal to senses and it clearly paints the
picture of what will happen after smoking.
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Reflection #3
My topic along with the SBA process helps me to become a better person. This is so
because knowing all this useful information I can share them. I can share my knowledge
and help educate people who find it hard to quit smoking. They will gain knowledge which
can save their lives.
I will help them to realise that smoking can result in many diseases such as:
cancer,stroke and even death. I am pleased to be exposed to this information as I am able
to help others to realise that smoking can cause a negative effect among people in today’s
society.
Not only did this SBA research helped me to gain confidence in myself referring to
my oral presentation,but it also exposed me to different words and their meanings. This
research added to my knowledge and introduced me to unknown information which can
now be shared to people around me.
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Oral Presentation
Good morning to you all, my name is Tamala Parchment and my presentation will be about
the negative effects of smoking. My presentation will be in the form of an expository speech along
with a drama piece. These genres were selected because they are a perfect way to send across my
message. People will gravitate more to drama, as it draws attention and they will also have a keen
interest in the expository speech which will briefly educate them on the negative effects of
smoking. My artefacts have landed me with enough information to pull through with my
presentation and share with all of you. My presentation includes a mixture of the formal, informal
and conversational languages registered, this is because I strongly believe that this will make my
presentation clearer and my intellectual audience along with the teachers will understand with little
or no difficulty whatsoever.
We might all agree on how calm and relaxed smoking makes you feel, but behind the
wonderful feeling, there are many negative effects. Smoking causes many serious health
complications, such as lung damage, heart diseases, cancer, stroke and even death. I am sure that no
female in the room wants to have fertility problems in the near future. Smoking severely damages
your organs and it weakens your immune system making you more susceptible to illnesses. With
that being said be quiet and enjoy this drama piece entitled ‘The Danger of Smoking’.
Do not be a victim!
Quit Smoking Today!
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GROUP WRITTEN REPORT
Group Members
Leah-May Preston
Tamala Parchment
Britaniel Harrison
Jaheim Jackson
Jovane Daley
As a group, the five members had decided on the topic ‘SMOKING’ for this school
based assessment. We chose this topic as it is a predominant issue that affects mankind and
through scrutiny, we are determined to figure out why smoking is bad for humans and also
the negative effects on one’s body and the economy. Each member chose a topic that is
associated with smoking through observation and personal experience so that when
obtaining information we’ll get a concise meaning. Each group member uses three different
artefacts to depict their individual topic. We selected them because they highlight the
essential information that is needed for this school based assessment. Smoking is
appropriate for this assignment because it is prevailing in society and it’s widespread all
over as well. We were able to decide on four articles that spoke to our separate issues:
● Why do people smoke?
● What are the negative and positive effects of smoking?
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● How smoking affects pregnancy in women?
● How does smoking impact the economy's smoking industry?
We used Google as it is the most used search engine and has a variety of information linked
to our topic. From each piece of data we concluded that smoking is a predicament- a
situation that needs to be dealt with as soon as possible before chaos ensues. In all, each of
us understand our topic a lot more after constant research and in our opinion, smoking can
be reduced but it's just the people don't want to stop but in the end health matters.
English A
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Grade: 11
Artefact #1 (Picture)
https://pt.slideshare.net/helizabeth12/lung-cancer-13242382/4
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Artefact #2 (Article)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324644#1
How does smoking affect the body?
Smoking cigarettes can have many adverse effects on the body. Some of these
can lead to life-threatening complications.
In fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
smoking cigarettes increases the risk of dying from all causes, not just those
linked to tobacco use.
Smoking cigarettes affects the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the
reproductive system, the skin, and the eyes, and it increases the risk of many
different cancers.
In this article, we look at 10 possible effects of smoking cigarettes.
1. Lung damage
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Smoking cigarettes affects lung health because a person breathes in not only
nicotine but also a variety of additional chemicals.
Cigarettes are responsible for a substantial increase in the risk of developing
lung cancer. This risk is 25 times greater for men and 25.7 times greater for
women.
The CDC report that roughly 9 out of 10 lung cancer deaths is linked to
smoking.
Smoking cigarettes also presents a greater risk of developing and dying from
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). In fact, the American Lung
Association report that smoking causes 80 percent of COPD deaths.
Cigarettes are also linked to developing emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
They can also trigger or exacerbate an asthma attack.
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2. Heart disease
Smoking cigarettes can damage the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells.
The chemicals and tar in cigarettes can increase a person’s risk of
atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the blood vessels. This
buildup limits blood flow and can lead to dangerous blockages.
Smoking also increases the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), which
occurs when the arteries to the arms and legs start to narrow, restricting blood
flow.
Research shows a direct link between smoking and developing PAD. Even
those who used to smoke face a higher risk than people who never smoked.
Having PAD increases the risk of experiencing:
● blood clots
● angina, or chest pain
● a stroke
● a heart attack
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3. Fertility problems
Smoking cigarettes can damage a female’s reproductive system and make it
more difficult to get pregnant. This may be because tobacco and the other
chemicals in cigarettes affect hormone levels.
In males, the more cigarettes a person smokes and the longer they smoke for,
the higher the risk of erectile dysfunction. Smoking can also affect the quality
of the sperm and therefore reduce fertility.
4. Risk of pregnancy complications
According to the CDC, smoking can affect pregnancy and the developing
fetus in several ways, including:
● increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy
● reducing the baby’s birth weight
● increasing the risk of preterm delivery
● damaging the fetus’s lungs, brain, and central nervous system
● increasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome
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● contributing to congenital abnormalities, such as cleft lip or cleft
palate
5. Risk of type 2 diabetes
The CDC report that people who smoke regularly have a 30–40 percent
higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who do not.
Smoking can also make it more difficult for people with diabetes to
manage their condition.
6. Weakened immune system
Smoking cigarettes can weaken a person’s immune system, making them
more susceptible to illness.
It can also cause additional inflammation in the body.
7. Vision problems
Smoking cigarettes can cause eye problems, including a greater risk of
cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.
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Other vision problems related to smoking include:
● dry eyes
● glaucoma
● diabetic retinopathy
8. Poor oral hygiene
People who smoke have double the risk of gum disease. This risk
increases with the number of cigarettes a person smokes.
Symptoms of gum disease include:
● swollen and tender gums
● bleeding when brushing
● loose teeth
● sensitive teeth
Smoking tobacco can limit a person’s ability to taste and smell things
properly. It can also stain the teeth yellow or brown.
9. Unhealthy skin and hair
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Smoking tobacco can affect a person’s skin and hair. A person who
smokes may experience prematurely aged, wrinkled skin. They also have
a higher risk of skin cancer, “especially on the lips.”
Smoking can cause the hair and skin to smell of tobacco. It can also
contribute to hair loss and balding.
10. Risk of other cancers
In addition to the well-documented link with lung cancer, smoking
cigarettes can also contribute to other forms of cancer.
The American Cancer Society report that cigarette smoking causes 20–30
percent of pancreatic cancers.
People who smoke are also three times as likely to develop bladder cancer
than people who do not.
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Smoking cigarettes can also double a person’s risk of stomach cancer.
Tobacco is especially linked to stomach cancers that occur near the
esophagus.
Cigarettes can also increase the risk of:
● mouth cancer
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laryngeal cancer
throat cancer
esophageal cancer
kidney cancer
cervical cancer
liver cancer
colon cancer
acute myeloid leukemia
Artefact #3 (Video)
Smoking Causes Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwuwrRK-I2Y&t=327s
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REFERENCES
Banton, Z.Y. & Salmon Ten Fah, C. (2017) .CSEC English SBA Teachers’ Guide &
Resource Book. Montego Bay: St. James. Zandreah Banton & Corysa Salmon Ten Fah.
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