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Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards | Quizlet
Antihypertensive Drugs
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Terms in this set (34)
what is an important nursing
give intial dose within bedtime to avoid first dose
implication to remember when
effects. (fainting withing 30 to 60 min)
giving prazosin?
• Prevents post-myocardial
infarction (MI) complication
(left ventricular hypertrophy)
what are the primary effects of
ACE inhibitors on CV?
→ ↓ SVR and preload ability
→ stops ventricular
remodeling
• ↓ morbidity/mortality in HF
• Medication of choice for
HTN with HF
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• Fatigue
• Dizziness*
• Headache
• Mood changes
What are the adverse effects of
ACE inhibitors?
• Impaired taste
*Note: First-dose hypotensive effect may occur
• Possible hyperkalemia
• Dry, nonproductive cough, which reverses when
therapy is stopped
• Angioedema: rare but potentially fatal (risk: African
americans)
• ACE inhibitors can cause renal impairment
What are the ACE inhibitor
• Monitor serum creatinine levels
specific nursing implications?
• ACE inhibitors can also cause hyperkalemia
• Monitor serum potassium levels
Indication: ARBs
What are the manifestations of
Hypertension and HF pts who can't tolerate ACE
inhibitors (No dry mouth)
Hypertension and Tacycardia
toxicity of ARBs?
What are the treatment for OD
symptomatic and supportive (may include
ARBs?
intravenous fluids to expand blood volume)
What are the effects of
vasodilators?
Indication: Vasodilators
• Decreased SVR
• Decreased afterload
• Peripheral vasodilation
Hypertension
Hypertension crisis (emergency)
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known hypersensitivity, severe HF, and known
Contraindication:
inadequate cerebral perfusion (especially during
neurosurgical surgery)
What is used to treat
Sildenafil and tadalafil
pulmonary HTN?
• Before beginning therapy, obtain a thorough
Nursing management:
Assessment
health
history and head-to-toe physical examination
• Assess for contraindications/conditions for
cautiousness
Educate clients about the importance of not missing
a dose and taking the medications exactly as
prescribed
Instruct clients to check with their healthcare
provider (HCP) for instructions on what to do if a
Patient education about doses
dose is missed; clients should never double up on
doses if a dose is missed
Instruct clients that these medications should not be
stopped abruptly because this may cause a
rebound hypertensive crisis, and perhaps lead to
stroke
What BP is considered
BP= greater than 180/120
hypertension crisis?
which adrenergic blocker are
Clonidine
prescribed for central acting
Methyldopa
hypertension?
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What drugs are peripheral
acting alpha 1 blocker?
What drugs are adrenergic
beta blockers?
What drugs are dual acting
alpha and beta blockers
Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards | Quizlet
- ZOSIN
Dopazosin
Prazosin
-OLOL
metoprolol
Atenolol
-LOL
labetalol
carvedilol
-Orthostatic hypotension
What are the side effects of
- reflex tachycardia
prazosin?
- inhibit ejaculation
- nasal congestion
MOA of ACE inhibitor
Inhibit the RAAS
Block from angiotension 2 --> decrease BP,
First line medication for HF and HTN
Indication: ACE inhibitor
Block Na and H2O retention
Decrease afterload
• Reduce glomerular filtration
pressure
• Reduce proteinuria
what are the primary renal
• Medication of choice for
effects of ACE inhibitors?
CV disease with diabetes
• Standard therapy for
preventing diabetic
neuropathy progression
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What medication should be
Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards | Quizlet
NSAIDs. Decrease effects
taken with caution when taking
ACE inhibitor?
• Allow angiotensin I to be converted to
MOA of ARBs (Angiotensin II
angiotensinII, but block the receptors that receive
Receptor Blockers )
angiotensin II
• Block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
What are the examples of ARBs
- SARTAN
losartan, valsartan, irbesartan
• Chest pain
• Fatigue, weakness,
anemia
Adverse effects: ARBs
• Hypoglycemia
• Diarrhea
• Urinary tract infections
• Dry skin
•Block flow of calcium ions in cells of muscles and
blood vessels...less calcium in cells means less
MOA of calcium channel
muscle contraction...vasodilation!
blockers (CCBs)
• Decreased peripheral smooth muscle tone
• Decreased SVR
• Decreased BP
- diltiazam
What are the common CCBs?
- verapamil
- amoldipine
- nilfedapine
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• Angina *
• HTN (amlodipine)
• Dysrhythmias *
• Migraine headaches (HA)
Indication: CCBs
• Raynaud's disease
• Prevent cerebral artery
spasms after subarachnoid
hemorrhage (nimodipine)
• CV
• Hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia
Adverse Effects: CCB
• Gastrointestinal (GI)
• Constipation, nausea
• Other
• Rash, flushing, peripheral edema, dermatitis
Directly relax arteriolar and/or venous smooth
muscle
MOA of vasodilator
• Results in:
• Decreased SVR
• Decreased afterload
• Peripheral vasodilation
What are the examples of
diazoxide, hydralazine, minoxidil, nitroprusside
vasodilators?
Indication: Sodium
Nitroprusside
Used in the intensive care setting for severe
hypertensive emergencies (crisis); titrated to effect
by IV infusion
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