Cell Structure and Functions
Every organ in our body performs a variety of different functions such
as digestion, assimilation, and absorption. Similarly, in the plants too,
there are different organs of the plant which performs specialized or
specific functions. For instance, the roots of the plants help in the
absorption of minerals and water.
In our body and in the body of every living organism, every organ is
composed of smaller parts known as tissues. A tissue is a group of like
cells that perform a specific function. Let’s learn more about the cell
structure and functions.
Cell Membrane
One of the most important parts of the cell is the cell membrane. The
cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable barrier. It allows only a few
molecules across it and fences the majority of organically produced
chemicals inside the cell.
The primary components of the cell are – cell membrane, nucleus, and
cytoplasm. The nucleus and cytoplasm are enclosed within the cell
membrane that is also known as the plasma membrane. It works to
separate cells from one another and also the cell from the surrounding
medium. The plasma membrane is porous and allows the movements of
materials or substances both inward and outward.
Cell membrane offers shape and rigidity to the cell. In the case of the
plant cells, besides the cell membrane, there is also an outer thick layer
that is known as the cell wall. This additional layer which surrounds the
cell membrane is necessary for offering the requisite protection to the
plants.
The cells of the plants need protection against the variations in
temperature, high wind speed, atmospheric moisture, etc. The plants are
exposed to variations since they cannot move. You can easily observe
the cells in the lead peel of Rhoeo, Tradescantia or Elodea.
Cytoplasm
Another important part of the cell is the cytoplasm. It is a jelly-like
substance that is present between the nucleus and the cell membrane.
There are a number of other components or organelles of the cell that
can be found in the cytoplasm. These are mitochondria, Golgi bodies,
ribosomes, etc.