JOINTS WORKBOOK Key terms Term joint Definition ligament tendon to articulate motility Types of Joints Type fibrous cartilaginous synovial Description Example Structure of a Synovial Joint The Bone Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0E5Nckxu5g Verse 1 14 bones make up my face Verse 5 The _____________ bones surround an empty space. 28 _____________ in my fingers and thumbs No that’s not right, they’re protecting my brain! And 44 bones already, still not done! Where was I let’s start again. 1 coxal – a hip, 1 _____________ - a thigh, Verse 2 2 _____________ are kneecaps – my, oh my! 22 bones under my hair; 3 _____________ in each ear. Verse 6 The _____________ bone inside my throat. _____________ and fibula in each shin, Who knew that? Let’s make a note! Tibia’s fat, and _____________ thin! Each ankle has 7 _____________ bones Verse 3 Twist them, sprain them, hear them groan! 26 _____________ in my spine, 24 _____________ in this chest of mine, Verse 7 The _____________ keeps them all apart, 10 _____________ in the balls of my feet. They’re protecting my lungs and my heart. 28 _____________ in my toes..that’s so neat! How many bones is that, you ask? Verse 4 Well, add them them up….. 2 bones in each shoulder, front and back. And complete the task! 3 in each arm, it’s the muscles I lack! 206!!!!!!! 8 _____________ that make up each of my wrists 5 _____________ per palm, how’s our list? Knee Injury Poster Circus Ligaments of the knee ACL Injuries What is the primary purpose of the ACL? How can the ACL be torn or injured? What are some activities where the ACL is commonly injured? According to AAOS, which groups of athletes are at a higher risk of ACL injuries? PCL Injuries What is the primary purpose of the PCL? PCL sprains usually occur because of: How are PCL’s most often injured? MCL Injuries Where is the MCL located on the knee & what does it do? How does the MCL primarily get injured? Which contact sports report a high rate of MCL injuries? Cartilage Injuries What is the primary purpose of cartilage? What is a meniscus tear? What are some signs & symptoms of a meniscal tear? What may occur if the meniscus goes untreated? Osgood Schlatter disease What are the two ways in which Osgood-Schlatter Disease may affect boys 10 -15 years of age? 1) 2) What are some symptoms of Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease? Tendon Injuries What is tendinitis? What two groups of people are more prone to these tendinitis injuries? Treatment of Knee Injuries PHYSICAL THERAPY: RICE: Evaluation Rest Therapy Ice Education Compression Aftercare Elevation Extension task Diagnose the patients. Explain your reasoning! Different Types of Synovial Joints Joint Type Hinge Pivot Ball and socket Saddle Condyloid Gliding Movement at joint Examples Structure Movement at synovial joints Skipping Serving a tennis ball Throwing a baseball A penalty kick in football Explain the movements occurring at each synovial joint during four different types of physical activity. Dissecting a Leg Lab Aim: The aim of this activity is to make you aware of the elements of the skeletal system and how they interrelate. Materials: • Raw chicken leg quarter - one for each pair • Sharp scissors – one per pair • Plastic gloves Cutting tile Procedure: Our leg is very much like that of a chicken including the femur (thigh bone), knee (hinge joint), fibula and tibia (smaller bones of the shin), cartilage, and ligaments that are all part of our skeletal system. Beyond that, we also have similar muscle structure, tendons, fat, and skin. We will be exploring each of these similar characteristics. Shade in the bullet point to show each activity completed 1. Place the chicken leg, skin side up, on the cutting tile. o Point out the texture of the skin. o Identify the follicles where feathers grew. o Feel the skin. 2. Turn the chicken leg over. o Understand that the part you call the meat is actually the muscle. Identify the fat. o You may want to pull off some of the fat and show the difference in the consistency of the muscle and fat. o Locate the end of the bone that may be seen at either end of the leg. o Identify the cartilage as the white tissue that surrounds the end of the bone to protect it. -The purpose of the cartilage is to keep bones from touching each other. -It stops the wearing down of bone that would occur if the bones were in constant contact with each other. 3. Return the chicken leg to the skin up position. o Pull the skin of the thigh back to show the underside of the skin. o Locate the blood vessels of the skin. 4. Remove the remainder of the skin. o Review the other tissue that is now visible (fat, muscle, cartilage, bone). o Compare and contrast the different types of tissue. 5. Pick up the leg and bend the joint. o Show that it is a hinge joint because it only moves in one direction. o Demonstrate the movement of the joint. 6. Using scissors, carefully cut away some of the muscle to expose tendons (white areas of the muscle) that connect the muscle to the bone. -Tendons are part of the muscular system. -They become very evident near the ends of the bones. -Ligaments are more difficult to locate. -Ligaments attach the bones to other bones. o Look around the joint and attempt to locate ligaments. o Also expose the cartilage for viewing. o Show that the cartilage surrounds the bone where it would be touching another bone. -Cartilage is the protective cushion between bones. -DO NOT expose the joint yet. o Point out the various shapes of the muscles. 7. Carefully cut away the muscle, fat, tendons, etc. to expose as much of the bone and joint as possible. o Show that the joint is well protected by cartilage. o Demonstrate the hinge joint and the type movement possible with a hinge joint. -It will only move in one direction. 8. o o o o Carefully break the hinge joint. View both parts of the hinge joint. Demonstrate how they fit together. Note the amount of cartilage protecting each part of the joint. Review again that cartilage is between bones, ligaments hold bone to bone, tendons hold muscle to bone. 9. Carefully break the largest bone. Do not crush the bone. o Observe the red jelly-like tissue inside the bone. -This is the bone marrow. -Marrow produces red blood cells and platelets for use throughout our body. o Use the point of the scissors to show the consistency of the marrow. o Discuss how brittle the one is and how easily it was broken. Bone Injuries - webquest 1. STRAINS AND SPRAINS Go to http://www.hughston.com/hha/a.strain-sprain.htm What is the difference between a SPRAIN and a STRAIN? 2. ARTHRITIS: TWO TYPES a. Osteoarthritis http://www.medicinenet.com/osteoarthritis/article.htm - Description/Cause: - What are “bone spurs” and how are they associated with OA? http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bone-spurs/DS00627 - How does this relate to Wolff’s Law? b. Rheumatoid Arthritis http://www.arthritis.org/disease-center.php?disease_id=31 - Description of rheumatoid arthritis: - How does RA differ from OA? 3. VIRTUAL SURGERY! Your turn to be the doctor! Write a brief description of the steps involved in ONE Pick one: http://www.edheads.org/activities/knee/ OR http://www.edheads.org/activities/hip/ 4. BONE FRACTURES: http://www.medicinenet.com/fracture/article.htm a. Greenstick fracture: (draw and define) b. Comminuted fracture: (draw and define) c. Compound fracture: (draw and define) 5. WHAT´S UP WITH THE PHRASE ‘DOUBLE-JOINTED? –CAN YOU EXPLAIN WHAT IT MEANS? http://www.personal.psu.edu/afr3/blogs/SIOW/2010/09/why-are-some-people-double-jointed.html 6. CRACKING YOUR KNUCKLES?… (be sure to visit BOTH sites) http://www.livescience.com/health/060710_mm_joints_crack.html http://www.physorg.com/news64162917.html a. What are the different explanations behind what causes the “popping” sounds associated with jointpopping? b. Can cracking your knuckles cause arthritis? Joints Review Questions – try and complete these WITHOUT your notes!
