HANDOUT #8B
TEXT STRUCTURES: COHESION WORDS
(ELD PART II, STANDARS 2, 6, & 7)
TEXT
STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTION PRIMARY
GENRES FOR
WRITING
COHESION WORDS
Description
The author
provides a detailed
description of
something to give
the reader a
mental picture.
Science process,
recount a historical
event
For example, in fact, furthermore, like,
as, however, in other words, time as
spatial words such as during the night,
on the left
Order/Sequence
The author gives
the chronology of
events or a list of
steps in a
procedure.
Nonfiction:
biographies,
sequencing of
historical events
Before, initially, to begin with,
preceding, prior to, previously, next,
during, following, finally, after, on, not
long, now, as, when, then
Informational Text:
directions,
description of
processes, science
lab reports, math
problems
Explanatory essays,
explanations of
scientific
data/phenomena or
historical events
First/second/third…
Next, to begin with
Cause and Effect
The author
presents the causal
relationship
between a specific
event, idea, or
concept and the
events, ideas, or
concept that
follows.
Because, since, therefore, so that,
consequently, as a result, this led to, due
to, thus
Compare and
Contrast
The author
examines the
similarities and
differences
between two or
more people,
events, concepts,
ideas, etc.
Persuasive and
argumentative
writings;
informational
writings; literary
comparisons/reviews
Similarly, in the same way, just like, just
as, likewise, in comparison, also, same
as, however, but, on the other hand,
different than, by contrast
Problem/Solution
The author sets up
a problem(s),
explains the
solution, and then
discusses the
effects of the
solution.
Persuasive and
argumentative
writings across
content areas
The problem is, if/then,
because, so that, as a response, in
response to, due to, given that, in order
to, a solution is
Los Angeles County Office of Education, Curriculum and Instructional Services,
Multilingual Academic Support Unit 2016