CARBON TRADE IN TURKEY
What Is Carbon
Trading?
• Carbon trading is a market-based system. The main
purpose of this system is to decrease greenhouse
gases that contribute to global warming.
• Carbon trading is the buying and selling of credits
that allow a company or different organization to
emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide.
• Carbon credits and carbon trading are authorized
by governments. The reason for this is to gradually
decrease carbon emissions and their contribution to
climate change.
The
working
principle
of carbon
trading is
basically
as follows:
Every country is allowed to emit a
certain amount of carbon dioxide.
Countries that do not reach this
amount can sell the remaining
amount to countries that want to emit
more carbon dioxide.
These amounts are renewed and
reduced each year.
• The Paris Agreement
RELEVANT FACTS ABOUT CARBON
TRADE IN TURKEY
DEFINING THE ETHICAL
ISSUES
• Carbon trading is unethical and harmful in many
ways. If we need to define the ethical issues
involved in the situation, many things can be said.
• Carbon trading requires an increased concentration
of greenhouse gases that can increase global
warming and lead to increased air pollution.
• The carbon trading practice in Turkey has been tried
to be controlled, but the issue of carbon emission
standards has not been effective as it creates ethical
problems for different countries since it is not
possible to set a specific standard globally.
• Differentiation in climates, differentiation in the
geological environment and ethical dilemma are
becoming a problem for all countries in the context
of determining a measure for carbon emissions.
Therefore, creating an emissions trading system
is inherently objectionable and relatively weak.
Carbon trading is not a tangible market, it can
also create negative effects between countries.
Homogeneity issues stem from the nonlinear nature of
climate change. From a geographical point of view, the
extra amount of carbon released in some countries can
cause climate change in that geography and this means
that it is very harmful to the health of many living
things.
Issues of justice include the increase in
colonization and the concentration of wealth
among the rich. This means that carbon trading
prevents poverty reduction initiatives. That is, it
makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.
Identifying all
stakeholders:
All stakeholders affected by this
situation, can be found. It divided into
two as primary and secondary
stakeholders.
Among the primary stakeholders we
can count are companies since the
carbon market in Turkey is carried out
through voluntary work, that is, with
companies.
Another primary affected stakeholder is
nature. Since carbon trading can lead
to climate change when viewed
regionally, nature is the primary
stakeholder.
• Secondary stakeholders include the
public. With the effect of nature, that
is, with the change of the climate, the
people who will be affected are the
public living there.
• Another secondary stakeholder is the
workers in the company. The
company's carbon trading and active
operation means that employees in
that company will also be affected.
Analyze Each Aspects:
• Theories that will come to the fore in carbon trading are
biocentric ethics, ecocentric ethics, anthropocentric
ethics, utilitarianism, and deontology.
• Carbon trading is not a concrete market. This can lead to
conflicts between countries. Country presidents have
responsibilities towards society. According to deontology,
the individual has to fulfill these responsibilities. They
must ensure that peace between countries continues.
Ethical value is responsibility in this situation.
• Carbon trading causes wealth to grow among
the rich, but the poor start to get more and
more poor. This approach is wrong according
to utilitarianism theory. The fact that one
segment is richer than normal, and the other
is poorer than normally indicates that the
economy of that country is deteriorating. It is
also the right of the poor people to reach
prosperity. Ethical value in this situation is
justice. We can also talk about
anthropocentric ethics. People have a moral
value, and all people have the right to live in
good living standards.
• Setting a standard in carbon emissions is
very difficult. One of the reasons for this is
the geographical location of the countries.
The standard set may cause more
greenhouse gases than necessary for the
atmosphere in the location of that country.
According to ecocentric ethics, the unique
value of the ecology in its atmosphere must
be preserved. In this case, if we consider the
creatures that are affected by the greenhouse
gas, we also enter into biocentric ethics. All
living things have value, and decisions to
protect them must be made correctly.
Identify the Consequences:
• One of the primary stakeholders in Turkey is companies without
government support. Companies can profit from carbon trading in the
short term. In the long term, companies may begin to view carbon
trading as a means of making money. This can increase the amount
of carbon rather than reduce it. The public then starts to hate the
companies and can quickly sue. Companies may suffer financial
losses in the future.
• The second of the primary stakeholders is nature. In the early days,
when the amount of carbon is reduced, positive effects can be
observed in nature. If carbon trading becomes a business for profit, it
can generate more greenhouse gasses than nature can handle. In the
long term, it may cause climate change in the region.
• Secondary stakeholders are the people and the first of these is the people living in the
environment. They can many problems due to climate change. Famine is the biggest problem
among them. People can also experience poverty due to the fact that the carbon trade is
among the rich. Other secondary stakeholders are the workers employed in these companies.
Workers can be harmed indirectly by the mistakes made by the companies. For example, some
may be laid off. If we consider all of these in detail, people who are in financial difficulties and
hungry may commit suicide or revolt.
PRINCIPLES, LAWS,
REGULATIONS
Carbon trading is effective with its policies of reducing carbon
emissions, however the system has imperfections. There can
be some actions to take to prevent such downsides:
• Reducing greenhouse gas emission by the government of Turkey: This action can be taken if the
conflicts of carbon trading are not wanted, such as profits for companies, conflicts between countries etc.
The emission rates will be defined by the governmental ministries. This action can alienate Turkey among
the other countries that apply carbon trade or other policies.
• Creating a permanent metric for all countries by setting a carbon emission standard: There will be
no differentiation or relaxation in the metric of carbon emission for any country. It is not practical to expect
all countries to accept this. Also, some countries like well-developed ones need more production than
others, the limit needs to be considered for their needs.
• All the countries should create a common goal for the reduction of carbon emission by using more
eco-friendly practices: Similar to the second one but less strict and a different method of applying
common eco-friendly practices such as more recycling, less fossil fuels. A world standard will be
determined for emissions. Just like the second action, we cannot expect all countries to comply and
reduce their activities regarding to their needs.
• Turkey should take a step to enforce strong legal action to reduce reckless carbon trading: Just
involves Turkey, impactful for the corrupt companies to not neglect the laws of carbon trading to turn them
into profits. The downside is that some voluntary companies may not want to involve, and the carbon
trading market can suffer.
 Setting parameters or creating a
common goal with the encouragement
of eco-friendliness for all the countries
are not very applicable in common
sense. Every country has different
carbon emissions regarding to its needs.
Government controlled greenhouse gas
emissions in Turkey may not be enough
to compete with other countries who
apply carbon trade policies. The most
plausible one can be seen as improving
regulations in Turkey. With this
approach, improving the laws we
already have will have more effect and
need less force to implement.
 First, we have noted in their favour that
emissions trading schemes may
minimize waste and
recognize person’
interest in liberty.
 Second, we provided a classification of
ethical objections to the market.
 That said, we examined many different
initiatives to show that emissions
trading schemes are valid.
 Finally, we have argued that emissions
trading schemes do not elide the
distinction.
Conclusion
• Carbon trade in the world and in Turkey allows the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere
and aims to reduce the possible effects of climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol reports this situation. The trade chaos
of carbon trade, which consists of the difference in the
level of development of the countries, has created both a
commercial injustice between rich countries and poor
countries and led to unethical situations. Greenhouse
gases have led to situations that will pose a threat to living
things on earth. That is why the main purpose of carbon
trade in Turkey and in the world is to minimize greenhouse
gases and carbon dioxide emissions in the world.
THANKS FOR LISTENING
• AHSEN ÇİSEM ÇÖNOĞLU – 270211010
• CANSEL YARAN – 270211014
• EGE TEMİZTEPE – 270211017
• MUHAMMED EREN ALIRIZ – 270211021
• SELEN İNCİ – 280211040
• YAĞMUR ZEYNEP EGİTİM – 270211028