ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING I
WATER SUPPLY ENGINNEERING
&
WASTEWATER ENGINEERING
ARUN KUMAR T
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
KOCHI
Jan 20th 2021
SCHOOL OF ENGINEEING
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Science
Environment
Ecology
Ecosystem
Engineering
Technology
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Water Supply Engineering Wastewater Engineering
[Sewage Treatment and Disposal]
Water Pollution (Stream/River Pollution)
Air Pollution
Soil Pollution (Land Pollution)
Thermal Pollution
Marine Pollution
Noise Pollution
Solid Waste Management
Hazardous Waste Management
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Maintain the Environment around us
Safe, Clean and Healthy
Due to the various activities of man
–Domestic filed
–Agricultural spheres
–Industrial sector
Environment around us consisting of
SOIL, WATER & AIR Polluted
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Environmental Engineering is that part of
Engineering which deals with the techniques of
finding out
(i) The causes and extend of various types of
potential pollutions
(ii) The adverse effect of Pollution
(iii)The Control and Remedial Measures of
Environmental Pollution
SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Discuss major environmental issues and challenges around the
world and come out with Engineering solutions that are
sustainable to the present generations and society.
The pollutional discharge in the nature, namely in the water,
air and soil, disturbs the ecosystem, endangering the health
and safety of the man and other living beings. The impact of
the pollution in nature, the extend of damage to ecosystem,
adverse effects to pollution of environment and the remedial
and control methods are the major subjects within the scope
of discussion in Environmental engineering
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND ISSUES
Environmental Problems:
(i) Water Supply Engineering
(ii) Wastewater Management [sewage treatment and
Disposal ]
(iii) Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
(iv) Industrial Waste Disposal [Ind. Pollution Control ]
(v) Solid Waste Management
(vi) Air Pollution
(vii) Odour Pollution
(viii)Noise Pollution
(ix) Thermal Pollution
(x) Nuclear Waste Disposal
(xi) Environmental Impact Assessment
DUTY OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
An Environmental Engineer should be conversant with
subject matters as discussed before.
The first and foremost task of an environmental engineer is primarily
take up any water works prior to its construction till its
commissioning.
He should be aware of elements of planning, design, construction
and operation of water works.
If he is not, he will endanger the health of the community or industry
that his works are to serve.
A proper planning will lead to feasibility and economy of the
scheme.
A better design will increase the efficiency of the plant.
DUTY OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
Efficient supervision and execution will bring up the plant with
perfection comparatively lower constructional cost.
Operation of water works will include safe palatable water supply;
– to have control over the quantity of water supply
– and to protect the areas of treatment units, distribution
system and the water source from any type of pollution.
Routine Laboratory analysis of water also comes under the operation
of the plant.
Though routine tests are performed by chemist or biologists, the
water works engineer should be aware of the significance of the tests
with their experimental procedures.
DUTY OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
The drinking water may convey enteric diseases like cholara,
typhoid, dysentery etc. Chemical and biological research eventually
provided the tools for controlling the water borne diseases in
otherwords ensuring the safety as well as palatability and economic
usefulness of water. If water is not attractive to the sense of sight,
taste and smell, if it disgusts the consumers, people will shun its use
and either drink amounts that are insufficient to meet the
physiological needs or seek water from sources that though may be
pleasant to the senses, infact are contaminated or otherwise
hygienically unsafe or dangerous.
DUTY OF AN SANITARY ENGINEER
To play active role in the development of the filed wastewater
engineering, a sanitary engineer must clearly understand the
fundamentals on which its is based.
Proper planning, economic design and efficient execution will lead
to a successful sewerage and solid waste management projects.
Our community expect that the sanitary engineers will help in
keeping a clean and healthy environment by introducing modern
methods of collection, treatment and disposal of waste matters.
He should also conversant with the problem of solid waste
transportation which include selection of proper types and number
of transport fleet.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Global Environmental Problems (Challenges)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Green House Effect
Global Warming
Ozone Layer Depletion
Acid Rain
Deforestation
Population Explosion
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
GLOBAL WARMING
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
ACID RAIN
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
DEFORRESTATION
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
POPULATION EXPLOSION
He should responsible for setting up of the Laboratory, selection and
inclusion of the set of experiments, drawing conclusion of the
experimental results and deciding remedial steps accordingly.
Water
Pure water: chemical compound - H2O
H2O
Two H atoms & One Oxygen atom
Pure water can never be available in nature
It dissolves certain gases, trace minerals & other
substances
When once precipitation reaches on the earth’s
surface, more opportunities for the introduction
of physical, chemical bacterial impurities in it.
As the rain water flows over the earth, it picks up
or dissolves particle of soil, garbage , sewage,
pesticides and other human, animal or chemical
waste
Water
It may also dissolve certain decayed organic
material such as plants or dead animals
As the surface water seeps into ground water,
- most suspended particles are filtered out,
- The water dissolves mineral and salts presents in
the Earth’s layers, through which it travels before
joining the water table [Aquifers].
The impurities which water dissolves as dissolved
matters, may sometimes makes it more useful and
potable for public water uses and especially for
drinking and sometimes it may render it harmful
and unfit.
Water
For example:
Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Fluorine etc.
- in small quantities it may be useful and
good for the health of people
[because human beings need a certain amount of
these elements in their bodies]
But when these materials and others are
dissolved in large amounts or in certain
combinations, the water become unfit or less
useful for municipal, industrial and other uses.
Water
For example:
Sometime water may contains toxic or poisonous
substances such as
Arsenic Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cyanides,
Lead, Selenium, Silver, Copper etc
Sometime water may contains too much of salt,
thereby rendering it brackish and making it
unpalatable & less useful for cloth washing or
irrigation and farming.
Water
Similarly, sometimes the water may contain
harmful bacteria, the presence of which may
cause disease such as
Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Gastro-enteritis,
Infectious hepatitis [Jaundice]
Water
To ensure safety to public health, economy and
utility in industries and other uses, it , therefore,
becomes imperative upon the planners and
designers of the public water supply schemes to
thoroughly check, analyse and treat the raw
water available to safe and permissible limits,
before supplying to the public.
This is true and more strictly adhered to when water is
supplied to municipal uses such as drinking, bathing, washing
etc.
When water is solely for industries or for
irrigation, the quality standard may vary
depending upon the requirements of each
industry.
Water
The quality requirements for certain selected
industries are so great that these industries have
to develop their own supplies