(e) Calculate the average speed and average velocity
Hitung laju purata dan halaju purata
LESSON 2: ANALYSING MOTION GRAPHS
Displacement – time graphs / Graf sesaran lawan masa
Displacement/m
Gradient = Velocity
Sesaran/m
Kecerunan = halaju
time/s
masa/s
s/m
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
s/m
Type of motion :
Corak Gerakan:
(f) Sketch a velocity against time graph.
Lakarkan graf halaju melawan masa
v/ms-1
0
10
30
35
t/s
Velocity – Time graphs / Graf halaju lawan masa
t/s
s/m
Gradient = acceleration
Kecerunan = pecutan
Area under the graph = displacement
Luas dibawah graf = sesaran
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
s/m
t/s
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
v/ms-1
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
s/m
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
Example 1
The following figure shows displacement – time graph of an
object.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan graf sesaran melawan masa untuk
suatu objek.
v/ms-1
Type of motion :
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
v/ms-1
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
v/ms-1
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
Based on the graph / Berdasarkan graf diatas
(a)state the section of the graph showing
nyatakan bahagian graf yang menunjukkan
(i) object moving away from origin
objek bergerak mejauhi asalan.
(ii) moving back to origin / objek berpatah balik ke asalan
v/ms-1
Type of motion:
Corak Gerakan:
t/s
Example 2
The following is the velocity-time graph of a car moving to the
right and turning to the left.
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan graf halaju melawan masa sebuah
kereta yang bergerak ke kanan dan berpatah balik ke kiri.
v/ms-1
(b) state how long the object is at rest
nyatakan berapa lama objek dalam keadaan pegun
(c) calculate the velocity at / hitung halaju pada bahagian
(i) AB
(ii) BC
(iii) CD
20
B
C
D
(d) Calculate the total distance and total displacement.
Hitung jumlah jarak dan jumlah sesaran
A0 2
-10
12
5 7 8
E
F
10
t/s
Based on the graph, / Berdasarkan graf diatas,
(a)State the section of the graph showing
Nyatakan bahagian graf yang menunjukkan
(i) acceleration / pecutan
(ii) deceleration / nyahpecutan
(a) Calculate the velocity over / Hitung halaju di
(i) JK
(ii) LM
(iii) MN
(b)How long the car was moving with constant velocity?
Berapa lama kereta tersebut bergerak dengan halaju
seragam?
(b) Calculate the / Hitung
(i) total distance / jumlah jarak
(c) State the point on the graph showing the car start to change
direction.
Nyatakan titik pada graf yang menunjukkan kereta tersebut
mula berubah arah.
(ii) total displacement of the lift. / jumlah sesaran
(d) Calculate the acceleration over / Hitung pecutan pada
(i) AB
(ii)BC
(iii)CD
(iv) EF
(c) Calculate / Hitung:
(i) average speed / laju purata
(ii) average velocity / halaju purata
(d) Sketch a velocity-time graph for the lift from J to N.
Lakarkan graf halaju-masa untuk pergerakkan lif dari J ke N
(d) Calculate / Hitung
(i) the total displacement / jumlah sesaran
(ii)
the total distance for the whole journey.
jumlah jarak untuk keseluruhan perjalanan
18. Diagram 6 shows the displacement against time graph for
the motion of a runner who is running along a straight line.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan graf sesaran-masa bagi larian seorang
pelari melalui garis lurus.
(e) Calculate / Hitung
(i) average velocity / halaju purata
(ii) average speed / laju purata
(f) Sketch an acceleration against time graph.
Lakarkan graf pecutan lawan masa
a/ms-2
0
2
5
8
10
Diagram 6
(a) Based on Diagram 6 what is the distance travelled by the
runner after 10s?
Berdasarkan Rajah 6 berapakah jumlah jarak yang dilalui
selepas 10 saat?
t/s
….…………………........................................................[1mark]
QUESTIONS
(b)What physical quantity is given the gradient of the graph in
Diagram 6?
Apakah kuantiti fizikal yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf?
/
17. Figure below shows a displacement-time graph of a lift
moving from the 4th floor to the 7th and goes down again
to the 1st floor.
Rajah dibawah menunjukkan graf sesaran melawan masa
bagi sebuah lif yang bergerak dari tingkat 4 ke tingkat 7
dan turun ke tingkat 1.
……………...................................................................[1mark]
(c) Describe the motion of the runner from,
Terangkan jenis gerakan pelari dari
(i) A to B
13
20 Diagram 4 shows the displacement-time graph for a toy car.
Rajah4 menunjukan graf sesaran-masa bagi sebuah kereta
mainan.
.................................................................................[1mark]
(ii)B to C
..................................................................................[1mark]
19. A bus is taking some children to school. The bus has to stop
a few times. Diagram below shows the distance–time graph
for part of the journey.
Sebuah bas mengambil beberapa kanak-kanak ke sekolah.
Bas tersebut terpaksa berhenti beberapa kali. Rajah dibawah
menunjukkan graf jarak melawan masa bagi sebahagian dari
perjalanan tersebut
Diagram4/Rajah4
(a) What is meant by displacement?
Apakahyangdimaksudkanolehsesaran?
[1m ]
……………..……………………………………………………….
(b) (i)Which point between O,A,B,C,D or E shows that the toy
car starts to change its direction of motion?
Titik manakah antara O,A,B,C,D or D yang menunjukkan
kereta mainan itu mula bertukar arah gerakannya? [1m]
……………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give reason for your answer in5 (b)(i).
Beri sebab untuk jawapan anda di 5(b)(i).
(i) How far has the bus travelled in the first 20 seconds?
Berapa jauhkah bas tersebut telah bergerak dalam 20 saat
pertama?
[1m]
..……………………………………………………………………
(c) (i)State the physical quantity which represents the gradient of
graph.
[1m]
Nyatakan kuantiti fizik yang menunjukkan kecerunan graf
itu.
…………………………………….........................................[1m]
(ii) On Diagram above show and label the section of the graph
showing the bus stop.
Pada Rajah diatas tunjuk dan label bahagian graf yang
menunjukkan bas tersebut berhenti.
[1m]
.……………………………………………………………………
(ii)Hence, calculate the velocity during OA, BC, and DE.
(iii) State the motion of the bus between 30 seconds and 60
seconds. Tick (√) one box.
[1m]
Nyatakan gerakkan bas tersebut diantara 30 saat ke 60 saat.
Tandakan (√) satu kotak
Tick(√)
Accelerating
Memecut
Reversing
Mengundur
Travelling at constant speed
Bergerak dengan laju seragam
[6m]
Seterusnya, hitung halaju semasa OA, BC, dan DE.
(iii) Sketch velocity against time graph for the whole journey.
Lakarkan graf halaju melawan masa bagi keseluruhan
perjalanan.
(iv) What is the speed of the bus for the first 20 seconds?
[2m]
14
20. A student running a 200m event. Diagram 7 shows the
distance-time graph to illustrate his running.
Seorang pelajar berlari dalam acara 200m. Rajah 7
menunjukkan graf jarak melawan masa untuk menunjukkan
lariannya.
200
Distance /m
100
…………………………………………………………………
Reason / sebab
………………………………………………………[2 marks]
21. Diagram 5.1 shows how the speed of a truck varies during a
period of 80 s.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan bagaimana laju trak berubah dalam
tempoh 80 saat
B
A
O
14 24
Time/s
(a)Tick (√) the correct answer in the box provided
Tandakan(√) jawapan betul di kotak yang disediakan
Distance is a / Jarak ialah
scalar quantity
kuantiti scalar
vector quantity
kuantiti vektor
Diagram 5.1
(a) In which section of the journey is the truck
Pada bahagian manakah menunjukkan perjalanan trak
(i) travelling at constant speed /dengan laju seragam,
(b)(i)Based on Diagram 7, calculate the speed of the student
at section AB.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, hitung laju pelajar pada
bahagian AB
........................................................................................[1]
(ii) accelerating / pecutan?
.......................................................................................[1]
[2 marks]
(ii)Compare the speed of the student at OA and AB
Bandingkan laju pelajar pada bahagian OA dan AB
(b) Calculate the distance travelled by the truck in
Hitung jarak yang dilalui oleh trak pada
(i) the section BC / bahagian BC,
..…………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(c)Based on the following aspects, give suggestions on how
the running time for 200m event can be shortened.
Berdasarkan aspek yang berikut, berikan cadangan
bagaimana masa larian untuk acara 200m dapat
disingkatkan.
(ii) the section CD / bahagian CD
[2]
[2]
(c) After point D, the truck takes 30 s to come to rest. On
Diagram 5.1, draw a line to show this part of the motion of
the truck.
Selepas titik D, trak tersebut mengambil 30 saat untuk
[1]
(i)The student’s attire / pakaian pelari
…………………………………………………………………
Reason / sebab
22. Diagram 5.1 shows a velocity-time graph for a toy car.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan graf halaju-masa bagi kereta mainan
………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(ii)The student’s shoe / kasut pelari
…………………………………………………………………
Reason / sebab
………………………………………………………[2 marks]
(iii)The equipment used at the starting line / alat yang
digunakan di garis permulaan
15
(a) What is meant by velocity?
Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan halaju?
31
….….………………………………...…………………….[1 mark]
25
(b) On Diagram 5.1 mark with R a region with zero acceleration.
Pada Rajah 5.1 tandakan dengan huruf R kawasan dengan
pecutan sifar
[1 mark]
velocity/ms-1
A
13
(c) Based from Diagram 3.1, calculate
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, hitung
(i) The acceleration of the car. / pecutan kereta
D
Enters
town
here
Leaves
town
here
B
C
10 18
42
54
(a) Describe what happens to the velocity of the car
Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada halaju kereta
(i) between A and B, / antara A dan B
[ 2 marks]
(ii) Displacement made by the toy car in 20 seconds.
Sesaran kereta selepas 20 saat
time/s
.........................................................................................[1]
(ii) between B and C, / antara B dan C
..........................................................................................[1]
[ 2 marks]
23. Diagram 7 shows the graph of velocity against time for the
motion of a car.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan graf halaju-masa bagi sebuah kereta
(iii) between C and D. / antara C dan D
.........................................................................................[1]
(b) Calculate the distance between the start of the town and the
end of the town.
Hitung jumlah jarak antara permulaan pekan ke penghujung
pekan
Diagram 7
(a) State the physical quantity represented by
Nyatakan kuantiti fizikal yang diwakili oleh
(i) the gradient of the graph. / kecerunan graf
(c) Calculate the acceleration of the car between C and D.
Hitung pecutan kereta antara C dan D
................................................................................[1 mark]
[2]
(d) State how the graph shows that the deceleration of the car
has the same numerical value as its acceleration.
Nyatakan bagaimana graf menunjukkan nyahpecutan kereta
mempunyai nilai yang sama dengan pecutannya
(ii) the area under the graph. / luas dibawah graf
................................................................................[1 mark]
(b) Complete the table below.
Section of the graf
Bahagian graf
OA
AB
[2]
........................................................................................... [1]
Type of motion
Jenis gerakkan
25.Fig. 3.1 shows the velocity-time graph of part of a short
journey made by a cyclist.
Rajah 3.1 menujukkan graf halaju-masa perjalan pendek
seorang pengayuh basikal.
[ 2 marks]
velocity/ ms-1
24.Fig. 1.1 shows the velocity - time graph for a car travelling
along a straight road. The graph shows how the velocity of
the car changes as the car passes through a small town.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan graf halaju-masa bagi sebuah
kereta yang bergerak dalam garis lurus. Graf menunjukkan
bagaimana halaju kereta berubah bila ia melalui pekan kecil
Fig. 3.1
16
(a) Which part of Fig. 3.1 shows when the cyclist is travelling at
constant velocity?
Bahagian manakah pada Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan pengayuh
basikal bergerak dengan halaju malar?
(a) Based on graph in Diagram 8 state the motion between
2.00pm to 2.01pm for
Bedasarkan rajah 8 nyatakan gerakkan antara pukul 2.00pm
ke 2.01 pm untuk
(i) kidnapper’s car / kereta penculik
.............................................................................................[1]
…..………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(b) State what is happening during the rest of the journey shown
in Fig. 3.1.
Nyatakan apa yang berlaku semasa perjalanan selanjutnya
yang ditunjukkan pada rajah 3.1
(ii) police car / kereta polis
……………………………………………….…………[1 mark]
.............................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) What is the acceleration of the police car after 2.01p.m?
Berapakah pecutan kereta polis selepas pukul 2.01 pm
(c) (i) Calculate the displacement travelled during the first 50 s.
Hitung sesaran untuk 50 saat pertama
…………………………………………………………[1 mark].
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 3(b)(i).
Berikan sebab untuk jawapan anda
[2]
(ii) Calculate the displacement travelled between 50s and 100 s.
Hitung sesaran antara 50 saat dan 100 saat
(iii) Calculate the total displacement travelled.
Hitung jumlah sesaran
(iv) Calculate the average velocity during the 100 s.
Hitung halaju purata untuk 100 saat
…………………………………………..……………[1 mark]
(c) Sketch a displacement against time graph of the police car.
Lakarkan graf sesaran melawan masa bagi kereta polis.
[2]
[1]
27.A car at rest starts to move when a bus moves at a uniform
velocity of 15 m s–1 passes by its side. The car reaches a
velocity of 20 m s–1 in 10 seconds and continues to move at
a constant velocity in the same direction with the bus. The
graph in Figure 1 shows the motion of the car and the bus
along a straight road.
Sebuah kereta yang berada dalam keadaan pegun mula
bergerak bila sebuah bas yang sedang bergerak dengan
halaju seragam 15 m s–1 lalu disebelahnya. Kereta tersebut
mencapai halaju 20 m s–1 dalam masa 10 saat dan terus
bergerak pada arah yang sama seperti bus. Graf pada Rajah
1 menunjukkan gerakkan kereta dan bus pada jalan lurus
[2]
26. Diagram 8.1 shows a car driven by a kidnapper has overtook
a police car at 2.00 p.m. The police car then followed the
kidnapper’s car. Diagram 8.2 shows a velocity against time
graph for both cars.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sebuah kereta yang dipandu oleh
seorang penculik memintas kereta polis pada jam 2.00pm.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan graf halaju lawan masa bagi keduadua kereta
Figure 1
17
(a) Calculate the time taken for the car to reach the same speed
as the bus.
Hitung masa yang diambil oleh kereta untuk mencapai laju
yang sama seperti bas?
(b) What is the displacement of the car when it reaches the
speed of the bus?
Berapakah sesaran kereta bila ia mencapai laju yang sama
seperti bas?
(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the car and bus at time, t
= 50 s.
Hitung jumlah jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta dan bus pada
masa 50 saat
(d) At time, t = 50 s, is the car in front of the bus?
Adakah kereta berada di hadapan bas pada masa 50 saat ?
18