APPLICATION OF GIS IN BANK
INSTITUTIONS, LOCATION OF
ATM’S
The case of study at Kawe area
MBEKELU, ROBERT JOHN
Department of Geoinformatics
University of Bagamoyo
This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Bachelor of Science Geoinformatics
University College of Science, Informatics and Built Environment
November 2016
I would like to dedicate this thesis to my late grandfather John Mbekeluson ,my mother
Esther Mbekelu, my uncles, my sisters and my brothers for their hard work and great efforts
in my upbringing since my childhood, and my friends Mbaraka S. Mtama and Desdery
Rugeigiza who have always inspired me to work hard. ... . . .
Declaration
I, MBEKELU,ROBERT JOHN, declare that this thesis titled, APPLICATION OF GIS IN
BANK INSTITUTIONS, LOCATION OF ATM’S and the work presented in it are my own.
I confirm that:
This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at
this University.
Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other
qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated.
Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed.
Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the
exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work.
I have acknowledged all main sources of help.
Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made
clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself.
MBEKELU, ROBERT JOHN
November 2016
vi
CERTIFICATION
The undersigned certify that they have read and hereby recommend for acceptance by
the University of Bagamoyo as an Undergraduate Degree dissertation the report entitled
"APPLICATION OF GIS IN BANK INSTITUTIONS, LOCATION OF ATM’S".
........................
Supervisor
Dr. E. G. Mtalo
Date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........................
Head of Department
Dr. A. Chande
Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acknowledgements
I would like to acknowledge everyone who has been part of this work. Substantial number
of people have contributed towards making this study what it is, they have helped in every
situation to mark its accomplishment.
I am indebted to my supervisor Dr Mtalo, E. G. for his maximum support advice, comments, challenge, correcting and directing me in each stage of my work. He has provided me
with valuable ideas which has led to accomplishment of this work. May God bless him a lot.
A word of thanks to my lecturer, Mr Haruni Makandi, for his contribution of ideas as
well as materials. His challenges, advice and constructive suggestion have really helped me
to extend my knowledge hence achieving this work.
My uncles Davis Mbekelu, Seniour Engineer in the U.S.A and Mr. Haruna Mwondosha of
Tanzania Port Authority I am indebted for care and financial support and constantly guiding
and encouraging me not to give up and to work hard.
Lastly I am grateful to my friends, my family and anyone who participated in the
fulfillment of this research by showing maximum cooperation during the research period
Abstract
This study involves the use of geographic information system (GIS) in bank applications to
develop a publicly available interactive digital map in locating Automated Teller Machine
(ATM) in Dar es Salaam city.
The data collection was done by collecting spatial ATM locations using GPS and nonspatial data by different sampling techniques, stratified purposive and use of questionnaire to
collect customers’ response regarding the ease or difficulty in locating the nearest ATM.
Data collected was imported into the computer GIS software for processing and generating the output digital map showing the ATM locations and banks branches. The output digital
map was converted to Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file format for Google Earth to be
able to read the file and then embed into Google Earth for the customers to access whenever
they need ATM services or banks locations.
The result of this study proved to be successful; the map tends to be effective as it allows
the customer to use it to identify the nearest ATM location without difficulty.
Table of contents
List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xv
1
2
3
4
Introduction
1
1.1
Background of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.2
Problem statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.3
Objectives of the Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.3.1
General Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
1.4
Research questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
1.5
Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
LITERATURE REVIEW
5
2.1
5
Experience from previous Researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
METHODOLOGY
7
3.1
Location of the study and size of the study area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
3.2
Data Collection methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
3.3
Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
3.4
Data collection instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.5
Field observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9
3.6
Data pre-processing and processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
3.6.1
Data pre-processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
3.6.2
Data processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
VALIDATION OF THE USEFULNESS OF THE RESEARCH OUTPUT
21
4.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
4.2
Data collection through Interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
xii
5
Table of contents
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
27
27
28
References
29
Appendix A Appendix
31
List of figures
2.1
Location of an ATM’s in Pakistan.(Fu.Y (2007)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
location area of the study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ortho Image and Topographic Maps Used to Extract Vector Files . . . .
Spatial Reference properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Browser for Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On screen digitization process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Map Projection Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Modelbuilder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Selecting the Conversion Process from Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Distance band calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Process of map conversion from digital map into KML file format. .
The process of importing digital map in a Google Earth . . . . . . . . .
Location of ATM’s in a Google Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Pie Chart shows Number of Respondents vs their responses.
Chart-Respondents’comments vs Response . . . . . . . . .
Number of Respondents vs their responses. . . . . . . . . .
Repondent’s comments-Respondents vs responses. . . . . .
Bar graph of Respondent’s comments vs Responses. . . . . .
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6
List of tables
A.1 Number of Respondents with their responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
xvi
List of tables
ABBREVIATIONS
AFB
ATM
GIS
GPS
IT
IS
SV
KML
Air Force Base
Automated Teller Machine
Geographic Information System
Global Positioning System
Information Technology
Information System
Space Vehicles
Keyhole Markup Language
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1
Background of the problem
Automated Teller Machines (ATM’s) are a very important part of our daily lives since they
provide access to our bank accounts for any transaction that does not require the attention of
a bank staff. ATM’s are primarily designed to efficiently serve customers in terms of their
location and means of reaching them. This underscores the fact that they should therefore be
easy to locate by banks customers.
A geographical information system (GIS) is a tool that can be used to assist in answering
questions about locations. It provides a means of determining locations for any spatially
referenced object. This study intends to develop a method with which GIS could be used to
determine the nearest ATM locations, taking CRDB bank as a case study.
Firstly, it is necessary to understand whether the CRDB bank customers face any difficulty
in locating nearest ATM from their locations. Interviews with bank customers was conducted
to help extensively understand the problem and the current procedures used in locating ATMs.
In order to achieve the outcome of the research problem formulated, questionnaire survey
was conducted at several CRDB bank branches to ascertain how customers feel about the
current difficulty in locating nearest CRDB bank ATMs in Dar es Salaam city.
Secondly, since GIS is used as a tool for finding locations for ATM’s, for the purpose of
this research, CRDB customers will have good solution to the problem of locating ATM’s.
2
Introduction
Thirdly, the ability of using GIS to find ATM sites will be tested by applying GIS to
determine the relative ease in locating selected CRDB bank ATM in Dar es Salaam city.
The results will be used to advise the CRDB bank on the need to use GIS as a service to
locate ATM locations. This research is aiming at coming up with digital map which will be
embedded in Google Earth that can show the location of an ATM in Dar es salaam whereby
the customers will use smart phones or computers with Google Earth to find the nearby ATM
for financial transaction.
1.2
Problem statement
Bank customers in Tanzania face the problem of locating the nearby ATM services from their
residences or any other area they might be positioned. This is because of an increase of the
number of ATM’s whose spatial location is unknown to the customers which makes the them
travel long distances searching for the nearby ATM’s for financial transactions.
Automated Teller Machines (ATM’s) are an important aspect of our modern lives and
therefore their location can have an economic impact in terms of how long (time) a customer
use to determine and the distance traveled to reach the location of a nearest ATM.
Having identified the problem surrounding the difficulty in locating CRDB bank ATM’s,
this study therefore endeavors to develop a practical approach using available geospatial
tools to provide means by which bank customers would be able to locate ATM’s in Dar es
Salaam city with relative ease. CRDB bank ATM locations are chosen to be case study.
In order to conduct this research study, various elements will be incorporated. This
includes, identifying the type of data to be used, defining the procedures to follow for
collecting and processing and identifying the GIS software systems to employ.
1.3
1.3.1
Objectives of the Research
General Objective
The main objective for this research is to develop a publicly available interactive digital map
locating ATM’ in Dar es Salaam city.
1.4 Research questions
3
Specific Objectives
• To create a point feature with descriptive data for each CRDB ATM in Dar es salaam
city
• Testing the location map platform in the Internet and allow editing capability to meet
customers needs.
• To create environmental condition for the users to access the web based map on the
Google Earth by allowing easy interaction between the users and web based map
1.4
Research questions
• To what extent does lack of spatial information on the location of ATM’s pose a
problem to customers?
• What descriptive information is to be attributed in each mapped ATM so that the
customers can use it to locate nearby ATM’s?
• What are the adjustments to be made for the map to work seamlessly?
1.5
Significance of the study
This study is about the use of using GIS in banking institution in the city of Dar es salaam.
The output of the study will help customers to solve their problems over the difficulty
encountered themselves in locating an ATM or a particular bank. This invention based on the
integration of mobile phones and GIS technology may turn out to be more marketable and
profitable to the banks.
Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Experience from previous Researchers
Jafrullah (2003) and Fu.Y (2007), describe the use of GIS application as a means of helping
banks to improve their business such as mortgage finance, market analysis, in which GIS
is used as a tool for decision making for the banks. Fu.Y (2007) explained "Since the GIS
technology has a greater deal to offer to the mortgage finance industry and market analysis
industry, then usage of GIS can help to analyze the relationship between demand and supply
easily because the information is based on geographical location.
Chrisman.N.R. (2003) also discussed the use of GIS as a means of showing the distribution of Bank branches geographically, and showing the distribution of all other banks and
their branches. Information provided by GIS technology enables the decision makers to
make comparison with all competitive banks and their branches locations, and ATM’s (Automatic Teller Machines) It is therefore critical that ATM locations should have both spatial
(coordinates) and attributes (description) to provide basis for ATM information management.
This research examines the applications of GIS in banking fields for the purposes of
locating position of ATM’s and Branches. Although much have been written on the same
field by different researchers, in this particular research I will do the same thing in Tanzania
since it is not yet applied in any financial institution. My area of interest will based on the
location of ATM’s or bank branches in Dar es salaam city and produced a map which will be
embedded in Google earth for the customers to access.
6
LITERATURE REVIEW
Fig. 2.1 Location of an ATM’s in Pakistan.(Fu.Y (2007))
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Location of the study and size of the study area
The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city only. Although any other bank with ATM
facility in Dar es Salaam could be used for this kind of study, CRDB bank was selected to be
the case study without any particular preference
3.2
Data Collection methods
In this study both primary and secondary data collection methods were used, descriptive and
analytical. The descriptive research method is an appropriate means of achieving the study
objectives.
Fig. 3.1 location area of the study.
8
METHODOLOGY
A descriptive research design was intended to determine the rationality of the problem
from customers’ perspectives. ATM locations data (coordinates) were collected in Dar es
Salaam city using handheld GPS (Global Positioning System) and descriptive information
was collected through the use of questionnaires. In collecting the ATM data we used stratified sampling type of data collection, where different parts of the Dar es Salaam city were
considered as strata (units of sampling).
In this study CRDB bank ATMs are used, our sample size and selected about 100 number
of ATMs found in Dar es salaam city to accomplish the purpose of this study.
To map locations of ATM, high resolution ortho photo image, handheld GPS and topo
rasters of Dar es Salaam city were used. The locations were shown as point data in a vector
file. Each point represents a CRDB bank branch or ATM. Data generated was consolidated
with that collected in field. In the field, the ATM’s were located using main roads as transects,
and ATM’s within the buffered space on either side of the road were recorded.
3.3
Research design
This section explains the research methods and techniques that were used in the data collection, various sources of data and type of the data which were collected as well as techniques
that were employed in data analysis. It describes the sampling procedures and state the main
instruments used in the data collection from the field.
Research design entails the logical sequence for collection and analysis of data and its
ultimate conclusions in relation to the research questions (Kothari, 2002). It covers decisions
regarding to what the study is all about, why the study is being made, where will the study
be carried out, what type of data is required, where can the required data be found, what
techniques of data collection will be used, how will the data be analyzed and in what style
will the report be prepared (Kothari, 2002)
Kothari (2002) further argues that there are research designs in case of descriptive and diagnostic research studies. Descriptive research studies are those studies which are concerned
with describing the characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group, whereas diagnostic
research studies determines the frequency with which something occurs or its association
with something else. Kothari (2002) argued that descriptive and diagnostic research designs
shares the common requirements, as both of them should include what the study is about, why
3.4 Data collection instruments
9
is it being made, techniques for data collection, how much material will needed (sample size),
processing and data analysis together with reporting the findings. This research adopted the
diagnostic research design so as to be in position to find out the effectiveness of application
of GIS in Bank Institutions.
First, to obtain the location of ATM’s the researcher use handheld GPS to collect coordinates of each ATM’s, the researcher use the raster data of Dar es salaam city,to generate
the polygon features by using ArcGIS 10 software although it was not cover the whole
city therefore, the researcher combine both the raster data and topographic map of Dar es
salaam city to make the whole data in order to create the polygon features, to describe the
administrative boundaries of district in Dar es salaam city.
Secondly, for the problem of finding all the ATM’s found in Dar es salaam city, the
researcher solved it by first finding those ATM’s which can be seen from the road while
passing by car, then the researcher decided to find off-road ATM’s. All the data were imported
into GIS software to produce a digital map which will be available for the customers to use
whenever they need the ATM service for money transactions.
3.4
Data collection instruments
Data collection Instruments used were Magellan Handheld GPS with an accuracy of (-3m
or +3m) , questionnaire and ArcGIS.10 software to meet the objectives of the research to
provide solution to the existing research problem where most customers failed to locate the
nearby CRDB bank ATM.
3.5
Field observations
In this section a procedure to validate the existence of the problem in locating the nearest
ATM and mapping of the ATM location was achieved through a series of tasks mentioned
below:
• Selection of the bank to be used as case study, CRDB was chosen as the sample bank
and sample size chosen.
• Handing over questionnaires to volunteering customers
• Interviewing customers on the difficult to lacating the nearest ATM from where they
were at the moment.
10
METHODOLOGY
Fig. 3.2 Ortho Image and Topographic Maps Used to Extract Vector Files
• Introducing customers to GIS as a technology that would help in the process of
locating ATM in the shortest distance, highlighting both benefits and usefulness of the
technology.
• Finally, Handheld GPS with an accuracy of (-3m or +3m) was used to map the
geographic location of the ATM
3.6
3.6.1
Data pre-processing and processing
Data pre-processing
Data collection was followed by a processing phase involving, editing and removal of data
capture errors. The final part of data capture consisted of providing the data with the right
coordinate system and projection and format. In order to be effectively used for the type
of analysis. The researcher collected the spatial data by using handheld GPS from the field
by going to the areas where those ATM’s and bank branches are located and acquiring
coordinates of each ATM’s. Researcher took the raster data together with topographical map
and other maps and started to create points features (Fig. 3.2)
3.6 Data pre-processing and processing
11
Fig. 3.3 Spatial Reference properties
Ortho image is an aerial photograph in which geometrically corrected such that the scale
is uniform, the researcher went to collect this Ortho image to the institutions produce this
images and it was collected while in digital format
Topographical map are those map which showing natural and physical features of a
landscape include altitude contours, this topographic map was obtained from the Institutions
who produces it and it was obtained in digital format.In ArcGIS.10 software, raster files
were assigned with spatial reference and data features were projected to WGS84 (seen in
(Fig. 3.3): and (Fig. 3.4):)
12
METHODOLOGY
Fig. 3.4 Browser for Coordinate System
3.6.2
Data processing
This section describes the data processing phase of the study. During the processing, the
following were procedures used:;
• Downloading of ATM locations mapped using handheld GPS.
• In GIS software, ATM location were converted to point features
• Digitizing roads as line feature and create a line features shapefile. Roads are important
since customer in need of an ATM services will need to select the easiest road to reach
the nearby ATM without wastage of time and resources.
• Polygon features were also digitized and created a shapefile, these polygons were
needed to represent administrative boundaries of Dar es salaam districts so that when
the customers are in need the Bank services could easily locate their location, to help
the customers not to get lost on their way. After creating the shapefile, digitizing
process followed (Fig. 3.5):
3.6 Data pre-processing and processing
13
Fig. 3.5 On screen digitization process .
In order to decide on the nearest ATM, customers need the distance information. In order
to achieve this aspect, a distance model is built in ArcGIS. The model builder allows the
analyst to create a predefined set of processes for achieving some spatial objective.
In this study the ultimate goal for building a model is for deriving distances for the
customers to use when locating the nearby ATM’s or bank branches.
The distance required is the Manhattan distance, Manhattan distance is the distance
between two points in a grid based on a strict path (along the grid lines) as opposed to the
diagonal distance. GIS model builder was used to create a new process, by stringing together
the subtasks required to achieve a particular output in which the Manhattan distance tool was
dragged into the model builder window from Distance tool set in Spatial Analyst Tools.
The output from the model builder are distances which needed reclassification, reclassification allows to redefine distances in descriptive sense (Close or Far) therefore, the researcher
Reclassified the distance to customers output, giving a value of 10 to ranges of values that
represent areas closest to customers and giving a value 1 to ranges of values that are far from
existing banks (seen in (Fig. 3.7)):
14
METHODOLOGY
Fig. 3.6 Map Projection Process
Fig. 3.7 Modelbuilder
3.6 Data pre-processing and processing
15
Fig. 3.8 Selecting the Conversion Process from Toolbox
By doing this, we can easily find out which areas are nearer and which areas area far
when customers want to locate the nearby ATM and existing banks ATM’s (seen in (Fig. 3.8)):
16
METHODOLOGY
Fig. 3.9 Distance band calculation
The design is to use the "Calculate Distance band tool" from Neighbor count function
followed by import of the ATM shape file to calculate the minimum, average and maximum
distance from which customers would use to determine the nearest and furthest ATM whenever in need of ATM bank services in a given area (seen in (Fig. 3.9))
3.6 Data pre-processing and processing
17
Fig. 3.10 The Process of map conversion from digital map into KML file format.
The GIS software provides tools for the conversion of digital map to KML format which
can be read by Google Earth. Subsequent step is importing the digital map in KML file
format that uploads itself and displayed in the Google Earth:
In the GIS software, the researcher converted the digital map to KML format, which can
be easily read by Google Map. After logging in to Google Earth, the next step is to import
the KML file which uploads itself and displayed in the Google Earth
The dialog box prompts out to allow the provision of GIS system requirements to process
in order to produce the desired outputs (Fig. 3.10):
18
METHODOLOGY
Fig. 3.11 The process of importing digital map in a Google Earth
The researcher selected ok to embed the digital map into the Google Earth for the customers to use whenever they needed ATM bank services. The following are the procedures
done to embed the map in Google Earth; The researcher signed into google account then the
researcher selected create map, after that he selected import map as shown in Fig. 3.11:
3.6 Data pre-processing and processing
19
Fig. 3.12 Location of ATM’s in a Google Map.
Then the researcher selected the button to import through the computer after that then the
researcher selected done then the map displayed as shown in (Fig. 3.12) in the Google Maps
20
METHODOLOGY
(Fig. 3.12) is a final map result to the specific problems and to the objectives of the
research where by the final research required to generate a digital map to show the location
of ATM or Bank branches in which the user will use it whenever need ATM or bank services
for money transactions. Therefore since this map is in a Google Earth there can be access
both through phone and personal computer for the bank services use.
Chapter 4
VALIDATION OF THE USEFULNESS
OF THE RESEARCH OUTPUT
4.1
Introduction
This chapter gives the detailed description and outcomes of the execution of the research
methodology.
4.2
Data collection through Interview
The interview was carried to the citizens in Dar es salaam city and there was a chosen sample
size to represent the population of customers in CRDB bank so as to come up with the
result and outcome of our research to see the significant, advantages and benefit of doing
this research. The following are the results from the customers concerning the solution they
received from the bank. The researcher succeeded to interview about 25 customers from
different banks and their responses concerning about the interviewed carried.
The objective question to customers was if there was any difficulties in identifying the
nearby ATM and if there are any reports to the banks. The response of the customers shows
that they did report to the banks. The outcome the researcher found out is that out of twenty
five respondents, only fifteen said “NO” and ten responded “Yes” equals to forty percent
(Fig. 4.1).
22
VALIDATION OF THE USEFULNESS OF THE RESEARCH OUTPUT
Fig. 4.1 Pie Chart shows Number of Respondents vs their responses.
The second question is about the bank consideration on the reported ATM locating
difficulty situation. Customer’s response suggests that most banks don’t care about that, as
long as customers have ATM cards and know how to use. Statistically, from a sample of
interviewed customers asked about how sensitive the locating ATM is considered a challenge
(N=25), if N= number of respondent then fourteen customers said “Yes” while the remaining
difference (eleven) said “No”. It is easy to deduce that most customers see it as a sensitive
case that the CRDB bank should work out to provide solution to its customers see (Fig. 4.2).
4.2 Data collection through Interview
23
Fig. 4.2 Chart-Respondents’comments vs Response
The third question which the researcher asked was if were any measures the bank took
to solve the problems facing customers concerning the difficulty in locating the nearby
ATM’s, The response was that there was not any measured taken to solve this problems. The
respondent explained that due to failure of the bank to take measure they decided to use
an alternative way of transacting their money by use of mobile phone. The following are
the short descriptions of the answer provided by the respondents; that if (N=25) and if the
n=number of respondent then n=20 customers said No while the remain customers said Yes
(Fig. 4.3).
24
VALIDATION OF THE USEFULNESS OF THE RESEARCH OUTPUT
Fig. 4.3 Number of Respondents vs their responses.
The fourth question direct to customers in order to find out whether there is a need for an
alternative approach to this ATM locating problem by use of GIS.
The response to the question was very positive subsequent to the introduction and
explanation of GIS technology and the way customers may use it to solve different problems
they face during the location of a nearest ATM. The respondent stated that for their problems
GIS technology could become the best means to solve their problems rather than depending
on customer care that seems not cooperative at times in providing the best solution they faced
during the locations of ATM. Statistical descriptions of the findings illustrates that twenty
five customers were interviewed (N=25), fourteen customers said “Yes”, six customers had
no any comment while the remaining difference (five) customers said “No”. (Fig. 4.4).
4.2 Data collection through Interview
25
Fig. 4.4 Repondent’s comments-Respondents vs responses.
The researcher also asked to the respondent concern their views of GIS technology being
used to solve the problems not only of locating the ATM but also to be used to solve other
problems, The respondents provided their views by comments that GIS technology as a means
of providing solution based on location, will also be the best solutions to other problems, the
following are the short summary of answers provided by the respondents and their graphical
presentations; if (N=25) and if n=number of respondent then (n=14) customers said Yes,
while (n=9) customers said I don’t know and the remain customers said No (Fig. 4.5)
26
VALIDATION OF THE USEFULNESS OF THE RESEARCH OUTPUT
Fig. 4.5 Bar graph of Respondent’s comments vs Responses.
The interpretation from these numbers picture that most customers 56 would be happy
with use of GIS technology in ATM locating while the remaining 44 are not sure probably
due to the fact that the technology is new and the demonstration time was not enough to
assure them that this problem could be solved by use of GIS as well as the additional cost for
buying a mobile phone that has the internet facility is not an easy option for everyone with
the bank account.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Introduction
The study has identified how Geographical Information System Technology can be applied in
banking institution, to locate the position of an ATM or bank branches in Dar es salaam city.
This chapter provides the conclusions and recommendations based on the output of the study.
5.2
Conclusion
The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of using GIS in banking application for
the customers to locate the nearby ATM’s. This study shows that the use of GIS in banking
application will increase the quality of services to the customers. This is because there would
be a positive economic impact for customers, because there will be no wastage of time in
locating the position of ATM’s and their Bank branches.
This study has provided a basis for developing a mobile apps to be used by CRDB bank
customers that would be implemented in their mobile phones; it is recommended that a specialist app developer be considered for future work. In this situation banks will be involved
to provide a training on how to use the application rather than providing GIS training which
is specialized skills by itself that neither bankers nor customers possess it.
In the course of this study, I have learnt and gained practical experience on the use of
geospatial technology in solving real world problems. The use of GPS in Mapping, web
28
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
mapping (Google earth) and Geo processing capabilities embedded in model builder. These
technologies together constitute a very powerful approach in solving problems that could
also be applied in many other areas beyond this research.
5.3
Recommendation
The banks institution should ensure that they develop the GIS system for the customers so
that the customers can easily access the location of nearby ATMs and their branches to obtain
both financial and banking services also it should be in focus on the effectiveness of the
services that offers to its customers, meaning that there should be proper evaluation process
to help them encounter any problem, weakness and new requirement.
References
Chrisman.N.R. (2003). Exploring Geographical Information Systems. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.,
2nd edition.
Fu.Y (2007). Managing customer services using gis in banks. A Case in Chinese Competitive
Environment, Master Thesis, Linkopings university, Institute of Technology.
Jafrullah (2003). An integrated approach for banking gis. Map India Conference.
Kothari, C. (2002). Research methodology, methods and techniques. New York, Wailey
Eastern Limited.
Appendix A
Appendix
Table
Table A.1 Number of Respondents with their responses
Interview Questions
Qn1
Qn2
Qn3
Qn4
Qn5
Total of Respondents
25
25
25
25
25
Yes
15
14
20
14
14
No
10
11
5
6
9
I don’t know
Nil
Nil
Nil
5
2
32
Appendix
Research Questions
1. Was there any complaints from the customers about the difficulty in identifying the
nearby ATM?
(a) Yes
(b) No
1. Does the bank considered this situation as a sensitive case to the customers?
(a) Yes
(b) No
1. Was there any measures taken to solve the problems customers face concerning the
difficulty in locating the nearby ATM?
(a) Yes
(b) No
1. What strategic reasons do they consider when there is a matter of establishing an
ATM’s on a certain area?
(a) Population and Marketing
(b) number of customers in a specific area
(c) None of the above
(d) all of the above
1. What system does bank use in order to identify the locations of the customers?
(a) GIS
(b) Other systems
(c) all of the above
(d) none of the above
1. How does the bank assist the customers, in identifying the location of a nearby ATM?
(a) Interviews
(b) System (like GIS and other systems)
33
(c) all of the above
(d) none of the above
1. To what extent the customers are satisfied, with how the bank assist them in locating
an ATM or bank branches?
(a) 25 percent
(b) 50 percent
(c) 75 percent
(d) 100 percent
1. Do you think GIS will be the best solution to the customers, having the problem of
locating the nearby ATM’s?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) I don’t know
1. Do you think GIS can be used as a solution to other problems not only in locating an
ATM or bank branches?
(a) Yes
(b) No
(c) I don’t know
1. To what extent is the GIS being used in conducting banking services to its customers,
specifically in this bank?
(a) 25 percent
(b) 50 percent
(c) 75 percent
(d) 100 percent