PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Unit 3: Building and Maintaining Relationships
TOPIC/LESSON NAME
CONTENT STANDARDS
PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS
LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
SPECIFIC LEARNING
OUTCOMES
TIME ALLOTMENT
Lesson 10: Social Relationships in Middle and Late Adolescence
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the concepts about social influence,
group leadership and followership
The learners shall be able to identify the different roles of leaders and followers in
society
The learners can
1. distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they
can influence people through their leadership or followership
2. compare one’s perception of himself/herself and how others see him/her
3. conduct a mini-survey on Filipino relationships (family, school, and
community)
By the end of the lesson, the learners should have:
 identified traits and characteristics that would influence colleagues;
 developed respect for others; and
 come out to viable or credible survey of family, school and community
relations, used the result and made recommendations for these relations.
3 hours Instructional Contact Time
Lesson Outline:
1. Introduction: Explaining learning objectives for the lesson and identify the preconceived notions
2. Motivation: Comparison of Perceptions, All Aboard
3. Instruction and Delivery: Lecture on topics of roles of leaders and followers in society by Resource Speaker
4. Practice: My Role in the Society
5. Enrichment: My Model Leader and Follower
6. Evaluation: Survey
PROCEDURE
MEETING THE LEARNER’S
NEEDS
Introduction:
Teacher Tip:
Allow the students to
enumerate qualities
and characterize
leaders and followers
in different
communities. This will
be followed by
explanation of the
learning objectives.
The topic provides understanding on the various roles of different
individuals in society and how they can influence people through their leadership
or fellowship and makes the students realize what role they play in the community
where they belong.
Social relationship is vital to adolescent’s development. The kind of circle
where he belongs will create an impact on his beliefs, outlook and convictions in
life. The first social circle has his family. The set of values his family owns will
definitely influence the way he looks at things. Moreover, his leadership qualities
will also determine the scope of influence he has on his group and how it affects his
relationship with other people.
Preliminaries:
 Students will be asked about their perceptions on leaders and followers
 Students will be asked to compare their perception of themselves and how
others see them through the ff. activity:
In which of the following groups do you belong?
1. I am a leader. I often find myself on leadership roles.
2. I am more of a follower. Very seldom do I get to take on leadership roles,
but I know I can be a good leader.
3. I am more of a follower. Very seldom do I get to take on leadership roles,
and I’m ok with this. (I don’t think I’ll be a good leader.)
4. I am neither a leader nor a follower. I tend to just “take things easy” and
wait for things to happen.
As the students
compare their
perception of
themselves and how
others see them,
teacher’s should
encourage the
students to be open to
possibilities as
students may get a
negative perception
from others.
Turn to your seatmate, and write down your impression of him / her. He / she
does the same to you.
1. He/she is a leader. I often see him/her on leadership roles.
2. He/she is more of a follower. Very seldom do I see him/her take on
leadership roles, but I know he/she can be a good leader.
3. He/she is more of a follower. Very seldom do I see him/her take on
leadership roles, and I think he/she is ok with this. (He/She thinks he/she
won’t be a good leader.)
4. He/She is neither a leader nor a follower. He/She tends to just “take things
easy” and wait for things to happen.
Motivation:


All Aboard. To test their leadership and followership, participants are
required to build a “boat” using pieces of wood, mats, or any other
materials available. As pieces of the boat is removed the team must
endeavor to occupy the ever diminishing space as they can.
This activity helps to encourage communication, problem solving and
critical thinking.
Teacher Tip:
Prepare materials for
faster execution.
Repeat until one team
is declared as
champion.
Instruction/Delivery:



Teacher Tips:
Topic and parameters
The teacher will introduce the resource speaker to the students. The should be given to the
speaker so he/she will
Resource speaker should be a leader of a community/ official.
The resource speaker will give talk about social influence, group leadership be able to prepare and
make his talk relevant
and followership
The class shall have plenary session where they can ask questions to the to the lesson.
resource speaker.
The teacher may also
use the opportunity to
gather all students who
have PERDEV subject
into a bigger hall.
Social Relationships
Teacher Tips:
The
teacher
may
Social Role Theory
emphasize and use
A term in Social Psychology and Sociology that describes or day-to-day activities as specific things opened
expressions of socially-defined categories, like doctor, son, teacher, president, etc. by
the
resource
Each social role refers to sets of:
speaker.
 functions and duties
 demands and expectations
 privileges and rights
 norms and behaviors
that a person has to imbibe and act out as accorded by the role.
Various Roles of Individuals in the Society
Roles of an individuals can be traced from their status. It refers to the position
that an individual is expected to hold in a group or in a community. Role pertains
to the behavior that is expected from a person holding such status. Status can be
both ascribed or inherited and achieved or acquired. Ascribed or inherited status
comes by virtue of birth such as age, gender, family background, and ethnicity.
A. Family
1. Father
Father. In the past, the father was recognized as the breadwinner. He is also
expected to be the leader and authority figure in the family. However, the role of
the father has changed over time. Today, some fathers stay at home to take care
of the children and do the household chores, while the mothe works. The father
also nurtures and disciplines the children together with the mother.
2. Mother
The mother's primary role is to take care of and nurture her husband and children
in the house. However, with the changing roles of parents in the society some
mothers now work outside the home and serve as leaders and authority figures in
the family together with the father or, in certain instances, as single parents.
3. Children
Children. Children are basically expected to perform tasks at home. They
are also expected to go to school, graduate, and help their siblings.
Children may be engaged in varied roles especially adolescents like you
who may be involved with either community or organizations and many
more.
B. Community
1. Church Leaders
Church leaders are expected to lead the faithful and the entire congregation in
church services and other outreach and faith-related activities.
2. Government Officials
Government officials are expected to perform their roles and responsibilities and
abide by the code of ethics for government service.
3. Professionals
(teachers, bankers, doctors, lawyers, engineers, IT practitioners, etc.)
Professionals have their own specific roles and functions in the community
defined by their training in school, internship, and professions. Some of
these professions require licensing to establish full authority, trust, and
credibility in their respective fields of work.
4. Skilled Workers
(mechanics, craftsmen, electricians, bakers, etc).
Skilled workers are highly needed in the community since their respective
specialized skills are exclusive. They gain more authority and credibility if they are
licensed (e.g., TESDA certification).
5. Youth Leaders
Youth leaders are expected to lead young people and initiate activities that
may motivate and drive young people to be productive in society.
6. Youth Organization Members
Being members of youth organizations, young people are expected to
follow their leaders. They perform specific functions in the organization
that may develop or enhance their skills. They discover more of
themselves along the way, including other things they could do to meet
the needs of the organization.
Social Influence
As an adolescent, having roles in society is like taking part in a stage drama. This
adolescent is performing as a certain character and is expected to perform to the
best of his or her abilities. However, the difference between stage drama and social
role is that the earlier is fixed, unchangeable, and simple in character, while the
latter can be made changeable and varied in character. The functions may be well
defined or not, but still there are expectations.
Social influence refers to the impact that social factors and constructs have on the
person in terms of emotions, opinions, or behaviors brought about by social
engagements. Influence may mean a change in behavior caused by a person to
another, whether intentionally or not, resulting into a changed perception about
themselves, others, and society as a whole.
There are three areas of social influence such as conformity, compliance, and obedience.
1. Conformity is when adolescents change their behavior to be like others. One
example of this is when they seek approval from others to feel that they belong. The
challenge to this is that they can go as far as changing their beliefs and values system
to fit with peers or well-admired superiors.
2. Compliance is when, for example, senior high school students do what they are
asked to do such as joining student organizations in school or outreach programs in
the community. At times, there can be temptations not to comply, but they will be
reminded of the consequence are disadvantages of not joining or involving
themselves in such types of activities.
3. Obedience is when adolescents submit themselves to authorities in the home,
school, and community. Adolescents may feel restricted to some extent, but they are
confronted with the pressing demand to obey. Between compliance and obedience,
it is the latter that adolescents may have no choice but to do.
Group Leadership
A leader is expected to lead others. One can stand out as leader in group. According to
John Maxwell in his book, 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, the true measure of
leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less. He further explains that if a leader
lacks the ability to influence, leading is nearly impossible.
Some of the Major Skills that a leader should have:
1. General background of leadership
2. Knowledge of job description and standards of evaluating work
performance
3. Knowledge of self and self-envisioning
4. Formulating vision and mission of the team
5. Conflict resolution management
6. Planning, leading, organizing and controlling (PLOC)
7. Mentoring and coaching
8. Human relations and customer service
9. Power-dressing
10. Communication skills
11. Stress management
Followership
Followership refers to one’s ability to take directions and to deliver what is
instructed of him/her. It also refers to a role held by an individual who involves
himself/herself in any group or organization. The success of a leader is caused by
followers who commit themselves toward accomplishing the goals set by them.
Thus, the study of followership is closely associated with leadership.
The scholar Robert Kelley presented four main qualities of effective followers as
follows:
1. Self-management. This involves the followers’ ability to critically think,
control, and work independently.
2. Commitment. This is a quality of followers who stick to the goals or thrusts of
the group or team.
3. Competence. This refers to the essential skills and aptitudes of followers that
allow them to perform their duties. And responsibilities as well as to improve
and upgrade themselves continually through higher education, training, and
workshops.
4. Courage. This refers to the followers’ ability to stand their ground , unbent by
unethical practices of some corrupt leaders or superiors. They are honest and
loyal. They
Practice
Teacher Tip:
The teacher should
emphasize that
Activity 1: My Roles in Society
Provide three to five photos or images of different roles of individuals in society.
Briefly describe each of the photos in column 2 and identify the roles expected
from you through the photo and descriptions in column 3
Photo
Brief Description of
the Photo
Identify the Role
Photo 1
Photo 2
Photo 3
Photo 4
Photo 5
Answer the following question:
1. Which of the roles above were you able to do as an adolescent? How are
these connected to adolescents’ roles in society
2. Which of the rules are you being prepared for? How are you preparing for
it?
3. Are these restrictions, prohibitions, or limitations that the society set for
you? What are they?
4. How are these affect you in facing your roles in the society?
Enrichment Activity
Activity 2: My Model Leader and Follower
Provide the required photo and describe them.
My Model Leader
Description:
Process: Explain
purpose of activity.
Pass out supplies.
Require participants to
find words on word
search puzzle. Place
each word in
appropriate column at
bottom of page: social
activity, social skill or
benefit of social
interaction
My Model Follower
Description:
Answer the following:
1. Which of the two photos do you find more challenging and worth emulating?
2. As an adolescent, how would you best behave if you are the leader? If you are
the follower?
3. What do you think is the impact of leadership and followership to you as an
adolescent?
EVALUATION:
Activity 3: My Perception on Filipino Relationships
Describe how Filipinos relate to each other in the family, school and community.
1. Form a group of five and conduct a mini-survey about Filipino relationships.
2. Analyze the survey as a group and present it in class.
The students’ outputs will be graded according to this rubric:
10 (Very Satisfactory)
The goal for conducting the
survey project is clearly and
accurately stated and,
contains all pertinent
information
Resources
8 (Satisfactory)
The goal for conducting
the survey project is
ambiguous. Contains
some, but not all,
pertiment information
6 (Good)
The goal for the survey
project was not met
and project is unclear or
inaccurate and is
missing pertitnent
information
Teacher Tip:
The teacher should
emphasize that there is
a need for them to
analyze the result of
the survey and make
recommendations so
students should take it
seriously.
4 (Needs Improvement)
The goal is missing from
the report
Books:
K to 12 Senior High School Core Curriculum- Personal Development December 2013
Detterman, Douglas K. "Intelligence." Microsoft® Student 2009 [DVD]. Redmond,
WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.
Santos, R. (2016). Personal Development. REX Book Store. Manila, Philippines.
Herman G. R. A Journey to Personal Development (Senior High School). FNB
Educational Inc.
Llanera-Ramos, M. (2017) Personal Development for Senior High School. C & E
Publishing Inc. Quezon City. Pp 108-118
Cruz, M., Cruz, E. (2016). Personal Development. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Barangka Drive, Mandaluyong City.Journal Articles