Objective type questions related to topic “Comparative Genomics”
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A) Multiple Choice Questions (25)
1. Which of the following is an example of Homology and similarity tool?
(a) BLAST
(b) RasMol
(c) EMBOSS
(d) PROSPECT
2. In which year did the SWISSPROT protein sequence database begin?
(a) 1988
(b) 1985
(c) 1986
(d) 1987
3. Which of the following scientists created the first Bioinformatics database?
(a) Dayhoff
(b) Pearson
(c) Richard Durbin
(d) Michael.J.Dunn
4. The human genome contains approximately__________.
(a) 6 billion base pairs
(b) 5 billion base pairs
(c) 3 billion base pairs
(d) 4 billion base pairs
5. Which of the following tools is used for the identification of motifs?
(a) BLAST
(b) COPIA
(c) PROSPECT
(d) Pattern hunter
6. The first molecular biology server expasy was in the year __________.
(a) 1992
(b) 1993
(c) 1994
(d) 1995
7. What is the deposition of cDNA into the inert structure called?
(a) DNA probes
(b) DNA polymerase
(c) DNA microarrays
(d) DNA fingerprinting
8. The identification of drugs through the genomic study is called__________.
(a) Genomics
(b) Pharmacogenomics
(c) Pharmacogenetics
(d) Cheminformatics
9. Which of the following compounds has desirable properties to become a drug?
(a) Fit drug
(b) Lead
(c) Fit compound
(d) All of the above
10. Proteomics refers to the study of __________.
(a) Set of proteins in a specific region of the cell
(b) Biomolecules
(c) Set of proteins
(d) The entire set of expressed
proteins in the cell
11. The process of finding the relative location of genes on a chromosome is called
__________.
(a) Gene tracking
(b) Genome walking
(c) Genome mapping
(d) Chromosome walking
12. The computational methodology that tries to find the best matching between two molecules,
a receptor and ligand are called __________.
(a) Molecular fitting
(b) Molecular matching
(c) Molecular docking
(d) Molecule affinity checking
13. Which of the following are not the application of bioinformatics?
(a) Drug designing
(b) Data storage and management
(c) Understand the
(d) None of the above
relationships between organisms
14. The term “invitro” is the Latin word which refers to__________.
(a) Within the lab
(b) Within the glass
(c) Outside the lab
(d) Outside the glass
15. The stepwise method for solving problems in computer science is called__________.
(a) Flowchart
(b) Algorithm
(c) Procedure
(d) Sequential design
16. The term Bioinformatics was coined by __________.
(a) J.D Watson
(b) Pauline Hogeweg
(c) Margaret Dayhoff
(d) Frederic Sanger
17. The laboratory work using computers and associated with web-based analysis generally
online is referred to as __________.
(a) In silico
(b) Dry lab
(c) Wet lab
(d) All of the above
18. Which of the following is the first completed and published gene sequence?
(a) ΦX174
(b) T4 phage
(c) M13 phage
(d) Lambda phage
19. The laboratory work using computers and computer-generated models generally offline is
referred to as __________.
(a) Insilico
(b) Wet lab
(c) Dry lab
(d) All of the above
20. The computer simulation refers to __________.
(a) Dry lab
(b) Invitro
(c) In silico
(d) Wet lab
21. In 1988, Office of Human Genome Project was established by which of the following
a) National institute of Health
b) National Chemical laboratory
c) National Centre for Biotechnology Information
d) International Centre of Genetic engineering and Biotechnology
22. Which of the following scientist was appointed as the first Director of Human Genome
Project?
a) A.H. Paterson
b) P.M. Gresshoff
c) K.E. Davis
d) J.D. Watson
23. A way to discern lateral gene transfer is through phylogenetic analysis, referred to as an
among-genome’ approach, which can be used to discover __________
a) recent lateral gene transfer events but almost negligible ancient events
b) recent lateral gene transfer events
c) ancient lateral gene transfer events
d) both recent and ancient lateral gene transfer events
24. All are Genome sequencing strategies except
a) Edman degradation method
b) Short gun library
c) Whole genome short gun sequencing
d) Directed gene sequencing
25. Which of the following is not a gene expression database
a) Gene Bank
b) Fly view
c) Seed Genes
d) Body map
B) True or False (25)
1. Comparative genomics is comparison of whole genomes from different organisms
True
2. Comparative genomics includes comparison of gene number, gene location, and gene
content from these genomes
True
3. Comparative genomics provides insights into the mechanism of genome evolution and gene
transfer among genomes
False
4. Comparative genomics doesn’t help to reveal the extent of conservation among genomes
True
5. In comparative genomics, the alignment at the genome level is fundamentally no different
from the basic sequence alignment
True
6. It doesn’t help to understand sequence conservation between genomes
False
7. LAGAN is a web-based program designed for pairwise alignment of small fragments of
genomes only
False
8. LAGAN first finds anchors between two genomic sequences using an algorithm that
identifies short, exactly matching words
False
9. Lateral gene transfer is one of the examples is transformation
True
10. Within-Genome Approach is to identify regions within a genome with unusual compositions.
True
11. Genes involved in the same metabolic pathway tend to be clustered among phylogenetically
diverse organisms.
True
12. In Gene Order comparison, gene order is much more conserved compared with gene
sequences
False
13. DNA sequencing followed by genome annotation are steps of comparative genomics
False
14. Variation between individuals due to single base changes is called as SNPs
True
15. Small cDNA sequence that represents a unique segment of an active gene is called as
ESTs
True
16. The Process of finding relative location of genes on chromosome is called gene tracing
False
17. HRP enzyme is used in PCR
False
18. Sequence tagged site are the short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence
False
19. Cotig is a set of overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of
DNA.
True
20. During DNA profiling, DNA nucleotides hybridized with the probe can be detected through
autoradiography.
True
21. Genes of different species but possessing a clear sequence and functional relationship to
each other are homologues
False
22. Southern blots displays differences in the length of restriction fragments
True
23. The ultimate aim of the genome project is to decipher the function of some of the genes
present in the human genome
False
24. An enzymatic procedure of DNA sequencing was developed by Maxam and Gilbert
False
25. BLOSUM matrices are used for pairwise sequence alignment
True
C) Fill in the blanks (25)
1. A minimal constitutes genome, which is a minimal set of genes required for maintaining
a free living cellular organism.
2. Core genes is a web-based program that determines a core set of genes based on
comparison of four small genomes.
3. A data base of current sequence map of the human genome is called as Golden path.
4. A single piece of information in a database is called field.
5. PRINTS is software used for identification of functional domains/motifs of protein.
6. Clastal W is a multiple sequence alignment tool.
7. Small samples of proteins are detected by Northern blotting.
8. The first genome sequenced was Haemophilus influenzae.
9. Annotation is the process that identifies gene their regulatory sequence functions.
10. Paralogues are homologues genes that have evolved by duplication and code for
protein with similar but not identical functions.
11. Full form of BLAST is Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.
12. Restriction map is a physical kind of map.
13. Abbreviation IHGSC stands for International Human Genome Consortium.
14. The technique of chromosome jumping is used for creating contigs
15. Abbreviation FACS stands for fluorescence activated cell sorter.
16. Syntenic region refers to a chromosomal segment where preserved co-localization of
genes on chromosomes of different species are observed
17. ArrayCGH can be used to detect copy number variations (CNVs)
18. The term speciation refers to the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to
become distinct species.
19. Horizontal (Lateral) Gene Transfer is the movement of genetic material between
species (or genus) other than by vertical descent.
20. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was the first eukaryote to have its complete genome
sequence published in 1996.
21. 1cM represents approximately 1000 kb of DNA in humans.
22. In mammals and plants, individual chromosome can be isolated by the technique of
Chromosome sorting.
23. Resolution of cytogenetic mapping is much better in those species that have polytene
chromosome.
24. DNA foot printing is done to determine the location and length of the binding sites of
various proteins that binds to protein.
25. Abbreviation ELISA stands for Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay.
D) Match the pair (30)
1
2
3
4
Column A
1. Western blotting
2. Southern hybridization
3. Northern hybridization
4. PCR assay
5
6
7
1. Pfu DNA polymerase
2. Vent DNA polymerase
3. Taq DNA polymerase
B
A
C
A) Thermococcus litoralis
B) Pyrococcus furiosus
C) Thermus aquenticus
8
9
10
11
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arabidopsis thaliana
Drosophila melanogaster
Caneorhabditis eleganse
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C
D
A
B
A)
B)
C)
D)
20000
6000
26000
16000
12
13
14
15
1.
2.
3.
4.
Functional Genomics
Marker
Proteomics
Probe
D
A
B
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Protein
Gene Isolation
Functions of all genes
16
17
18
19
1.
2.
3.
4.
Exon
TATA Box
-35 sequence
ß ß’ subunits
D
A
B
C
A)
B)
C)
D)
Melting
Promoter recognition
E.coli RNA polymerase
Expressed sequence
20
1. GAME
C
21
2. AAT
D
22
3. DAS
A
23
4. Glimmer
B
A) Indexing and visualization
B) Detection of genes from genome
sequence
C) Description of experimental
evidence
D) Analysis and annotation
24
25
26
27
1.
2.
3.
4.
B
C
D
A
A)
B)
C)
D)
FGENEH
MAPMAKER
MUMer
Genequest
Answer
C
D
A
B
Column B
A) Transcription
B) Putative transgenics
C) Antigen-antibody interaction
D) Transgene interaction
Sequence assembly
Identification of presence of genes
Preparation of molecular map
Whole genome alignment
28
29
30
31
1. Comparative linkage maps
of rice and maize genomes
2. Gene amplification
3. First molecular genetic
linkage map of rice
4. Human Genome Project
C
A) Brown and David
A
B) Watson
D
C) Ahn and Tanksley
B
D) McCouch