1. Problem 2C
a. This is an instance of modus tollens. It starts with a position and then denies it to
prove the inverse of the position.
2. Problem 5C
a. This is an example of a constructive dilemma. It starts with a disjunctive
syllogism, frames both cases as conditional statements, then reaches a
conclusion.
3. Problem 3B
a. This is an instance of a categorical statement. The terms can be marked in the
following manner – All A (who seek public office) are B (noble). Some A (who
seek public office) are C (not wise). So, some A (who seek public office) are not B
(not noble). Its validity can be disproven by the following counterexample. All
who play basketball are skilled. Some who play basketball are not tall. So, some
who play basketball are not skilled. This is obviously false.
4. See below
a. 7.
b. 8
c. 6
d. 10
e. 4
f. 5
g. 11
h. 12
i. 1
j. 13
k. 15
l. 8
m. 14
n. 9
o. 2