Page 1 PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT 15% 85% Plagiarised Date 2021‐06‐26 Words 559 Characters 3922 Unique Content Checked For Plagiarism 3.6 Validity and reliability 3.6.1 Validity Validity refers to the extent to which measurement of instrument actually measure what is intended to measure. It is the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. It involves the degree to which you are measuring what you are supposed to, more simply, the accuracy of your measurement. Therefore, pilot test will be conducted and this validation will made to get some evidence on whether the content of the items will be relevant in helping to answer the research questions as well as to check the clarity of the questions through discussion with experts and advisor. 3.6.2 Reliability Reliability is an indicator of a measure’s internal consistency. Consistency is the key to understanding reliability. A measure is reliable when different attempts at measuring something converge on the same result ﴾John, 2009﴿. Thus, reliability refers to the consistency and dependability of a measuring instrument; using it repeatedly should give us the same or similar results every time. The techniques applied to assess the reliability of data collection instrument in this study will be Cronbach Coefficient Alpha; the most commonly used and can test reliability with various item formats. Cronbach’s alpha reflects that the extent to which the items in questionnaire are related to each other. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha normally range between 0‐1 values, which indicate the higher the values the higher degree of internal consistency. Internal consistency will be acceptable if Cronbach’s alpha is high ﴾George and Mallery 2003﴿. Although, different author accept different values of this tests to reach on internal reliability of the instrument, the most commonly accepted value is equal to or greater than 0.70 to reach on reliability of acceptable instrument ﴾Nunally 1978﴿. To assure this rule, the researcher will distribute 20 questionnaires for non‐sampled selected respondents. 3.7 Ethical considerations The ethical consideration will be taken into account throughout data collection. First, each selected respondent will be informed that his/her response is voluntary and only those who will be provided verbal and written consent will take part in the study. Second, the clear introduction and elaboration of the objectives of the study will be given to every respondent before engaging him/her in filling the questionnaire. Thirdly, research tool will have an introduction so that participants identities will be kept anonymous, in order to avoid any harm to respondents. Furthermore, the study will be abided by the ethics of social research ranging from professional ethics to those concerning researcher‐ respondent relationship. In addition, all who will assist the researcher in one way or another was given due respect. Acknowledgements of other scholars’ works will be maintained throughout the research process. 3.8 Proposed Time and Budget 3.8.1 Time Schedule No. Activities Time March April May June July August 1 Title selection 2 Submit Concept Note to Advisor 3 Preparation of First Draft Proposal September 4 Submission of final draft proposal to Department 5 Proposal defence 6 Preparation of questionnaire 7 Data collection 8 Submission of First draft Thesis to Advisor 9 Submission of Final Draft Thesis to Department 10 Thesis Defence 3.8.2 Budget No. Material required Cost﴾ in Birr﴿ 1 Paper 2 Note book 3 Pen 100 4 Pencil 5 Transportation 1500 6 Telephone card 7 Internet 2200 8 Photo copy 9 Print 1400 10 Binder 200 11 CD 150 12 College service fee 10,000 Total 200 100 50 1000 600 17,500 Matched Source Similarity 25% Title: ﴾DOC﴿ VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A TEST | Galadima Shewa ... There are three types of validity: It is the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. More formally, Cook and Campbell ﴾1979﴿ define it as the "best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion." https://www.academia.edu/15328132/VALIDITY_AND_RELIABILITY_OF_A_TEST Similarity 13% Title: How can a researcher assess the reliability and validity ... Reliability is an indicator of a measure’s internal consistency. A measure is reliable when different attempts at measuring something converge on the same result. Internal consistency represents a measure’s homogeneity. https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4vl4vj/How‐can‐a‐researcher‐assess‐the‐reliability‐and‐validity‐of‐a‐multi‐item/ Similarity 9% Title: Discovering Statistics Using SAS | Request PDF ‐ ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241278355_Discovering_Statistics_Using_SAS Similarity 5% Title: January February March April May June July August ... January February March April May June July August September October November December This month is /////. Next month is /////. Last month was /////. My birthday is in /////. Super Teacher Worksheets ‐ www.superteacherworksheets.com https://www.superteacherworksheets.com/calendars/months‐this‐next‐last_MONTH.pdf Page 2