Question One A a. Temporary services for duration of project: i. Electricity connection for lighting and equipment use ii. Water pipes for drinking, washing, curing of concrete, hosing down of equipment after use and for waste water iii. Data & telephone connection for analysis and communication/coordination (Wiki, 2021) b. - Worker Safety & Amenity as per H&S Employment Act 1992: Toilet facilities Drinking water & washing facilities Designated area for meals/breaks Accommodation for meals and clothes First aid facilities Lighting Dry Area with shelter c. - Access & Storage Site office for team meetings, consultant visits and management team Security – lockable entry/exit points to close off access after work hours Access points for delivery vehicles to drop of materials etc. Parking for workers and consultants coming on site d. - Storage Storage area for tools and equipment Storage area for materials to be used in project Area for rubbish to be disposed safely and securely e. - Public Protection as per NZBC clause F5: Construction and Demolition Hazards Fencing Hoarding (minimum 2 meters) Toe boards Gantry Temporary works required during construction process (TWFNZ, n.d.) a. Subfloor & Foundation - Demolition and clearing of original building on site - Site clearing – removal of top soil, vegetation and all loose aggregate - - Site Grading – to obtain required elevation so that concrete for car park and drive way can be laid Compaction of soil – engineer report states that soil is extra sensitive to disturbance, methods of compaction such a roller compaction or dynamic compaction may need to be undertaken. Excavation of site as required per foundation design, along with any excavation support that may be required. De watering methods Trenches dug to allow services and pipelines to be laid. Formwork – used to contain poured concrete for foundation b. Structural Frame & Envelope - Falsework – in order to keep structure in place until it can support itself such as back propping and/or shoring - Crane – particular if tilt up construction method is used - Crane base– will need to be set strategically on the work site where it doesn’t impede day to day construction work but also so that it can lift and place heavy loads as required - Scaffolding - Mobile platforms for elevated work - Retaining walls Question 1B All construction projects are unique with individualised specifications that pertain to the particular project, and complex in the sense that there are a variety of activities ongoing at any given time that requires effective coordination and management to ensure deadlines are met (Lepage, 2020). Delays are almost always inevitable in one sense or another during a construction project, due to the dependence on a variety of parties and individuals, such as contractors, suppliers and workers etc. to deliver within a set time frame. Construction delays are defined as the extra time, beyond the stipulated completion date, that is required for the project to be completed (Andersen, 2018). The importance of the project manager in mitigating delays and disruption during construction is paramount, and is achieved through effectively coordination and management. The following are the key risks identified that may disrupt or delay the project: a. Bad weather is a key risk that can cause delays to any construction project, due to its unpredictable nature and the fact that it is outside the control of contractors. Bad weather, such as persistent rainfall, can lead to a day’s work being ‘rained off’, and is especially problematic as it can have a domino effect that leads to follow on delays such as: damage to partial works, earthworks being saturated, clean up and drying required on site, material delivery delays, cost implications etc. Bad weather is always a key risk for construction projects in Auckland, where we are exposed to unseasonal climatic conditions all year round, and is of particularly relevance to the project located at 25 Tui Road, as this site is identified as being susceptible to ‘very high rainfall intensity’ at 90-100 as per BRANZ rainfall intensity maps (Benaroche, 2019). b. Asbestos is another key risk that may disrupt the Diversity Centre project construction due to the fact the site previously housed a post 1950’s building, which had to be demolished in order for the Diversity Centre construction to begin. Asbestos was a common material used in buildings between 1940-2000 due to its fire and noise resistant properties, before it was later discovered that it is a carcinogen that diseases such as lung cancer and mesothelioma (WorkSafe NZ, 2019). Asbestos is dangerous when it is disturbed or damaged – especially during demolition, (which is of particular concern to the site in question) where fine dust and fibres are released into the air, and then inhaled/indigested. This risk is of particular significance as WorkSafe NZ brought in new regulations for Asbestos in April 2018, which must be adhered to, or will cause further timely and costly delays to the construction project (WorkSafe NZ, n.d.) c. Unforeseen ground conditions is another risk that may impede the construction process of the Diversity project, and can occur due to the fact that geological tests cannot always predict the condition of the whole site (Kieran Sean Flynn, 2017). Where the ground conditions are found to differ greatly from what was expected, this can cause significant delays on the project as it may lead to a need for change in excavation methods, a redesign of the foundation to accommodate ground conditions or the use of different equipment more suited to the conditions – all of which can cause significant delays and costs to a construction project. Examples of unforeseen ground conditions can include; rocks existing where it was presumed soft strata existed, unexpected utility lines from previous building on site, or unknown, previously buried debris. d. Force majeure e.g. covid lockdown, natural disaster e. Unable to work during night/outside of council specified construction times Solutions a. Bad weather is inevitable but can be mitigated through effective planning and scheduling for weather delays and allowing the project timeline to accommodate such uncontrollable variables. Although it is possible to undertake work on the site during mild bad weather, extra safety precautions for workers must be provided such as; non-skid materials, proper outerwear, signage for slippery areas and adequate lighting so that work can continue. However, forcing work during bad weather, can cause accidents to occur, which in itself brings a whole other set of delays. It is vital to have open communication with the client in the event of any weather induced delays to let them know that delays will be expected as a result. Having effective drainage systems on site, along with water pumps, will speed up the drying process post bad weather on site and allow construction to continue as soon as possible (Benaroche, 2019) b. Asbestos regulations NZ requires any demolition on pre-January 2000 buildings to identify any asbestos on the building, and where it is not possible to determine, you must assume the presence of asbestos, as per WorkSafe guidelines. All asbestos must be removed prior to demolition taking place, this will be done by hiring an Asbestos specialist in Auckland such as Protectus, which is a WorkSafe licensed asbestos removal contractor (WorkSafe, n.d.) c. In order to mitigate the risks of unforeseen ground conditions during construction, it is vital to undertake a thorough Geotechnical investigation of the site, so that any possible geological risks posed to the construction can be identified and mitigated accordingly. As per the geotechnical survey undertaken on the Diversity Centre site by LANDER Geotechnical, the report states the following disclaimer, “as evidence has been obtained from three bore holes…provides information about a small volume of subsoils…there may be special conditions on this site which have not been disclosed.” This is a key disclaimer from LANDER saying they have only tested a small sample of the site, and further investigation is required to fully understand the make-up of the whole site. The report is based on the findings from only three boreholes being dug. Therefore, a further and more extensive testing around the site will give a clear picture of the geological make up. Question 2a All work to be done on the proposed building in terms of services are to be carried out in accordance with relevant NZ Building Code provisions and AS/NZS standards, as stated in Architectural Specifications document prepared by Apex Architecture LTD. a. Hydraulics - Hydraulic services system designed by hydraulic services consultants ltd Hot and Cold-water supply system work carried out to NZBC g12 standards All plumbing work carried out under the plumbers, gasfitters and drainlayers act 2006 2-year warranty provided for installation Gas installation carried out as per Gas Regulations 2010 Tapware, showers, sanitary fixtures installed to NZBC G13 guidelines Ground Level consist of: 1x Rheem 45 L Hot Water Cylinder, 1x 135 L Rheem Mains Pressure Hot Water Unit Level 2 consists of: 2x Rheem 45 L Hot Water Cylinder – 1 for kitchens on level 1 and 2, and 1 for bathrooms on level 1 and 2 Level 3 consists of 2x Rheem 300 L hot water cylinder for the 7 rooms on 3rd floor Sanitary installation carried out to nzbc g 13 requirements Stormwater installation to meet NZBC e1:e2 Stormwater drain located in north west on the ground floor b. Ventilation - - Mechanical ventilation system being installed by comfort systems as per ventilation design report Mechanical ventilation system complies with NZBC G4 Ventilation guidelines, NZS 4303:1990 & AS1668:2:2012 provisions for Ventilation For ground floor: 6x inline extract fans located in male and female bathroom in lobby (3 each) and 1x ceiling mounted extract fans for gym shower and toilet For 1st floor: ceiling extract fans located in shower/toilet, while both the meditation room and community hall area have openable window area at more than 5% of floor area so complies with NZBC G4 and doesn’t require mechanical ventilation Level 2 has openable window area at more than 5% of floor area so complies with NZBC G4 and doesn’t require mechanical ventilation For level 3: kitchen and bathroom extract fan system are coordinated for each of the 7 rooms c. Electricity - 1-year warranty provided for electrical installation Electricity work carried out to comply with Electricity Regulations 2010 Wiring system done to NZS 3000 standard Security system installed as per NZS 2201 d. Fire Safety - Installation of wet pipe automatic sprinkler system carried out to NZBC Clause C standards All work carried out under the plumbers, gasfitters and drainlayers act 2006 e. Elevator - Installed by Schindler NZ Lift model: Schindler 3300 with speed of 1m/s, capacity of 1000 kg with 4 stops in total 1.6m x 2.239m in dimensions of lift car 1 year warranty period Certificate of Conformity provided, guaranteeing compliance with NZBC B1, B2, C5, D1, D2, F4, F8, G8 G9 clauses. Question 2b - Risk group for building is SM, CA and VP based on escape heigh of 10 metres Ground, 1st and 2nd floor installed with type 4 automatic fire alarm system with smoke detection, manual call points as per NZBC/as2 and in accordance with NZS 4512 Level 3 accommodation level requires type 5 automatic fire alarm system Ground and level 1 have two means of escape Level 2 and 3 has single means of escape Emergency lighting Provided along horizontal and vertical staircase in accordance with clause f6 Signage Will be installed along escape routes in accordance with clause f8 Inter-storey construction, car park and accommodation areas separated by a 60/60/60 FRR Fire Doors: - Designed to achieve a -/60/30 FRR Auto closers and signage as per clause f8 Designed to swing both ways and divide corridors used as escape routes Flooring used will be non-combustible or have a radiant heat flux of not less than 2.2 KW/m2 All exit lighting to meet F8 of NZBC, with emergency lighting system installed to AS 2293: 2005 standards Question 2c Procurement is one part of the pre-construction phase and is the process through which the necessary goods and services of a project are acquired, in order for it to be completed within the set time line. Developing a proactive procurement strategy is vital, where ordering of all required materials is done in an organised and timely manner to facilitate a smooth construction project. In determining the key services plant that require pre – ordering for the Diversity Centre project, it must be noted that due to the scale of the project, which being rather small, in comparison to other large scale commercial building projects, many of the key service plants will not require pre ordering due to the small scale of the project and the fact many things can be purchased on the day. For example, heat pumps can be purchased on the day from stores such as Harvey Norman, while if it was a 20 storey building, then it would not be possible to purchase the required amount of heat pumps on the day, but In the case of the Diversity Centre, with it being a medium size 4 storey building, the required heat pumps can be purchase on the day and wouldn’t require pre ordering. Furthermore, service plants such as Hot Water Cylinders, Pumps and Gas Heaters, all can be purchased from stores such as Plumbing Plus on the day also. Therefore, due to the medium size of the Diversity Project, majority of service plants won’t require pre ordering. The one key service plant that will however need to be pre ordered is the Elevator from Schindler. Question 2d Project management software such as “Base Camp”, ProofHub” and “Meister Task” can be ustilised to ensure correct organisation of building services, by coordinating the order in which services need to and will be installed e.g. first electricity must be installed on this date, so that the lift can be installed following on from that etc. (Adair, n.d.) Building Information software such as “AutoCAD”, “Revit”, “Sketch up” could be used by a specialist to create a fully integrated building services system, to then be implemented by contractors (Best Building Design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) Software, n.d.) The installation of all building services will be carried out in accordance with relevant NZ Building code Clauses and AS/NZS Standards that apply to each service, the key/relevant guidelines for the main building services are provided below (Building Act , 2004): Service Water Supply System Applicable Codes/Standards AS/NZS 3500.1:2018 Plumbing and drainage Part 1: Water services NZBC CLAUSE G12 Water Supplies: Protection of Potable Water Drainage Service System AS/NZS 3500.2:2018 Plumbing and drainage Part 2: Sanitary plumbing and drainage NZBC Clause G13 Foul Water Electricity Supply System AS/NZS 3000:2018 – NZ Wiring Rules NZBC Clause G9 Electricity Electricity Act 1992 Telecommunications System AS/NZS 1367:2016 AS/NZS 15018:2005 A1 AS/NZS 11801.1:2019 HVAC System NZBC Clause E3 Internal Moisture NZBC Clause G4 Ventilation NZBC Clause G5 Interior Environment NZS 4303:1990 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality AS/NZS 4740:2000 – Natural Ventilators (Building Act , 2004) Question 3 i. • Foundation/Ground Floor Current System: Mix of slab and pad Pad/Slab foundations are an economical option, requiring less excavation, allowing easy installation and the ability to be easily molded into varying shapes and sizes makes it usable across varying site conditions and varying architectural designs. Adv - Slab and Pad foundations are poured and completed in a relatively short time, allowing for project to progress in a timely manner Provide good thermal insulation (Design Buildings, 2018) Easy integration with variety of flooring systems Stable and sturdy option as building is directly rested on concrete slabs and pads which transer load to soil (Homes, 2018) Disadv - Can be vulnerable to differential settlement Difficult to integrate with building services from underneath Difficult to modify post completion (Civil Engineers Forum, 2016) • Alternative System: raft foundation Rafts are a sturdy, shallow foundation option that is particularly useful on unstable strata with low bearing capacity, where the weight of building needs to be spread over a large area to create stability. Adv - Economical option due to less excavation being required due to shallow nature, while also combining the foundation and floor slab into one. Easy to construct and install Resistance to differential settlement through bridging over cavities on below strata Enhanced bearing capacity Disadv - Can be vulnerable to erosion (Civil Today, n.d.) Recommended System Raft foundation due to its usability on unstable strata as the geotechnical investigation for the Diversity Centre analysed that the site strata may be vulnerable to large disturbance in soil and have varying degrees of strength (Define Civil, 2018). ii. • Structural Frame Current System: reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete is a popular, economical building material combining cement concrete with steel reinforcement. Adv High Compressive strength - Good Fire resistant properties - Durability of material as structure along with low maintenance costs over time - Ability to be moulded - high compressive strength and good tensile resistance - low labour costs with erection (Prasad, 2019) Disadv - Shrinkage can occur overtime, causing weakness in structural integrity Lower tensile strength compared to alternatives Unsustainable material in terms of low recyclable properties and high environmental disturbance (Shoaejn, 2016) • Alternative system: steel structure Adv - uniformity in property, providing precision in finish and low material variability fast construction times leading to lower labour costs High Strength And Light Weight Nature Produced off site, allowing efficiency with project Steel is 100% recyclable, making a green building material and great sustainable solution (Civil Today, n.d.) Disadv - Expensive intial option compared to alternative options susceptible to corrosion when exposed to air and water (Prasad, 2019) Recommended System Steel Structure, due to its high sustainable integrity, light weight properties in compared to concrete, while its uniformity and ease of installation makes it a fast structure to set up. iii. • External wall cladding system Current System: clay veneer cladding on concrete block Adv - Cheap solution for cladding Easy installation Durable Aesthetic option Lightweight option, reducing structural load Fire resistant properties Low ongoing maintenance costs (Kapoor, 2010) Disadv - Vulnerable to prolonged, heavy rainfall – moisture absorption can occur overtime - Does not aid structural integrity (Renocompare, n.d.) • Alternative system: profile metal cladding Adv - Good weathertightness properties – high deflection of elements Wide range of colours and styles Low maintenance long term Very sustainable option as metal is 100% recyclable Fire resistant Lightweight option (Shoaejn, 2016) Disadv - Low penetrative strength High initial cost Vulnerable to rust Colour fading over time from conditions (Cladspray, 2020) Recommended System Metal cladding, although it has a higher initial cost, its weathertightness strength and recyclability provide long term vision and accountability. iv. Interior partitions: • Current System: gib wall Adv - Versatile and usability across varying designs and needs - Easy to install Fire resistant Economical option with good durability Great sustainable option as material is recyclable and most use recycled materials (Decor, 2016) Disadv - Weak resistance against moisture Easily damaged/dented (Remont, n.d.) • Alternative System: Glass Adv - High aesthetic appeal Promotes natural light Low maintenance Easy to install Good sustainable option as made from natural resources and recyclable (G.D. Lint, n.d.) Disadv - Reduced privacy Expensive option (Sheker, n.d.) Recommended System Gib Wall, as it is a much cheaper option then glass as a partition wall material, while also providing great sustainable integrity with a large amoint of GIB material being made from recyable material today, and being lightweight and easy to customise and install. Bibliography Adair, B. (n.d.). The Best Building Maintenance Software Systems for 2021. Retrieved from https://www.selecthub.com/cmms/building-maintenance-management-software/ Andersen, B. (2018). The top 10 universal delay factors in construction projects. 1753-8378. Benaroche, A. (2019). Weather Delays. Retrieved from https://www.levelset.com/blog/weather-delay-claims/ Best Building Design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) Software. (n.d.). Retrieved from BIM Modeling information: https://www.g2.com/categories/building-designand-building-information-modeling-bim Building Act . (2004). Retrieved from https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0072/latest/DLM306036.html Civil Engineers Forum. (2016). Retrieved from https://civilengineersforum.com/slabfoundation-advantages-disadvantages-uses/ Civil Today. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://civiltoday.com/geotechnicalengineering/foundation-engineering/168-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-raftfoundation Cladspray. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.cladspraysolutions.co.uk/2020/01/29/prosand-cons-of-metal-cladding/ Decor. (2016). Retrieved from https://decorsystems.com.au/the-advantages-of-usingplasterboard-in-construction/ Define Civil. (2018). Retrieved from https://definecivil.com/advantages-of-raft-foundationdisadvantages/#Advantages_of_Raft_Foundation Design Buildings. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Pad_foundation Designing Buildings Wiki. (n.d.). Temporary Works. Retrieved from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Temporary_works_for_construction#:~: text=Temporary%20works%20are%20described%20in,support%20an%20item%20of %20plant G.D. Lint. (n.d.). The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Partitioning. Retrieved from https://www.gdlinteriors.com/the-pros-and-cons-of-different-partition-wall-types/ Homes. (2018). Slab Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.homes.com/blog/2018/04/slab-vs-foundation-what-are-thedifferences-and-which-is-better/ Kapoor. (2010). 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