INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
ISSN: 2349-4689
Corrective Isometric Strength in Lumbopelvic Hip
Complex for Postural Structure Muscle Formation
Yeliz Kahraman
Akdeniz University, Movement and Training Department
Abstract – The purpose was to compare the changes in
dynamic force tasks flexion and corrective isometric strength
and endurance. Twenty-five resistance male performed initial
corrective, improvement and maintain corrective isometric
strength pre-posttest. They are crossover group were completed
11 exercise regimes of over 8-weeks. The corrective isometric
strength performed knee bow out, knee bow in, anterior pelvic
tilt, arm fall and trunk muscular contractions. Significant and
large time x load interactions were observed with flexion
angular motion (P= 0.001 = η2p : 0.47) and improvement phase
showed (P > 0.05 = 0.60). Effect of standard for times showed
moderate effect size in flexion strength both corrective
isometric phases. In conclusion, both complex training and
phase development improved muscular performance by means
of different mechanisms.
Keywords: Lumbar flexibility, corrective muscles formation,
thoracolumbar, isometric strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
Mobility dysfunction any tasks of the sub-systems that
bring about negative compensations in performance
muscular [20]. For example, lumbo-pelvic complex show
in terms of performance rotated movement in humans with
complex lumbar spine compartment formation syndrome.
But as improper neuromuscular rotated movement in
humans with complex lumbar spine causes excessive
bending flexion in all lumbopelvic fixed compartment [1].
Spinal balance to enable longitudinal rectus femoris and
gluteus maximus conduct it possible to perform
prophylactive activities and avoid compensatory
mechanisms for the postural cone posterior stability region
of economy [3,21,24,31]. This for such reason, it was
revealed compasention deformity have noncontact
mechanism and abnormal patterns [10,31]. Many tests
assess the transver plane of the lumbar spine by pelvic
rotation mechanical movement is described [6,9].
Similarly, repetitive isometric contractions reduce the
risks injury such as back and lower back exercises have
gluteus maximus fascia latea minimal effect is inserted to
the iliotibial tract 5 second generation of force may
influence lower fixation dynamic [23,35]. Moroever, an
important muscle has thoracolumbar fascia was supported
further load transfer [8,27]. In contract, load transfer must
be for mechanical load analysis from lower compartment
to upper as lower lumbo-pelvic region compartment that
exceed excessive cause tibia rotation based on hip 60%
www.ijspr.com
lateral limb [6,9,20]. However, in internal rotation of the
fixed tibialis most occur strain snydromes [23]. To better
understanding load transfer mechanic along lumbopelvichip complex as a kinetic chain in postural function should
be functional tendon strain as parts of spine contra rotated.
Therefore, locomotive posture causes torsional
musculature decreased hip strength and gluteus muscle
activities in overactive increasing but observed overactive
hip adductor motion in dynamic load condition [5].
Fascies tendon strain are create in specific body segments
but may be more prone to asymmetry has reported in the
spinal transver plane. This short of strain therapy, the
sports training program for dynamic neuromuscular
balance has been reduced muscle energy generation [17].
Studies have shown that the lumbar region shows postural
muscles during power and strength condition but not
enough static or isometric strengthening [21,25]. This has
concepts effect to protect the spine and maintain proper
posture with athletes and physical [27,30].
II. SYSTEM MODEL
In studies have found that a corrective exercise reduces
energy reduce energy generation from the high load 7090% static isoinertial [25,27]. Lumbopelvic-hip complex
contains the muscle the proximal and distal ends group
that connects abdomen, proximal lower syndrome to the
losses of segment kinetic chain have shown to alter back
injury [19,21,35].
Approximately postural segment distortion of physical
individuals who collapse in complex movement sporting
event do so only after has dynamic load stress [21,30,38].
The postural control and strategy of dynamic postural
segment should be spinal balance. Although, it is usually
that “mechanic syndrome” explains this compartment
complex to be imbalance musculature and myofascial
dystrophy [23,24]. Generally, the lumbar region has
shown congenital induced forward flexion of the trunk
that is the overactivity flexion [31,35]. Faulty may pelvic
spinal blocked position one main reason to severe postural
deviation [8]. The aim is return energy generation to
maintain skeletal muscle fixation. This mechanism was
used to exercise muscle volume [26]. Thus, ultimate
isoinertial force be horizontal lumbar to preserve a greater
strain [26,27]. This mechanism was used to exercise
muscle volume [26]. Lee defined the force generation of
IJSPR | 1
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
postural muscle torso therefore, causing proximal crossed
toward the trunk [11,15]. However, this is not progressive
adaptation can be caused by ineffiency in pelvic and hip
stabilization in pelvic and hip stabilization high isometric
[28]. Structural integrity within physiologic limitation
shows by reducing postural segmental disrupture has
highlighted the contribution of lumbar deep musculature
and decreased strength function or imbalance may be by
vertical lumbar flexion [32,33]. Thus, it is referenced
isometric exercises is strength are a common muscular
correlated spinal alignement to weakness such as
sacrotuberous ligament [29]. Hence, lumbar lordosis view
in lumbar spine radiography radius technique and lumbar
myofasiculus deep multifidus, lower longissimus,
ilicostalis may imbalance coordination of lumbopelvic
region force movement [7,27,32]. These muscular
procedure contraction mode for the mechanic external
force and compression or shear force [24,44]. To the
lumbar procedure region mechanical stress applied during
lifting, increased compression force causes higher stress to
intervertebral, which can cause in the degeneration of deep
muscle [44]. Compressive muscle strength also is
mechanomyography’s optimal frequency to resistance
stability exercise in lower force compartment [38]. But a
component to creating a strength training program such as
corrective exercise generated the pelvic, hip complex and
lower back and abdomen may help to strength stability. As
understanding of muscle, the functions, a muscle groups,
not three separate layers based on their low back pelvic
and hip this conditioning shows kinetic chain transfer of
lower extremity. Although, flexion movement concentric
vs. eccentric transfers have been through energy absorbed
in total, isometric force production [24]. This is essentially
force generation [37,39,44]. LPHC [Lumbopelvic-hipcomplex] instability should be considered mechanics such
as in isometric strengthening and corrective postural
control [26,39]. Such method is the single-leg squat and
superman examination [33]. Using again into LPHC
stability is characterized by postural control. Corrective
exercise to be considered postural control assessment to
maintain neutral posture or minimal deviation from
isometric contractions [28,36]. For this study, we have
analyzed that lumbar flexion we have analyzed that
lumbar flexion to assess overall torso control and LPHC
stability. But, it is shown that long-term corrective
exercise complex should have been for muscle force
generation is in isometric strength [34,36]. Spinal
instability may occur at compressive external loads as low
88N possible explaining the low load isometric strength
effectively but not isometric exercise load. Lumbar
musculature during isometric lifting is associated with risk
of injury that generally occurs at low spinal loads [34]. To
understand the mechanisms of low back movement and
www.ijspr.com
ISSN: 2349-4689
spinal stability can be estimated from corrective isometric
complex modes of neuromuscular [39].
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of
lumbar musculature posture on all spinal stability in the
torso. It was hypothesized that spinal stability is reduced
in posture by muscle will be included lateral sub-systems
known into gluteus medias, tensor fascia latea, adductor
complex quadratus lumborum.
III. PREVIOUS WORK
In this condition previous integrative neuromuscular
condition are the older adult and young research in the
most balance and ergogenic strength as no showed.
Authors have corrective muscles difference working be
was needed discovered in the literature.
IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
The problem approaches a study conducted cross-over
design within subjects. Subjects were examined for
corrective isometric strengthening program with postural
imbalance [8-weeks to 2 days]. Corrective movements
were included comprehensive isometric complex as
lumbar muscle energy modulated 3 load lights, moderate
[1RM: repetation, 50, 70, 80%] across muscle contractive
modes, power relatively movement, which included knees
bow out, knees bow in, anterior pelvic tilt, arm fall,
rowwing, lat pull down, shoulder press, back extension,
superman plank, linear crunch. This investigation used a
repeated measurement design in which all subjects
performed corrective integrity. Performed improvement
phase for a muscular size volume was RM 50-70%
moderate low frequency within suprisingly isometric
strength. To complex muscle activity were used intensity
reference RM 60-80% moderate and high frequency for
the maintain static activation muscle movement in torso to
postural structure development.
Subjects Twenty-five resistance male participated
23.4±1.04 years; 176.51±1.17 heigth; 73.24±1.20 kg,
respectively conducted in short-term 8-week corrective
isometric strengthening program approximately 1-hour per
visit. Participations signed informed consent from prior to
this study. Participants were screened for isometric
corrective performance. The study was approved for all
phase by Institutional Review Board [No-501/01386)]
with World Medical Association’s of Helsinki
Decleration.
Procedures Posture index formation the disadvantage is an
index in the postural body segment. According to
Fröhner’s have calculated angular distance of the body
segment [12]. Therefore, postural segment included in
torso orientation. Posture indexes the perpendicular
inclination both as lateral method and tragus. Sternumthoracic spine from abdominal-lumbar spine distances
IJSPR | 2
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
obtained on horizontal plane as low, optimal and poor.
This way posture index (PI) vertical cord distance between
sternum (a) and lumbar lordosis (d) with iliac crest (c) and
thoracic kyphosis references vertical cord. High deviations
lumbar lordosis thorax angle change direct indicates
flexion angle. Posture index statement shown [a+d/b+c]
1.0 -1.3 posture balance references. Results obtained are
horizontal deviations of lumbar muscles in the strain.
Torso inclination has resulted from the static load stress
that cervical-lumbar head angular of the distance shown
unilateral flexion of the sagittal configuration. The data
obtained show the postural structure of the lumbar region,
muscle tone, and strength formation capacity [13]. The
lumbar core center will be the reason the pelvic
asymmetry, lordosis, and low back pain were corrective
isometric strength. Posture deformity showed an
imbalance of pelvic rotation were corrective isometric
strength. Posture deformity showed an imbalance of pelvic
rotation while torso assessment was appropriate. Postural
assessment of thorax and lumbar muscles are compliance
of 3 body references. Sagittal configuration initial
reference point; cervical region (c), second lumbar region
(L) this two-point distance (CL) plumb, seperated from the
horizontal posterior line (D), horizontal intersection
distance (DD) deviations constant 25-cm distance obtain
one comparison (C4-L5). Moroever, according to
Matthias, calculation formula: [DD x 25/CL] was
calculated torso muscles must be evaluated the function
[14]. This condition static all spine layer is muscle
function [Figure.1]. Investigation initial plumb angle in
the lateral posture method enclosed humerus current 90 ◦
shoulder elevation 30 sn position. Posture index before
corrective isometric strength program should be trunk
strength and lumbar stability clinic test were also
implemented to muscle energy generation based on such
as a dip-test, single-leg squat, 6 m distance gait, described
for the unilateral posture [2,11]. Lumbar flexion therefore,
for kinetic chain complex if is eligibility may be a
participant in test condition for short-term isometric
muscle volume corrective training [i.e., 8-weeks]. If isn’t
eligibility must be participant because have been a
prophylactive or lumbar injury. According to Matthias
when investigated in torso compartment angle, all spine
are muscular layout. Firstly, physiologic, and strong have
been results for lateral method compartment location.
Results, physical resistance in men static physiologic 90
degree evaluated average -6.01±0.8◦ poor deviation,
strong men +8.03±1.20◦ positive deviation has shown
aponeurosis formation. But the physical limits showed
lordotic. Instability degrees generally show the 4 degrees
from the first degree (Matthias) that this is normally
known from in the first degree. Angular to the positive
deviation must be >9 degree positive that it is shown the
instability and deformation from second degree (Table 3).
www.ijspr.com
ISSN: 2349-4689
We hypothesized that lumbar improved pelvic movement
muscle activity was measured on posture as sensor-based
conventional (DorsoVi, Melbourn, Australia) is a device
that basically muscle activity L3 angular deviation of
lumbar flexion within the static investigation [15]. This
method proper measures all lumbar spine evaluation for
complex movement seen in a coronal anatomical plane.
Participants with an implanted marker position between
superior sacroiliac joint and T12 plumb line the vimove
movement sensor has first been obtained the flexion, right
flexion, left lateral flexion and contralateral flexion to
flexion movement references range on short-term 15-s
posture alignment. All measurements used to record the
flexion degrees of lumbopelvic movement, in standing
[18]. Data was normally lower than 20 Hz between
recordings, the manufacturer reports average differences
<1 degree single in each participant was estimated after
the flexion movement frequency [16]. Corrective
isometric strength, this study conducted a planned
corrective intensity for isometric postural muscle force in
the laboratory after investigation of muscle activities in
lumbar region flexion. Participants conducted 8-weeks of
postural balance included in comprehensive complex
isometric exercise to all lumbar movement and muscle
energy. The corrective exercise comprises of 1. Phase
[Initial], 2. Phase [Improvement] and 3. Phase [Maintain].
This investigation used a repeated design performed 3
load light, moderate, and high moderate as isometric
strength or muscle volume improvement. Corrective
integrity for muscle contraction modes then improvement
phase 50-70% low moderate and 60-80% high moderate
were used intensity frequencies. For the beginning, the
initial phase must be 1RM 30% or 50% across with
contraction modes and 10-12 repetitions. To complex
muscle activity were used second phase intensity
frequency 60-80RM% high moderate for maintaining
postural structure movement. Improvement phase
conducted on moderate-intensity 50-80RM% within
isometric strength for the corrective program and 12
repetitions [34]. Then, maintain muscle activity as these
are the frequency RM 60-80% but not high strength and
10 repetitions. All program 30-120-s duration included but
only the corrective initial phase based on
mechanomyography muscle changes this reason it is only
initial phase is 15-s duration.
V. SIMULATION/EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
In results corrective program difference are lumbar
degrees.
TABLE 1. CORRECTIVE ISOMETRIC PROGRAM
Volume
Isometric
Initial
Improve
ment
Mainta
in
Intensity
Duration
Corrective
Knee bow
30RM
40%
50%
30RM
15-s
IJSPR | 3
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
out
Corrective
Knee bow in
Corrective
Anterior
pelvic tilt
Corrective
Arm fall
Unilateral
Left
Rowwing
Unilateral
Right
Rowwing
Unilateral
Lat pulldown
Unilateral
Shoulder
press
Bilateral
Back
extension
Bilateral
Superman
plank
Bilateral
Linear
crunch
30RM
40%
50%
30RM
15-s
50RM
60%
70%
30RM
15-s
50RM
60%
70%
30RM
15-s
50RM
60%
70%
≥10 kg
30-s
50RM
60%
70%
≥10 kg
30-s
90-s
ISSN: 2349-4689
repetitions corrective isometric training (8-weeks)
differences to investigate the overall phase repeated
measures as the standard deviations between measures
were tested using Paired T-test. The effect size by Cohen’
d was evaluation between pre-post effect high size; small
0.20, medium 0.50, and >0.80 high effect size. Muscle
force activity for postural index we used a 3 (time) x 3
(load) repeated measures analysis of variance partial eta
squared this study is tested normality effect size (p<0.05).
VI. CONCLUSION
60RM
70%
80%
1RM kg
35%
60RM
70%
80%
1RM kg
40%
90-s
50RM
60%
70%
1RM kg
50%
30-s
60RM
70%
80%
1RM kg
50%
30-s
60RM
70%
80%
1RM kg
50%
30-s
The results repeated measurement used to different effect
size between 3 x 3 load for muscle activity analysis.
Therefore, postural index variances have shown partial eta
squared. Here author will explain the future of his/her
research.
Note: Muscle activation and energy formation of the
complex movements in isometric strength.
Shoulder 90° alignment improved torso stability
unclockwise and clockwise to evaluation. CLL test shown
S: Static 90° initial angular, L: Lateral 30-s test the end
that is angular degree. CLL S/L shows the angular degree
initial up to from the end. Instability degrees generally
show the high from the 4° degree (Matthias) that this is
known from in the first degree. Flexion movement of the
lumbar region isometric exercise changes examined on 4
regions. Movement load in corrective exercise within
initial 4-weeks, improvement 6-weeks and maintain 8weeks were evaluated the one repeated measurement
design. Therefore, results showed corrective isometric
strength 3 phase development.
Statistic This study for descriptive data were tested as
mean CI%95 [upper-and-lower] values, standard error
alpha level p<0.05 on the distribution of each variable
standardized. Mean posture index scores for the
TABLE 2. LUMBAR ANGLE MUSCLE ACTIVITY OF THE PARTICIPANTS
Characteristics
Mean±SD
Pre
Mean±SD
Post
ES
(sd)
CI95%
Flexion (LF)
31.9±6.58
38.7±7.40
0,09
1.372
Extension (LE)
39.7±7.14
36.9±7.62
0,03
1.490
Rightlateral flexion (RLF)
26.7±5.79
35.5±4.15
0,17
1.206
Leftlateral flexion (LLF)
27.8±5.04
29.8±5.58
0,03
1.051
p<0.05
Paired samples T-test result in the mean differences, respectively, 95% Confidence Interval; [-1.157 to -0.241; d = -0.705],
and [0.156 to 1. 047; d = 0,60], and [-1.799 to -0,698; d = -1.256] and [-0,737 to 0.101; d = -0,321].
TABLE 3. POSTURAL LUMBAR AND GLUTEUS MUSCULAR INDEX REFERENCES
CL line static initial 90° S/E angular degree and 30 sn lateral evaluation
Static 90°
1
2
3
41
5
1
2
3
41
5
Clock.
0-2
2-3
3-4
4-6
>6
<8
8-9
1011
12-13
>13
Unclock.
0-1
1-2
Pmuscle
function
Stabile
www.ijspr.com
Instabile
>2
Instability
Lateral
30 s
Clock.
Unclock.
Stabile
Instabile
Instability
IJSPR | 4
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
TABLE 4. CORRECTIVE ISOMETRIC STRENGTH
RESULTS OF THE LUMBAR POSTURE
Complex Movement
Initial phase (4 w)
Improve phase (6 w)
Maintain phase (8
w)
Time
x
Group
Interaction
Mean
Pre-Post
5.05
4.43
3.82
F(438, 19.9)
Postural
values
Instability
Instability
Stabile
F; P
η²G: 0.022
η²: 0.022
η²p: 0.047
p= 0.001;
η²p: 0.047
Repetead measure analysis revealed a significant load by
muscle interaction moderate effect of interaction RM
Factor 1; 8.642 p < 0.001.
Because of the results, it is reported that clear movement
intructions and training of correct exercises technique
should precede the commencement of any testing or
training of lumbar to ensure that any notable changes in
upper-lower compartment are more likely because of
muscle/tendon adaptations and not the result of
inconsistent task intructions or inadequately trained
participants. Specifically, unilateral tranducer above 90°
risk developed within thoracolumbar fascia musculare
distance. Therefore, many of the postural muscle
deformity associated with the low-back musculature may
be included gluteus, hamstring, and rectus abdominis
strengthening are complex. Postural energy formation of
muscle function connected to pelvic asymmetry into
kinetic complex chain. It is the aim; specific developments
occur power energy for (e.g. front squat or swing and
medicine overhead with arm of the shoulder >90 degrees).
Our goal was to observe a change in flexion force in the
lumbo region, indicating muscle strength, in short term
periods. Lumbar angular changes would indicate different
muscle formations and tendon structures equivalent to
strength training. This repetitive variation stressed the
importance of strength training from micro-cycle to
macro-transitions. The LPHC initial has stated a great
owing to an overactive gastrocnemious and soleus in
different sport specific trainings. Currently, altering of the
body rotation to maintain in balance looked to compare
isolated lumbar extension (ILEX) strength stability
produces the postural force (45). However, understanding
that complex movement muscle groups in posterior
fixation multiple angles should have been gluteus
maximus overattractive and latissimus dorsi weakness
along with the thoracolumbar fascia (45). Therefore, it is
critical that, ultimately improved spine stability loads is
moderate optimal (50-70% of 1RM) but all considerations
want isometric loads should have been high load (70%
intensity) for force as well as muscular stability.
Although, high load (≥70% 1RM) is muscle strength (34).
This is also decreated in physical muscle energy formation
with isometric movement still. Morever, isometric
www.ijspr.com
ISSN: 2349-4689
strength training is characterised by the exertions of force
without external movement. Low back spinal deviation
has shown (A) initial 8.05 highly the sway back posture.
Lumbar region when is increased, this is lumbar lordos
both is energy deficiency. Plumb line sagittal
configuration different clockwise deviation has shown that
is most of the spinal flexitation is linear and optimal value.
Muscle efficiency thus, in force generated in lumbar
flexitation.
Muscle relaxation in neuromuscular control is no
overactivity (S2-T2) and muscle tension is lateral-side. To
analyzed torso limb degeneration with shown pennation
angle in lumbar muscules is hyperextension. This external
load isometric intensity for corrective exercise posture has
not the muscle tone. Lumbo pelvic pain, there are flexion
angle 18 degree, no pain 24, 26, 27, other studies 30 to 20
between normal, but <20 to >32 abnormal muscle posture
in lumbopelvic complex. Abnormal spinal alignement.
Normally, spine position was for lumbar lordosis 20-70
degrees should be references [3]. But reposition error
comparison of the lumbar flexion angle with flexionextension lumbar during using a lumbosacral lordosis.
References are show 45-55 degrees. Low and high border
of this values are accepted [8]. About over repositioning
groups are heterogeneous. Several studies have suggested
that subdivided types that flexion angle in isometric
strength and myofascicular degeneration between showing
lumbar flexion-extension degree. During task with lumbar
flexion strength angle 55°, extension angle 47° showed
lumbar pelvic pain [40]. Generally, occurs in individuals
and powerlifters, recreationally are characterized by a
reduction and isolated spine strength as well as muscle
action and imbalance during trunk flexion. Therefore, the
maintenance for muscle activation throughout the full
trunk flexion musculature strengthening (e.g., corrective
isometric strength training programs) [45].
The thoracolumbar junction, which ligament maximal
force in thoracic spine and lumbar spine T11-L1 changes
from facet joints to sagittal (42). Lumbar facet ligaments
are fibrous. It has inserted to degrees of flexion/extension
and maximum extension force so-called shear forces at
mean values of 1.68 N and 3.01 N two direction in
posterior compartment [43]. Therefore, all spinal to
posterior compartment without high load and stresses
causes increased shear force with proper propulsive
isometric movement [44].
Generalized latissimus dorsi is muscular power generation
between short-term 8-12 weeks. Long term such as 4- to
8-weeks highlighting are lumbar extension strengthing for
active lumbopelvic control are lumbar extension of
posterior chain in physical men [27]. Lumbar extension
can cause high spinal compressive load lifting, which
could generate between 40 and 70% contraction modes of
IJSPR | 5
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
RM in standing [27]. But, for us in physical men,
movement mechanics in vertical position showed more
isometric effects on the energy generation of muscular
activity. Short hypertrophy periodization was on the side
for myotendinous lumbar multifidus diameter. However,
qualitative between-group stability and instability
comparison reported that greater multifidus to
myofasicicular athrophy or fat infiltration with among
based on facet joint hypertrophy. Therefore, spinal angle
is possible occurrence that it is reason sacroiliac joint and
facet joint deformity. Periods of muscle isometric
contraction can result in progloned flexitation [28]. It has
been suggested that flexion stress is a loss of isometric
strength program. Ogata et al [44] reported that initial
phase lumbar extension movement causes higher shear
force but maximum angle between trunk extension and
lifting tasks observed 36.4° without lifting low load,
ranges 37.1-31.6° loaded high moderate stress during a
flexed posture [44].
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The postural musculature study is the main mechanical
load or for stresses. Mechanic formations must be
isometric force and compression shear force causes no
increased lumbar region flexibility. Therefore, high load
shows in lumbar thorocic vertebral stress, but corrective
complex are neutrolisis lumbar angle and this must be
muscle force generation without muscle thickness.
REFERENCES
[1] Tsang SMH, Szeto GPY, Li LMK, Wong. et al. The effects
of bending speed on the lumbo-pelvic kinematics and
movement pattern during forward bending in people with
and without low back pain. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18:
157-166, 2017.
[2] Bailey RW, Richards J, Selfe J. A Biomechanical
Investigation of Selected Lumbopelvic Hip Tests:
Implications for the Examination of Walking. J Manipul
Physiol Therap. 39: 2-8, 2016.
[3] Celestre PC, Dimar JR, Glassman SD. Spinopelvic
Parameters: Lumbar Lordosis, Pelvic Incidence, Pelvic Tilt,
and Sacral Slope: What Does a Spine Surgeon Need
to Know to Plan a Lumbar Deformity Correction?
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 29: 323-329, 2018.
[4] Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in
athletic function. Sports Med. 36: 189-98, 2006.
[5] DeJong AF, Mangum LC, Resch JE. et al. Detection of
gluteal changes using ultrasound imaging during phases of
Gait in individuals with medial Knee Displacement. J Sport
Rehabil. 28: 494-504, 2019.
[6] Flores-Leon A, Redenz G, Valencia OD. et al. Coordination
of the rotational movement of the pelvis and the hip in men
without low back pain, with control impairgement of the
lumbopelvic region in the sagittal plane. Physiother Theory
Pract. 36: 810-817, 2020.
www.ijspr.com
ISSN: 2349-4689
[7] Gallagher KM, Sehl M, Callaghan JP. A radiographic
assessment of lumbar spine posture in four different upright
standing positions. Clin Biomech. 37: 131-136, 2016.
[8] Kim MH, Yoo WG. Relationship between the thoracolumbar
flexion angle and pelvic posterior movement during trunk
flexion. J Phys Ther Sci. 30: 534-535, 2018.
[9] Lee D. The one-leg standing test and the active strainght leg
raise test: a clinical interpretation of two tests of load
transfer through the pelvic girdle. Luettu. 14: 2010-2016,
2005.
[10] Caffaro RR., Franca FJ., Burke. et al. Postural control in
individuals with and without non-specific chronic low back
pain: a preliminary case-control study. Eur Spine J. 23: 807813, 2014.
[11] Perrott MA, Pizzari T, Opar MS. et al. Athletes with a
clinical rating of good and poor lumbopelvic stability have
different kinematic variables during single leg squat and dip
test. Physiother Theory Pract. 22: 1-10, 2019.
[12] Ludwig O, Hammes A, Kelm J. et al. Assessment of the
posture of adolescents in everyday clinical practice: intrarater and interrater reliability and validity of a posture
index. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 20: 761-766, 2016.
[13] Kendall FP. Muscles testing and function with posture and
pain. 5th Philadelphia, America., Lippincont Williams &
Wilkins, 2005.
[14] Mahlknecht J. Das KIL-Schema zur qualitativen und
quantitativen Beurteilung der Körperhaltung im seitlichen
Profil. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb, 140: 615-620, 2002.
[15] Aranda-Valera IC, Garrido-Castro JL, Sanchez IM. et al.
Inertial motion sensors using the vimoeve© system is valid
method to assess spinal mobility in patients with axial
spondyoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 77: 642-643, 2018.
[16] Laird RA, Keating JL, Ussing K. et al. Does movement
matter in people with back pain? Investigating 'atypical'
lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back
pain using wireless movement sensors. BMC Musculoskelet
Disord. 20: 28, 2019.
[17] Altamirano KM, Coburn JW, Brown LE. et al. Effects of
warm-up on peak torque, rate of torque development, and
electromyographic and mechanomyographic signals. J
Strength Cond Res. 26: 1296-1301, 2012.
[18] Wartski M, Williams CM, Broughton NS. et al. Quantifying
the lumbar spine movements of surgeons during surgical
lists in a teaching hospital. ANZ J Surg. 89:153-158, 2019.
[19] Gilmer GG, Washington JK, Dugas JR. et al. The Role of
Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex Stability in Softball Throwing
Mechanics. J Sport Rehabil. 28: 196-204, 2019.
[20] Wasserberger KW, Downs JL, Barfield JW. et al.
Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex and Scapular Stabilizing
Muscle Activations During Full-Body Exercises With and
Without Resistance Bands. J Strength Cond Res. 34: 28402848, 2020.
[21] Oliver GD, Washington JK, Barfield GD. et al. Quantitative
Analysis of Proximal and Distal Kinetic Chain Musculature
IJSPR | 6
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR)
Issue 183, Volume 79, Number 5, May 2021
During Dynamic Exercises. J Strength Cond Res. 32:15451553, 2018.
[22] Oleksy L, Bylina D, Mika A. et al. The Relationship
Between Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip Complex and Knee Joint. J
Nov Physiother. 8: 1, 2018.
[23] Shelburne KB, Torry MR, Pandy MG. Muscle, ligament,
and joint-contact forces at the knee during walking. Med Sci
Sports Exerc. 37:1948-1956, 2005.
[24] Bordelon NM, Wasserberger KW, Cassidy MM. Et al. The
Effects of Load Magnitude and Carry Position on
Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex and Scapular Stabilizer Muscle
Activation During Unilateral Dumbbell Carries. J Strength
Cond Res. 35: S114-S119, 2021.
[25] Lee BC, McGill SM. Effect of long-term isometric training
on core/torso stiffness. J Strength Cond Res. 29: 1515–
1526, 2015.
[26] Schoenfeld B, Contreras B, Willardson JM, et al. Muscle
activation during low- versus high-load resistance training
in well-trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 114: 2491–2497,
2014.
[27] Van Oosterwijck J, De Ridder E, Vleeming A,
Vanderstraeten G, Schouppe S, Danneels L. Applying an
active lumbopelvic control strategy during lumbar extension
exercises: Effect on muscle recruitment patterns of the
lumbopelvic region. Hum Mov Sci. 54: 24-33, 2017.
[28] Zawadka M, Skublewska-Paszkowska M, Gawda P. Et al.
What factors can affect lumbopelvic flexion-extension
motion in the sagittal plane?: A literature review. Hum Mov
Sci. 58: 205-218, 2018.
[29] Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral
Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates; 1988.
[30] Wilson, GJ, Murphy, AJ, Walshe, A. The specificity of
strength training: the effect of posture. Eur J Appl Physiol
Occup Physiol. 73: 346-52, 1996.
[31] Czaprowski D, Stoliński Ł, Tyrakowski M, Kozinoga M,
Kotwicki T. Non-structural misalignments of body posture
in the sagittal plane. Scoliosis Spinal Disord.13: 6, 2018.
[32] Kelly M, Jacobs D, Wooten ME. Et al. Comparison of
electromyographic activities of lumbar iliocostalis and
lumbar multifidus muscles during stabilization exercises in
prone, quadruped, and sitting positions. J Phys Ther Sci. 28:
2950-2954, 2016.
ISSN: 2349-4689
[36] Arshadi R, Ghasemi GA, Samadi H. Effects of an 8-week
selective corrective exercises program on electromyography
activity of scapular and neck muscles in persons with upper
crossed syndrome: Randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther
Sport. 37: 113-119, 2019.
[37] Bayattork M, Seidi F, Minoonejad H. et al. The
effectiveness of a comprehensive corrective exercises
program and subsequent detraining on alignment, muscle
activation, and movement pattern in men with upper crossed
syndrome: protocol for a parallel-group randomized
controlled trial. Trials. 21: 255, 2020.
[38] Lamplot JD, Wang D, Weiss LJ. et al. Lower Extremity
Compartment Syndrome in National Football League
Athletes. Sports Health. 13: 198-202, 2021.
[39] Hrysomallis C. Effectiveness of strengthening and
stretching exercises for the postural correction of abducted
scapulae: a review. J Strength Cond Res. 24: 567-74, 2010.
[40] Kim MH, Yoo WG. Comparison of the lumbar flexion
angle and repositioning error during lumbar flexionextension in young computer workers in Korea with
differing back pain. Work. 51: 223-228, 2015.
[41] Zwambag DP, De Carvalho DE, Brown SH. Decreasing the
required lumbar extensor moment induces earlier onset of
flexion relaxation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 30: 38-45,
2016.
[42] Kim MH, Yoo WG. Relationship between the
thoracolumbar flexion angle and pelvic posterior movement
during trunk flexion. J Phys Ther Sci. 30: 534-535, 2018.
[43] Claeson AA, Barocas VH. Planar biaxial extension of the
lumbar facet capsular ligament reveals significant in-plane
shear forces. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 65: 127-136,
2017.
[44] Ogata Y, Anan M, Takahashi M et al. Relationships
Between Trunk Movement Patterns During Lifting Tasks
Compared With Unloaded Extension From a Flexed
Posture. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 41: 189-198, 2018.
[45] Androulakis Korakakis P, Gentil P, Fisher JP and Steele J.
Comparison of isolated lumbar extension strength in
competitive and noncompetitive powerlifters, and
recreationally trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 35: 652658, 2021.
[46] The jamovi project (2020). jamovi. (Version 1.2) [Computer
Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org.
[33] Dafkou K, Kellis E, Ellinoudis A et al. Lumbar multifidus
muscle thickness during graded quadruped and prone
exercises. Int J Exer Sci. 14: 101-112, 2021.
[34] Maden-Wilkinson TM, Balshaw TG, Massey GJ, Folland
JP. What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so
strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology,
architecture, and joint mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985).
128:1000-1011, 2020.
[35] Mann SJ, Lam JC, Singh P. McKenzie Back Exercises.
2020; In: StatPearls Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
Publishing; 2021.
www.ijspr.com
IJSPR | 7