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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (30 MARKS)
Read the following article.
I
Human trafficking involves the illegal transportation of people from one country to
another, typically for the purposes of forced labour or commercial sexual exploitation.
According to the Polaris Project (2016), one of many international organisations
working to end this form of modern slavery, human trafficking is the third largest
criminal industry in the world after arms and drug dealing. It is, however. the fastest
growing criminal activity as some 27 million people around the world are estimated to
be victims of slavery with approximately 50 per cent of these victims being under the
age of 18. There are a number of inter-related factors that contribute to human
trafficking. However, taking the right steps can greatly help in overcoming the
problem.
II
Many studies indicate that poverty is a major factor that contributes to human
trafficking (Morris and Blair 2016; Thompson, 2015; Combs, Byrne & Jones 2014).
Traffickers often look for poor people who are susceptible to coercion into the human
trafficking industry. These people usually tend to be migrants, fleeing their homes
either because of economic hardship or natural disasters.
III
According to a report by Equality Now (2015), the devaluation of women and children
in some societies makes them far more vulnerable to trafficking than men. The report
reveals that traditional attitudes and practices, early marriage and lack of birth
registration increase the susceptibility of women and children to human trafficking.
Annually, 20.9 million women and children worldwide are bought and sold into
commercial sexual servitude, forced labour and bonded labour (Grant & Riggs,
2015).
IV
The demand for cheap labour abroad, particularly in the service industry such as
restaurants and kitchens, is yet another reason for human trafficking (Wright, 2016).
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Often, migrant workers are initially promised a safe work space and a steady salary,
only to later find that they are paid less than the minimum wage and have to work
long hours. Business owners guilty of this behaviour continue to practise these illegal
acts because victims of trafficking can rarely protect themselves.
V
According to Johns and Merlin (2015), political instability or civil unrest results in an
increase in human trafficking as well. They explain that these situations often lead to
massive displacement of people, thus increasing their vulnerability to unfair
treatment and abuse via trafficking and forced labour. For example, there are a large
numbers of starving orphans and street children who are especially vulnerable to
trafficking as their families have either passed away or are fighting a war.
VI
In order to prevent human trafficking, anti-trafficking strategies have to be embedded
in every policy area (Carlton, 2016). Among others, improving female education
helps girls to be less vulnerable to trafficking (Brent, 2014). Increasing the salary of
police personnel reduces susceptibility to bribery (Nila & Melari, 2015). It is only
through the concerted efforts of governments, non-governmental organisations, and
above all, communities, can we hope to end the horror of human trafficking.
Retrieved from http://www.globetodaymagazine.net.Rodman, K. (2017).
Globe Today, 7 (11), pgs106-109.
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QUESTION 1
Based on the given article, write an annotated bibliography of about 300 words on the
reasons that contribute to human trafficking and how to overcome the problem. You
are advised to paraphrase and summarise the information critically.
Your annotation should include the following:
•
a reference
•
a minimum of four (4) in-text citations
•
an introduction
•
five (5) major points with relevant supporting details
•
a critical response to the author’s argument
•
appropriate use of language
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(30 marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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