VARISHA KHAN
MSC IST YEAR
JABALPUR INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
AMNIOTIC FLUID

Amniotic fluid is the liquid that
surrounds the fetus during
pregnancy. Located in the amniotic
sac, amniotic fluid protects the
growing baby and provides
nutrients to the developing fetus
that help it mature, grow, and
maintain a consistent body
temperature . At the earliest stage
of development, amniotic fluid
consists mainly of water. At
approximately 20 weeks, the baby’s
urine becomes the primary
substance. The volume of amniotic
fluid increases as the pregnancy
progresses and reaches its peak at
about 34 weeks
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS


Oligohydromnios is
extremely rare condition
where the liquor amnii is
deficient in amount to
the extent of less than
200ml at term.
Oligohydramnios occurs
when the volume of
fluid in the amniotic
sac is too low.
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Oligohydramnios is typically caused by the
following:
 Placental issues
 Fetal chromosomal anomalies
 Intrauterine infections
 Drugs- PG inhibitors, ACE inhibitors
 Obstruction of urinary tract of fetus
 IUGR
 Maternal problems
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Measurements of uterine size smaller
than what is normal for gestational age
 Low maternal weight gain
 Sudden drop in fetal heart rate
 Little to no fetal movement, or decreasing
fetal movement
 Low amniotic fluid on an ultrasound

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

History
◦ Inquire about symptoms of leaking fluid and feeling damp all the time (often
described as new urinary incontinence).

Examination
◦ Measure the symphysis fundal height.
◦ Perform a speculum examination (can a ‘pool’ of liquor be seen in the vagina?).

Ultrasound
◦ Assess for liquor volume, structural abnormalities, renal agenesis and
obstructive uropathy.
COMPLICATIONS
FETAL
1. ABORTION
2. DEFORMITY
3. FETAL PULMONARY
HYPOPLASIA
4. CORD COMPRESSION
5. HIGH FETAL MORTALITY
MATERNAL
1. PROLONG LABOUR
2. INCREASED OPERATIVE
INFERENCES
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Oral intake of
fluids
 Installation of a
saline solution
into the amniotic
sac
(amnioinfusion)
during labor.
 Investigational
therapies

MANAGING
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS DURING
THE FIRST TRIMESTER
Reduced amniotic fluid during the first
trimester is a rare finding, and information
regarding the causes of this diagnosis are
equally rare.
Serial ultrasounds are helpful for following
the natural history of the pregnancy
MANAGING
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS DURING
THE SECOND TRIMESTER
Management and prognosis of
oligohydramnios during the second
trimester depend on the cause and
severity of lowered amniotic fluid volume
 Medical professionals usually recommend
serial ultrasounds to determine if the
condition is stable

MANAGING
OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS DURING
THE THIRD TRIMESTER

Cases of oligohydramnios during the third
trimester are often caused by maternal
conditions, such as preeclampsia or
maternal vascular diseases. These
conditions are often related to preterm
premature rupture of membranes.
SUMMARIZATION
Definition of oligohydramnioas.
 Etiology of oligohydramnioas.
 Risk factors of oligohydramnioas.
 Signs & symptoms of oligohydramnioas.
 Investigation for oligohydramnioas.
 Complications
 Management of oligohydramnioas.
