SBI3U Genetics Review Test: Total = 65 marks 15 MC 5 def'n 35 SA (20 are crosses/ pedigrees) 10 transcription/translation Ch4, p112-135 Ch5, p140-163 Ch24, p608-624 Ch25, p628-638 Cell Division -be able to compare and contrast mitosis (p116) and meiosis (p124) -know the stages of each (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) -be able to trace chromosomes or genes through the processes -know roles of interphase, cytokinesis -know role of meiosis (spermatogenesis, oogenesis) in creating diversity -be able to relate to humans (46 csomes, X and Y csomes) -be familiar with the related terms in ch4 (eg. spermatogenesis, homologous chromosomes, centriole, spindle fibres, haploid, crossing over, etc) -be able to relate cell division to cloning, identical twins, cell aging, transplants, genetic disorders (p119-124) -know the meaning of non-disjunction, when and where it can occur, and its effects, such as monosomy, trisomy, disorders when it occurs in meiosis -know some genetic disorders such as Klinefelter's, Down's, Turner's (p128) -be able to use and read karyotypes, and explain their purpose (p128) Mendel's Genetics -be able to relate genetic diversity to the process of meiosis, crossing over -know Mendel's three laws and be able to apply them to genetic crosses -know the related terms (eg. dominant, gene, trait, phenotype, homozygous, allele, codominant, hybrids, etc) (ch5- bold terms) -be able to solve genetic problems using Punnet squares -monohybrid crosses -one gene (p145) -test crosses - double recessive parent (p147) -multiple alleles- eg ABO blood types (p147) -incomplete or co-dominance (p148) -dihybrid crosses (two genes at a time- p153) -gene interactions -one gene influences expression of other (p157) -sex-linked traits -genes on X csome eg colour blindness (p163) -be able to make or read pedigrees, and use them to solve genetic problems(p176) DNA: Structure and Function -be able to describe the structure of DNA (double helix, nitrogen bases: A,C,T,G, sugar-phosphate backbone) (p614) -know that DNA is the genetic code or sequence that provides instructions on how to build proteins. -proteins are long chains of amino acids that perform specific tasks for the cell or organism; they are often enzymes or structural proteins -explain the process of DNA replication, and its purpose and necessity (p617) -makes 2 copies of DNA from one double stranded molecule, for division -nitrogen bases match up in pairs, DNA polymerase makes the backbone -understand that DNA can be tightly packaged for protection during cell division, or loosely arranged for protein synthesis -describe the process of protein synthesis (two parts) (p632-634) -transcription - makes mRNA (to ribosomes) from DNA (in nucleus) -translation- makes the protein from the mRNA code -know roles of codons, anti-codons, tRNA, ribosomes, uracil, mRNA, amino acids, start and stop codons -be able to give the sequence of amino acids in a protein, given the DNA Genetic Technologies -be able to briefly describe the technology and its use / purpose -cloning (p 119) -in-vitro fertilization, surrogate mothers (p134-5) -amniocentesis, ultrasound, chorionic villi sampling, X-rays (p131) Practice Questions: P172#2-4,6,8-10; #1,2
