Lesson 4 and 5
Aymen Anajjar GR 13 A 04/03/21
 1 Delirium: A sudden state of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function, sometimes associated
with hallucinations and hyperactivity, during which the patient is inaccessible to normal contact.
Oneiroid syndrome (OS), or dream-like fantastic delusional derangement of consciousness, is characterized by a
kaleidoscopic quality of psychopathological experiences, wherein reality, illusions and hallucinations are merged
into one. It is typically accompanied by motor and, in particular, catatonic disturbance Twiling disorder
Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviours, or BFRBs, are a cluster of habitual behaviours that include hair pulling, skin
picking, nail biting, nose picking, and lip or cheek biting.
 2 Patients with psychoorganic syndrome often complain about headaches, dizziness, unsteadiness when
walking, poor tolerance to the heat, stuffiness, atmospheric pressure changes, loud sounds,
neurological symptoms. The common reported psychological symptoms include: loss of memory and
concentration.
The more common symptoms of OBS are confusion; impairment of memory, judgment, and intellectual function;
and agitation. Often these symptoms are attributed to psychiatric illness, which causes a difficulty in diagnosis.
3 Types of Dementia
Alzheimer's.
Vascular dementia.
Lewy body dementia.
Parkinson's.
Frontotemporal.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
Wernicke-Korsakoff.
Mixed dementia.
Huntington’s disease
HIV associated dementia.
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4 Signs of Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
In mild Alzheimer’s disease, a person may seem to be healthy but has more and more trouble making sense of
the world around him or her. The realization that something is wrong often comes gradually to the person and
his or her family. Problems can include:
Memory loss
Poor judgment leading to bad decisions
Loss of spontaneity and sense of initiative
Taking longer to complete normal daily tasks
Repeating questions
Trouble handling money and paying bills
Wandering and getting lost
Losing things or misplacing them in odd places
Mood and personality changes
Increased anxiety and/or aggression
Signs of Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
In this stage, more intensive supervision and care become necessary, which can be difficult for many spouses
and families. Symptoms may include:
Increased memory loss and confusion
Inability to learn new things
Difficulty with language and problems with reading, writing, and working with numbers
Difficulty organizing thoughts and thinking logically
Shortened attention span
Problems coping with new situations
Difficulty carrying out multistep tasks, such as getting dressed
Problems recognizing family and friends
Hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia
Impulsive behavior such as undressing at inappropriate times or places or using vulgar language
Inappropriate outbursts of anger
Restlessness, agitation, anxiety, tearfulness, wandering—especially in the late afternoon or evening
Repetitive statements or movement, occasional muscle twitches
Signs of Severe Alzheimer’s Disease
People with severe Alzheimer’s cannot communicate and are completely dependent on others for their
care. Near the end, the person may be in bed most or all of the time as the body shuts down. Their symptoms
often include:
Inability to communicate
Weight loss
Seizures
Skin infections
Difficulty swallowing
Groaning, moaning, or grunting
Increased sleeping
Loss of bowel and bladder control