A Case Analysis of The Impact of
Covid 19 on the Economy
of Indigenous People
By:
ACHA, ERROL
ADAY, THALIA ANGELINE
ALCANICES, JOHN PAUL
ALCANTARA, MYLENE ALEXANDRA
BAUTISTA, VENZIE JOHN
CARINGAL, HAZEL JOY
Submitted to:
Ma’am Grace D. Luzon, MSEco
AUGUST
2020
1
Table of Contents
I.
Title Page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
II. Table of Contents ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
III. Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
IV. Statement of The Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
V. Scope and Delimitation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
VI. Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
VII.
Method of Data Collection --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
VIII.
Data Gathering Procedure -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
IX. Results ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
X. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7-8
XI. Recommendation ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
XII.
References ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2
I.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to World Health Organization (WHO), Corona virus disease (Covid-19) is an
infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. It is said that this disease spread rapidly and
it is easy to transfer to other people through droplets of saliva or discharged from the nose when an
infected person coughs or sneezes so it is important especially in these days of pandemic to practice a
proper and good respiratory etiquette. Most people who are infected by coronavirus will suffer from
fever, dry coughed, tiredness, aches, pain, conjunctivitis, loss of taste and smell and also shortness of
breathing. This pandemic has a negative impact in works and way of living in most of the families
especially
those
who
have
unstable
sources
of
income.
On the other hand, indigenous people are disproportionately affected, exacerbating
underlying structural inequalities and pervasive discrimination. These serious impacts need to be
specifically addressed in the response to and aftermath of this crisis. In the Philippine, the population of
the indigenous remains unknown but specifically it is estimated to be 15% of the 108 million national
population in 2019. The National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) state that there are about
33% of indigenous people are found in Luzon, 6% in the Visayan group of islands and 61% lives in
Mindanao. Indigenous people are widely recognized as vulnerable, and are often socially and
economically disadvantaged. Most of them live in the remote area wherein they have lack of services
from the government.
Indigenous People Right Act of 1997 (IPRA) described the diversity of Philippine indigenous
group that each group has its own distinct economic, political, and social organization and degree of
integration with the mainstream society. One of the indigenous groups are the Mangyans that can be
found in Mindoro but some can be found in the Island of Tablas and Sibuyan in the province of Romblon
3
as well as Albay, Negros and Palawan. Mindoro is the seventh largest island in the Philippines, with an
area of 10,224 square kilometers and two provinces – Oriental and Occidental. Of the total population of
one million, the indigenous population is estimated at 100,000. Mangyan is the eight indigenous groups’
collective name living in Mindoro, each with its own name, language, and set of customs.
These are Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tau-buid, Bangon, Buhid, Hanunuo, and Ratagnon.
Mangyan are rich in artifacts that give view about their culture and trade wherein they offer myriad. They
are also exceptional in terms of weaving, writing system and also in pottery.
II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research sought to determine the impacts of corona virus to the economy of the Indigenous people.
Particularly, it was entreated to answer the following questions:
1. What are the impacts of Covid 19 to all people especially to Indigenous People?
2. How does those impact affect the economy of Indigenous People?
3. How are the indigenous people able to manage the situation during the Covid 19?
III. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study focuses on “The Impact of Covid 19 on the Economy of Indigenous People.” The
researcher will also find how they manage the result and reliability and conducted on August 2020.
IV. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
4
This
study
explains
how
this
research
study
will
be
beneficial
to
the
following:
To the government – this enables the government to provide aid and find solution for the impacts of
corona
virus
to
them
as
well
as
the
discrimination
they
experience.
To the general public- it enables the general public to provide the necessary needs of the indigenous
people and organize a fundraising and relief operation.
To the indigenous people- it will provide an effective guidelines and information to indigenous
communities that have imposed lockdowns to stop the spread of Covid 19 and to
keep them safe.
V. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
This research study will use Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative research is a scientific
method of observation to gather non-numerical data. This type of research answers why and how a certain
social phenomenon may occur (Wikipedia). Qualitative research is the most appropriate research method
to be utilized in this study. Qualitative research allows comprehensive and deeper investigation of issues
that seeks meaningful answers to questions, valid reasons and perspectives of individuals who are
affected by the subject (Creswell, 2013). Its purpose is to generate or test theory and contribute to
knowledge
for
the
sake
of
knowledge
(Patton,
2002)
Specifically, it will utilize Case Study. “Case study is an in-depth study of a particular situation
rather than a sweeping statistical survey. It is a method used to narrow down a very broad field of
research into one easily researchable topic.”
5
To fully understand the experiences of the participants, case study will be employed by the
researchers to examine the problems through the descriptions provided by the references and
documentation posted on internet. Case study is used in real situations, rather than in contrived,
experimental studies, since its primary focus is on solving real problems. The goal of this case study is to
help improve what indigenous people are facing and to produce practical solutions to real problems, and
expand scientific knowledge.
VI. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researchers will utilize the case study in order to determine and assess the impacts in the field
of indigenous economy in the midst of Covid 19. For a thorough interpretation of Ferrance’s (2000) case
study inquiry, the researchers ascertain the method in its step by step process as illustrated by the
flowchart below:
Determining Problem’s Area of Focus
Gathering and Organization of Data
Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Conclusion Based on Data
6
Determining problem’s area of focus will allow the researchers to have a vivid
understanding with regard to the intervention which they will be evaluating. Hence, they have
identified the effect of Covid 19 in the economy of the indigenous people, as their area of focus.
Following this step is the gathering and organization of data which will be done through the use
of internet documentation about the focus, all of which are aimed to generate responses which
will answer the objectives presented. Moreover, the data will be organized accordingly.
Moreover, the data collected will then be analyzed through the use of the method by Connor and
Gibson (2003). Interpretation will then follow and this will reflect the real-life implications of the
results shown by the analysis. Lastly, the researchers will then make a conclusion on data
implying that they will be developing a solution or intervention that will improve the current
situation.
VII.
RESULTS
In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19; previously known as 2019nCoV) was reported to spread from Wuhan, China that eventually affected 26 countries worldwide (Xu et
al.). It is a person-to-person transmission however, it is still not proven to come from an asymptomatic
carrier with normal chest computed tomography findings (Bai et al.,2020). As of writing, there are
already around 300,000 confirmed cases, around 10,000 deaths and almost 100,000 recovered. (World
Health Organization, 2020). COVID-19 has governments around the world operating in a context
of radical uncertainty, and faced with difficult trade-offs given the health, economic and social challenges
raised by the crisis. In less than three months at the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 crisis developed
into a global pandemic.
7
Indigenous peoples are vulnerable to the COVID-19 spread due to their limited access to
adequate medicine, lack of access to health and other social services. Their lack of access to adequate
health services has put indigenous families and their children at risk to coronavirus. Other factors such as
food insecurity and malnutrition have compromised their resistance to viral diseases and predispose them
further to more serious health conditions. Based on past experiences, they tend to be excluded in
humanitarian and other government services when natural disasters and other calamities occur. With this
pandemic, there’s no difference. Due to their marginal position in society, indigenous peoples are not
often represented and part of major decision-making process which may result in serious neglect when the
whole country is in crisis and there is an intense need for health services and essential supplies.
Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government to develop program assistance for indigenous
groups to: (i) access medical assistance without any discrimination; (ii) access emergency aid regardless
of status; and (iii) receive information about COVID-19 on how to prevent their indigenous families
especially their children and the elderly to keep them safe. Information dissemination should be made
available in as many local languages, simple, and easy to understand on how to prevent the spread of the
disease.
Many indigenous peoples are now also working in the informal economy and have come to rely
primarily on income from markets, handicrafts, seasonal work and tourism, which have also been
impacted by COVID-19. The pandemic can also be a turning point and an opportunity to promote,
preserve and strengthen indigenous traditional food production systems, further contributing to building
societies that are more resilient in the face of pandemics.
Indigenous communities have seen their incomes decline due to reduced economic activity and
they have suffered from the closure of local markets. Some basic foods and hygiene supplies, such as
soap and bleach, are unavailable in their communities or are now much more expensive. Government aid
does not always reach them, or requires beneficiaries to perform online procedures, have bank accounts or
8
issue service invoices. These requirements do not take into account the economic and cultural reality of
the communities.
“Like every Filipino, they endure some of the most devastating impacts of the virus including
disruption of food systems, joblessness, and of course, the threat of illness and death,” CHR spokesperson
Jacqueline Ann de Guia said in celebration of the National Indigenous Peoples Day.
De Guia explained, “As if their long-held struggles as a politically and economically
marginalized group are not difficult enough, the current COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) situation has
left indigenous peoples at a particular disadvantage. Many of them have less or no access to relevant
information and healthcare, and have expressed experiencing discrimination in availing health services.
They are too lack access to safe water and sanitation that are crucial in preventing the spread of the
disease.”
VIII.
CONCLUSION
As for analyzing the data gathered, the researchers conclude that the livelihoods of indigenous
people are being affected. However, in this time of pandemic, the government is working hand on hand to
lessen the cases of those affected due to Corona virus. Philippine government take actions by carrying out
lockdowns nd enhanced community quarantine. The Government also run testing with the help of RITM.
They also provide foods, financial assistance and also health care services for the low-income families.
9
However, the Government also ascertain the location of those people who needs isolation, hospitalization
and the like. In terms of lockdowns an enhanced community quarantine, all work and family resources are
being affected most especially our indigenous people.
Indigenous people are facing food insecurity and lack of income resources as well. Many
restrictions in this time of pandemic limits their income source in life. Their livelihoods of indigenous
people are being affected and some of them got closed. Nevertheless, in this time of pandemic, all
countries not only the Philippine should work hand on hand, accompany each other to attain vigor
strength to fight and overcome this pandemic and enough resources for the people.
IX. RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the result obtained and the analysis of the findings, the researcher would like to forward the
following recommendations:
1. Testing indigenous people for Covid-19 should be implemented by a consultation and agreement
with indigenous leaders to ensure that support is provided with the full involvement of the
indigenous peoples themselves, and in a culturally appropriate manner.
2. Future researcher must focus in giving more specific facts about the impact of covid-19 to the
economy of indigenous people
3.
Since the study is an exploratory in nature rather than definitive, future researchers must focus on
giving solution on the negative impact of covid-19 to the economy of indigenous people.
10
REFERENCES
https://mb.com.ph/2020/08/09/respect-protect-indigenous-peoples-rights-during-pandemic-chr/
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/IPeoples/OHCHRGuidance_COVID19_IndigenouspeoplesRig
hts.pdf
https://-www.researchgate.net/-publication/-340081049_An_Analysis-_on_the_Panic_of_Fil-ipinos_Duri
ng_COVID--19_Pandemic_in_the_P-hilippines/link/-5e7606aa299bf1892cfc4-dd3/download
http://www.mangyan.org/content/mangyan-groups
https://-explorable.com/-case-study-research-d-esign
https://www.who.int/-philippines/news/-feature-stories/-detail/-100-days-of-covid-19--in-the-philippinesh-ow-who-supported-the--philippine-response
11
https://-explorable.com/-case-study-research-d-esign
12