LABORATORY REPORT LIPIDS
Make a Lab Report based on the video recording of the experiment.
Follow the format provided:
❏ INTRODUCTION
❏ ANALYSIS
❏ METHODS AND
MATERIALS
❏ CONCLUSION
❏ DATA
❏ REFERENCES
❏ INTRODUCTION
A lipid is any of various organic compounds that are insoluble in water.
They include fats, waxes, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes
and function as energy-storage molecules and chemical messengers. Together
with proteins and carbohydrates, lipids are one of the principal structural
components of living cells.
Lipids are a diverse group of compounds and serve many different
functions. At a cellular level, phospholipids and cholesterol are some of the
primary components of the membranes that separate a cell from its
environment. Lipid-derived hormones, known as steroid hormones, are
important chemical messengers and include testosterone and estrogens. At an
organismal level triglycerides stored in adipose cells serve as energy-storage
depots and also provide thermal insulation.
❏ METHODS AND MATERIALS
The researcher used twenty-three test tubes. Seven of the test tubes were
watered with different 1 ml solvent (Distilled water, Dil. NaOH, Dil. HCI, Cold
Ethanol, Hot Ethanol, Chloroform and Diethyl Ether) and added a one drop of
coconut oil sample. The other seven of the test tubes were watered with different
1 ml solvent (Distilled water, Dil. NaOH, Dil. HCI, Cold Ethanol, Hot Ethanol,
Chloroform and Diethyl Ether) and added a pinch of palmitic acid. Each of the
three test tubes were watered with bromine solution and added a dropwise of
olive oil, methylene fluoride, corn oil and coconut oil. Each of the four test tubes
were watered with two drops of glycerol, coconut oil, paraffin oil and beeswax
and a pinch of potassium bisulfate in each tube. One of the test tubes is watered
with 1 ml sample of vitamin e solution and heated in a water bath. The last one of
the test tubes placed 2 ml of cholesterol that has been dissolved in chloroform and
added an equal amount of concentrated sulfuric acid.
❏ DATA
TEST TUBE #
SOLUTE/SOLUTION
SOLVENT
1
Coconut oil
Distilled water
2
Coconut oil
Dil. NaOH
3
Coconut oil
Dil. HCI
4
Coconut oil
Cold Ethanol
5
Coconut oil
Hot Ethanol
6
Coconut oil
Chloroform
7
Coconut oil
Diethyl Ether
8
Palmitic acid
Distilled water
9
Palmitic acid
Dil. NaOH
10
Palmitic acid
Dil. HCI
11
Palmitic acid
Cold Ethanol
12
Palmitic acid
Hot Ethanol
13
Palmitic acid
Chloroform
14
Palmitic acid
Diethyl Ether
15
Olive oil and methylene
Bromine solution
16
Coconut oil
Bromine solution
17
Corn oil
Bromine solution
18
Potassium bisulfate
Glycerol
19
Potassium bisulfate
Coconut oil
20
Potassium bisulfate
Paraffin oil
21
Potassium bisulfate
Beeswax
22
Vitamin E solution
Heated in water bath
23
Cholesterol dissolved in
chloroform
Sulfuric acid
❏ ANALYSIS
SI.
No.
1
TEST
Solubility Test:
OBSERVATION
INFERENCE
I. Completely soluble in I. Indicates presence
TEST 1:
all three solvents Hot
of fat or oil in the
To one drop of coconut oil
ethanol, Diethyl Ether
given solution.
sample taken in a separate
and chloroform
test tubes add the following
organic solvents separately:
II. Found small floating
II. Indicates presence
1.
droplets on four
of fat or oil in the
a. Distilled water
solvents a-d.
given solution.
b. Dil. NaOH
c. Dil. HCI
d. Cold Ethanol
2. Hot Ethanol, Diethyl
Ether and Chloroform
TEST 2:
To one drop of Palmitic acid
sample taken in a separate
test tubes add the following
organic solvents separately:
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Distilled water
Dil. NaOH
Dil. HCI
Cold Ethanol
I. Completely soluble in
all three solvents Hot
ethanol, Diethyl Ether
and chloroform
II. Found a lot of
floating/splashes of
droplets on four
solvents a-d.
2. Hot Ethanol, Diethyl
Ether and Chloroform
I. Indicates
presence of fat
or oil in the
given solution
II. Indicates
presence of fat
or oil in the
given solution.
2
Tests for Unsaturation:
I. Decolourisation
of I. Indicates presence
bromine
water
is
unsaturated fats
observed
or fatty acids
II. No
decolorization II. Indicates presence
observed
of saturated fats
and fatty acid
3
Acrolein Test:
I.
Take 1 mL of oil and
methylene in a test tube
and dissolve completely.
To this add potassium
bromide solution drop by
drop
Take approximately two
drops of test samples in
each test tube and add a
pinch
of
potassium II.
bisulphate and mix well.
Heat the mixture over a
Bunsen burner for 1-2
minutes.
Glycerol and coconut
oil release of pungent
odor
Paraffin oil and
beeswax does not
release a pungent
odor.
I. Indicates presence
of glycerol and
coconut oil
4
Modified Furter Meyer I. Color changes develop.
Test
A bronze color or red is
A 1 mL sample of vitamin
E solution is heated in a
water bath.
5
Salkowski Test
Place 2 mL of cholesterol
that has been dissolved in
chloroform in a test tube
and add equal amounts of
concentrated
sulfuric
acid.
I. Indicates presence
of vitamin E.
specific for tocopherols.
I. The upper layer turns
red.
I. Indicates of a
positive result.
❏ CONCLUSION
I can conclude that lipid qualitative test is useful in classifying heterogeneous
lipids. Based on the properties like solubility, emulsification, oxidation etc. The
presence of lipids is qualitatively characterized by the characteristic change in colour,
smell and froth formation.
❏ REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J2t5FRnMtM&feature=youtu.be
https://www.britannica.com/science/lipid
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218759/