Name: John Roi C. Moquete Instructor/Professor: Prof. Ramon Eduque Jr. Date: 3/29/2021 Course No: CHM032A Organic chemistry is more than simply the study of carbon or the study of chemicals in living organisms. Organic chemistry is ubiquitous and it is a very vast and complex subject. Organic chemistry is very important, the particular reason for that is it is the study of life and all of the chemical reactions related to life. Multifarious careers apply an understanding of organic chemistry, such as, chemist, veterinarians, doctors, pharmacologists, dentist, chemical engineers, and etc. Organic chemistry is a very interesting, innovative and creative branch of chemistry in which we study, discover and explore various compounds and reagents. As I did some research to further know the applications of organic chemistry, I found out and realized that organic chemistry has a wide range of applications along the lines are: it helps us to upgrade and synthesize new compounds from older ones, it is an important part of biotechnology and life processes, we get to know about so many useful and important compounds such as rubber, plastics, fuel, detergents, cosmetics, dyes, etc. Also, organic chemistry combined with biology forms the basis of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. It helps us to study, understand, and discover new medicines and treatment techniques and many more. During my junior high school days, that time, we chose to what particular exploratory course should we enroll. As I took agriculture during those yesteryears, I still even remembered the importance and significance also, the adverse effects of fertilizers to the soils and plants. As to what I have learned, a fertilizer is divided into two categories: organic and inorganic. Organic fertilizer is usually made from plant or animal waste or powdered minerals. Examples include manure and compost. These can be purchased or made by yourself as they don’t require any special equipment. On the other hand, chemical, or inorganic fertilizers is derived from inorganic matter. Here are some sorts of information about the fertilizer that I know with regards to the associated advantages and disadvantages. Organic farming has been promoted to restore soil health and fertility status through the addition of organic matter. These organic fertilizers will make your soil–and plants–healthy and strong. Withal, there’s little to no risk of toxic buildups of chemicals and salts that can be able to cause the death of plants. In addition, the practice of applying organic fertilizers are sustainable, biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. However, organic fertilizers on the other hand, they may not release nutrients as soon as you need them since, microorganisms are required to break down and release nutrients into the soil. So, it took months to harvest. While inorganic (chemical or synthetic) fertilizers these nutrients are in a form readily available to plants. Probably, improvement occurs in days. Another thing is that you will know the exact ratio of nutrients you are giving as a result of the process used to make the fertilizer. It doesn't necessarily mean that repeated application of inorganic fertilizers is beneficial to us but it's my firm believe that this may also have threats in our environment. Associated the is advantages of inorganic fertilizers are: they grow plants but do nothing to sustain the soil, these chemical fertilizers are primarily made from nonrenewable sources, there is a danger of over fertilization— this not only can kill plants but upset the entire ecosystem. And Repeated applications may result in a toxic buildup of chemicals which can eventually make their way or potentially leak into fruits and vegetables. Soils have been used for growing crops over thousands of years without regulating much for replenishing. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides are widely used in agriculture to improve crop yields to meet the demands of the growing human population. Most of the compounds used are synthetic, and their continuous overuse and non-judicious application causes environmental pollution or worse destroy the environment and biodiversity and cause chronic health problems in humans. Because of the fact that it was incessantly practice, this has led to depletion and maceration of soils resulting in their low productivity. At this point in time, several countries are working to minimize the action of using of agrochemicals. This is a serious problem which can be solved through converting inorganic farming into organic farming. Inorganic fertilizers are perhaps the most widely used form of chemical in agriculture. Fertilizers are added to the soil in which crops are growing to provide nutrients required by the plants but, in contrast it has an adverse effect. Another factor resulting the low production of agricultural crops are pests, germs and weeds cause heavy loss to crops. Biocide’s chemicals that were very toxic and non-organic including pesticides, herbicides and weedicides are used to save the crops and to avoid losses. The increased use of these inputs has saved a lot of crops, especially the food crops from unnecessary wastage. But indiscriminate use of biocides has resulted in wide spread environmental pollution which takes its own toll. Moreover, with the expansion of cities (urbanization) due to increases in population, there has been a loss of agricultural land. Appropriate use of fertilizers to increase crop yield has in part counterbalanced this loss of land. Through the production of pesticides and fertilizers, it is evident that chemistry has played a significant role in maximizing the yield of crops. A branch of chemistry which plays a significant role in the production of these chemicals is known as organic chemistry. The action used of organic chemistry has been the heart of food production and became crop protection strategies for arable farming and agriculture sector. And through the application of organic chemistry in the field of agriculture, it has transitioned to using safer chemicals. Most used today have very low toxicity. Truly, the development of more stable and sustainable agroecosystems for improving food production has caused wide public concern in recent years As we all know, the basic need of human being is food. Indeed, it is the agriculture only which fulfills this need for the entire population in the world. As world population continues to grow, it is timely to assess the current situation, anticipate future challenges and consider how new chemistry may help meet those challenges. For over half century, organic chemistry has been the mainstay of crop protection strategies for the exact purpose of arable farming and food production. Fertilizers which help to improve fertility and supply of nutrients to plant and is very essential for growth. Pesticides which are chemicals that are added to the soil to kill pests include herbicides which inhibit the growth of unwanted plants, and insecticides destroy insects that harm the plants are very important for the supply of agriculture products. Hence, organic farmers use natural pesticides and fertilizers, which differs from traditional agriculture using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators to improve crop yields. In the final analysis of problems caused to the environment and human health by the overuse of synthetic agrochemicals, they present some alternatives involving sustainable and ecofriendly materials, some of which are readily available. On paper, an organic chemist and a farmer work together to bring the biggest, freshest, and safest foods to our markets. For us to fully understand better the importance of organic fertilizer on the crops, we humans need elements such as calcium and iron as our vitamins, since we have bones and teeth that need to stay strong. Just like us, plants can use some additional help to grow up healthy and strong. In order to stay healthy and grow normally, crops require a number of nutrients, fertilizers are basically plant vitamins in that they supply additional nutrients to the soil that help plants grow. Fertilizers are made from compost piles, organic matter, and organic waste. In addition to making plants stronger, both chemists and farmers work to make the enemies of plants weaker. They work together to develop pesticides that will protect plants from these nemeses yet keep the humans who eventually eat these plants (us) safe. Furthermore, organic chemistry has been, and for the foreseeable future will remain, vitally important for crop protection. Control of fungal pathogens, insect pests and weeds is crucial to enhanced food provision. The control of fungal pathogens, insect pests and weeds has made a crucial contribution to food provision worldwide by ensuring the harvested yield of the world's crops. In addition, organic chemistry not solely focuses for the production and protection in the agricultural yields but, also for making storage and preservation of agriculture produce like food preservatives for longer shell life—an example of new generation refrigerants had been developed. Also, chemicals which are added to promote the ripening of fruits or the germination of seeds, and food packaging has advanced due to the material produced by advancements in chemistry. Similar to this, the development of saccharin and sweeteners, vitamins, and minerals. Consumers have benefited from new technologies that have enhanced the flavor, appearance, availability, and nutritional value of their food. Through exploring and studying the organic chemistry, diverse and vast compounds, its unique properties, their complex structures. The life-lesson I have learned from this course is that our instinct would tell us that the most important element on Earth is oxygen for this element enables us to breathe to stay alive. In reality, I have realized that it is not oxygen but carbon that keeps us alive. Carbon makes up almost every molecule needed by living organisms. The food and clothing, household items, and industrial products are all composed of carbon. Indeed, carbon is one of the major keys to survival. This idea has to be understood and recognized. There are things in this life that seem to be unrecognizable. We tend to neglect them for we think that they have nothing to do with our lives. But once they are gone, we realize that their presence is worth keeping. So, learn to appreciate everything or everyone that comes along us, for in one way or another, they could affect and influence our lives. To sum up everything that has stated so far, organic chemistry plays a part in the development of common household chemicals, foods, plastics, drugs, and fuels most of the chemical’s part of daily life. Thus, Chemistry has been and is still closely linked to the progress in agriculture field. It provides innovative new ways to widen the boundaries of agriculture and to combat potential problems and thus increasing productivity and quality of produce. Organic chemistry provides a host of useful products that have made the world more colorful with synthetic dyes, improved public health through pesticides and drugs, and increased the crop yields with fertilizers and pesticides.