Abnormal Psychology
Chapter Seven
Mood Disorders and Suicide
Pamela describes herself as nervous and on edge. Sometimes she gets tearful. Her therapist
believes that her symptoms warrant a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Which subtype
would Pamela fall under? - **Anxiety features
The DSM-5 recognizes subtypes for major depressive disorder. A person who has at least three
symptoms of mania but does not meet the full criteria for a manic episode is diagnosed with... **Major depressive disorder with mixed features
Hector suffers from feelings of guilt, is not interested in much of anything and has prominent
depressive symptoms. Because of this, his psychologist has decided that he meets the criteria for
the ______ features subtype of major depressive disorder. - **Melancholic
Eleanor has auditory hallucinations along with her major depressive disorder. She would be
diagnosed with which subtype? - **Psychotic
Rachel has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because she has major speech
disturbances but is otherwise almost "frozen" in place, she meets the criteria for the subtype of...
- **Catatonic features
The subtype of major depressive disorder with _______ features refers to an odd assortment of
symptoms such as hypersomnia, weight gain, and a long standing pattern of sensitivity to
interpersonal rejection. - **Atypical
Clint has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because his depression has typically
occurred during the winter months and it improves during the other seasons, the best subtype
for Clint is.... - **with seasonal pattern
Because Mary Jo experienced major depressive disorder about three weeks after her daughter,
Lisa, was born, the subtype that best describes her situation is... - **with peripartum onset
Ari's psychotherapist has diagnosed Ari with major depressive disorder with ________
features because Ari is experiencing hallucinations and delusions along with his depressive
symptoms. - **Psychotic
What person is statistically least likely to be depressed? - **Paula, a retied postman, aged 70
Quentin has been severely depressed for the last two weeks. However, he now feels mildly
ecstatic. He is more energetic than normal and this has lasted for about four days before leveling
off into more normal behavior. What is probably the best diagnosis of Quentin's behavior? **Bipolar II Disorder
Matilda has been on top of the world for the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do
no wrong. She is working on solving the world's major problems and is sure she can come up
with an answer. Matilda is most likely experiencing.... - **Manic episode
Jackie has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder because she experiences both depression and
mania. What best describes Jackie's mania? - **Speaks rapidly in a quick fire fashion; emptied
her checking account by going on a clothes buying spree; believes that she will write the great
American novel over the weekend
A person with ______ disorder chronically alternates between periods of hypomania and
depression. - **Cyclothymic
What are symptoms associated with bipolar diagnosed in children and adolescents? **Irritability and temper tantrums
1
The criteria for a hypomanic episode are similar to those of a manic episode except that
hypomania... - **involves a shorter duration and are not sever enough to interfere with daily
functioning.
_____ disorder symptoms are more chronic and less severe than those of bipolar disorder but
do include both manic and depressive symptoms. - **Cyclothymic
True or False: Children are not diagnosed with bipolar disorder. - **False
A new disorder added in the DSM-5 Is disruptive ________ dysregulation disorder. This
describes a child age 6 or older who shows immature and inappropriate temper outbursts that
are out of proportion to reality. - **Mood
It is probable that multiple ______ abnormalities contribute to depression. - **genetic
What is involved in the fight or flight response? - **HPA
What is true about the causes of mood disorders? - **Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
have all been implicated in depression; first degree relatives of people with major depression are
two to three times more likely to have depression than people without the disorder; people with
depression tend to show elevated levels of the hormones cortisol and CRH
What are drug treatments for depression? - **SSRI; SNRI; MAO Inhibitors
Behavioral psychological theory of depression - **focus on the role of uncontrolled stressors
Cognitive psychological theory of depression - **thinking controls and maintains depression
Interpersonal psychological theory of depression - **focus is on how difficulty in relationships
affects depression
Sociocultural - **focus is on how depression affects different socioeconomic groups
What is true in regard to ECT? - **It is used to treat depression; there are a series of treatments;
electric current is passed through the brain
Anne's therapist is interested in structuring opportunities for Anne to have increased positive
reinforcement in her life and decreased aversive experiences. Her therapist most likely adheres
to the... - **Behavioral perspective
The _____ _______ behavioral theory was formulated by Seligman and states that the type of
stressful event most likely to lead to depression is something that is uncontrollable and leads to
low motivation and passivity. - **Learned helplessness
In terms of brain abnormalities, what brain structures are associated with bipolar disorder? **Amygdala and the prefrontal cortex
Research has found that _____% of people who commit suicide have diagnosable mental
disorder. - **90
A ______ describes seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that are not real. **hallucination
It is very difficult to do research on ______ because reporting by family and friends may be
selective and because it is relatively rare. - **Suicide
Broad based suicide prevention programs may be harmful in that they may make suicide appear
to be _______. - **Normal
What are major focuses of interpersonal therapy? - **Investing in new relationships; learning
better ways of communicating; discussing role transitions
What are considered suicidal behavior? - **Suicide attempt; plan development; suicidal ideation
European Americans suicide rate in the US - **highest
Native Americans suicide rate in the US - **2nd highest
African Americans suicide rate in the US - **3rd highest
2
What does DBT focus on? - **Managing negative emotions; controlling impulsive behaviors;
increasing problem solving skills
What ae symptoms of a manic episode? - **Irritability with others; risky or impulsive behavior;
extreme self confidence
As opposed to people with bipolar disorder, people who are diagnosed with a depressive
disorder of some kind experience only depression and not ______. - **Mania
The World Health Organization (2012) has said that more people die worldwide from suicide
than they do from_______. - **Homicide
Shelia tells her therapist that she believes that the CIA is watching her, has tapped her phone
and inserted electrodes into her head to monitor her thinking. What is Shelia experiencing? **Delusions
______ is a self inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die. - **Suicide
Interpersonal and social rhythms therapy (ISRT) is an enhancement of interpersonal therapy
designed specifically for people with a diagnosis of ______ disorder. - **Bipolar
Jeremy has been irritable and impatient with other people, claims that he will find a cure for
cancer, and is attempting to get family members to invert their money in his plan. Most likely,
the best description of what is happening with Jeremy is _____. - **a manic episode
Research has shown that interpersonal therapy is.... - **as effective as behavioral, cognitivebehavioral, and drug therapies in the treatment of depressive disorders
What are biological treatments for mood disorders? - **Deep brain stimulation;
electroconvulsive therapy; medications; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; vagus
nerve stimulation
When older people attempt suicide, - **they are usually more successful
What are techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy? - **Conducting time limited therapy
sessions; focusing on specific problems; encouraging clients to set goals; encouraging clients to
make decisions
What is associated with Aaron Beck? - **Cognitive behavior therapy; the negative cognitive triad
The ______ theory of depression suggests that life stress leads to depression because it reduces
the positive reinforcers in a person's life. - **Behavioral
_______ theorists have focused on how differences in the social conditions of different groups
can lead to depression. - **Sociocultural
Alyssa's new psychologist explains to her that the primary treatment goals for her are to change
her negative patterns of thinking and to develop problem solving skills. The psychologist is
reflecting the goals of .... - **Cognitive Behavior therapy
The ______ neurotransmitters have been implicated in bipolar disorder as well as in major
depressive disorder. - **Monoamine
Research has identified a syndrome called complicated ________ that occurs in about 10-15%
of bereaved people and involves the feeling that life is empty and meaningless. - **Grief
In terms of brain abnormalities, what are structures associated with bipolar disorder? **Amygdala and prefrontal cortex
The idea that there are degrees of depression ranging from very mild to quite severe reflects the
idea that disorders occur.... - **on a continuum
Behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and interpersonal therapy are all _______ therapies. **psychological
3
The type of therapy that focuses on discovering and challenging negative thinking is.... **Cognitive behavioral therapy
What best describes psychomotor retardation, which may be a prominent feature in depressive
disorders? - **Lack of energy; feeling fatigued; having more accidents
What are biological factors in suicide? - **Low levels of serotonin; evidence from twin studies;
genetic abnormalities
In general, depression rates are quite low in those over the age of 65, except that they increase in
those over the age of ______. - **85
Clinicians diagnose people who have four or more episodes of major depression, mania,
hypomania, or mixed symptoms with the _____ cycling form of the disorder. - **Rapid
The rate of suicide is underreported due to... - **the stigma against suicide is a great incentive
for labeling a death anything but a suicide
The ______ response theory, a cognitive theory, focuses more on the process of thinking than
on the content of thinking as a contributor to depression. - **Ruminative
Men are _____ than women to complete suicide. - **four times more likely
As many as ______% of youth will experience an episode of depression before the age of 20. **24
One reason there may be a ______ difference in terms of suicide is that more than half of men
who kill themselves use firearms. - **Gender
What is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder? - **Lithium
What appears from the research to be a psychosocial contributors in bipolar disorder? **Stressful situations; changes in body rhythms; changes in routines; sensitivity to reward
The diagnosis of _____ ______ disorder is new to the DSM-5 and refers to a mood disorder
lasting at least 2 years in adults and involving depressed mood most of the day for most days
during this period. - **Persistent depressive
What are side effects from taking lithium? - **Abdominal pain and kidney dysfunction
______ therapy for mood disorders involves increasing positive reinforcers and decreasing
aversive experiences. - **Behavioral
A person who is suicidal requires immediate care and sometimes ______ if they are a danger to
themselves or others. - **Hospitalization
In terms of gender differences in depression, what is true? - **Women are twice as likely as men
to have diagnoses of depressive disorders.
According to Durkheim's classification system, egoistic suicide is committed by... - **People who
lack social contracts, feel alone in an unsupportive world, are alienated
Another term for bipolar was.... - **Manic depression
Most people who develop bipolar disorder do so.... - **in late adolescence and early adulthood
______ therapy may help reduce seasonal affective disorder by resetting circadian rhythms,
natural cycles of biological activity that occur every 24 hours. - **Light
What are techniques of cognitive behavior therapy? - **Encouraging clients to set own goals,
conducting time limited therapy sessions, focusing on specific problems, encouraging clients to
make decisions
The World Health Organization (2012) has said that more people die worldwide from suicide
than they do from ______. - **Homicide
What appears to be symptoms associated with bipolar diagnoses in children and adolescents? **Temper tantrums, irritiability
4
Ari's psychotherapist has diagnosed Ari with major depressive disorder with ______ features
because Ari is experiencing hallucinations and delusions along with his depressive symptoms. **Psychotic
_______ therapy for mood disorders involves increasing positive reinforcers and decreasing
aversive experiences. - **Behavioral
What is used to treat depression and/or bipolar disorder? - **SSRI, tricyclic antidepressants,
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
The criteria for major depressive disorder with _______ pattern refers to at least two years
when major depressive disorder occurs during a particular time of year, usually winter, and
improves at other times of the year. - **Seasonal
A new disorder added in the DSM 5 is disruptive ______ dysregulation disorder. This describes
a child age 6 or older who shows immature and inappropriate temper outbursts that are out of
proportion to reality. - **Mood
Interpersonal and social rhythms therapy (ISRT) is an enhancement of interpersonal therapy
designed specifically for people with a diagnosis of _____ disorder. - **Bipolar
What symptoms are present when a person has a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, with
atypical features? - **Longstanding pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection,
hypersomnia, weight gain
The two goals of ______ therapy are to change negative thinking patterns and problem solve. **Cognitive behavioral
The ________ theory of depression suggest that life stress leads to depression because it
reduces the positive reinforcers in a person's life. - **Behavioral
What neurotransmitter is thought to be implicated in bipolar disorder? - **Dopamine
What example represents the syndrome of complicated grief? - **Doreen's husband died two
and half years ago and her daughter is worried about her attitude that life is meaningless.
_______ theorists have focused on how differences in social conditions of different groups can
lead to depression. - **Sociocultural
Charles has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because he also exhibits anxiety
symptoms, he would fit DSM5 diagnosis of depression with ______ _______. - **anxious
distress
A ______ is a belief that has no basis in reality. - **Delusion
Depression with ______ features involves strange behaviors that may range from complete
lack of movement to excited agitation. - **Catatonic
When they do occur, depressions in older people tend to... - **be severe, chronic, and
debilitating
What are symptoms often displayed by children with depression? - **Irritability, failure to gain
expected weight
_______ dysphoric disorder is diagnosed in women who regularly have significant increases in
distress during the week before the onset of menses. - **Premenstrual
The cardinal symptom of _______ is low mood that is out of proportion to any cause. **Depression
What fits Durkheim's concept of altruistic suicide? - **A parent who saves his child from a car
but dies, a suicide bomber
Albert commits suicide because he lost his job in the steel plant and is confused as to his role in
life. According to Durkheim, what type of suicide best describes Albert's? - **Anomic
5
When two or more suicides or suicide attempts are non randomly bunched in space or time,
scientists refer to this as a suicide ______. - **Cluster
What areas of the brain have been implicated in depression through imaging? - **Anterior
cingulate, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala
A decrease in suicide rates among adolescents since the mid 1990s is thought to be due to... **the increased use of anti depressants
What are diagnostic requirements for persistent depressive disorder in adolescents and
children? - **It has to persist for at least one year, mood can be depressed or irritable
Studies on ethnic and racial differences in depression have shown that African Americans have
lower _____ rates but higher _____ rates. - **Depression; anxiety
What are the main aspects of hopelessness depression? - **Pessimistic causal attributions, fear
of not being able to cope
Della's grandmother sees things very differently than Della. The explanation for this is that each
grew up in unique historical time. This is referred to as a ______ effect. - **Cohort
People with depression have been found to have high levels of the hormone _______ indicating
that their bodies overreact to stress. - **Cortisol
Some studies suggest that youth with bipolar disorder have abnormalities in the _____ matter
of their brain, the tissue that connects various structures in the brain and transmits messages
between them. - **White
What best describes the mechanism of action of SNRIs? - **Levels of serotonin are affected, they
have a slight advantage over SSRI, in preventing relapse, levels of norepinephrine are affected
In studies on ethnic and racial differences in depression, extremely high rates of depression
have been found in _____. - **Native Americans
What is the difference between mania and hypomania? - **Mania is much more severe than
hypomania.
The drug buproprion is useful in treating... - **cigarette craving
What is true of the tricyclic antidepressant class of drugs? - **They were among the first drugs
developed to treat depression, they are used less frequently today, they are fatal in overdose,
they have a lot of side effectsPamela describes herself as nervous and on edge. Sometimes she
gets tearful. Her therapist believes that her symptoms warrant a diagnosis of major depressive
disorder. Which subtype would Pamela fall under? - **Anxiety features
The DSM-5 recognizes subtypes for major depressive disorder. A person who has at least three
symptoms of mania but does not meet the full criteria for a manic episode is diagnosed with... **Major depressive disorder with mixed features
Hector suffers from feelings of guilt, is not interested in much of anything and has prominent
depressive symptoms. Because of this, his psychologist has decided that he meets the criteria for
the ______ features subtype of major depressive disorder. - **Melancholic
Eleanor has auditory hallucinations along with her major depressive disorder. She would be
diagnosed with which subtype? - **Psychotic
Rachel has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because she has major speech
disturbances but is otherwise almost "frozen" in place, she meets the criteria for the subtype of...
- **Catatonic features
The subtype of major depressive disorder with _______ features refers to an odd assortment of
symptoms such as hypersomnia, weight gain, and a long standing pattern of sensitivity to
interpersonal rejection. - **Atypical
6
Clint has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because his depression has typically
occurred during the winter months and it improves during the other seasons, the best subtype
for Clint is.... - **with seasonal pattern
Because Mary Jo experienced major depressive disorder about three weeks after her daughter,
Lisa, was born, the subtype that best describes her situation is... - **with peripartum onset
Ari's psychotherapist has diagnosed Ari with major depressive disorder with ________
features because Ari is experiencing hallucinations and delusions along with his depressive
symptoms. - **Psychotic
What person is statistically least likely to be depressed? - **Paula, a retied postman, aged 70
Quentin has been severely depressed for the last two weeks. However, he now feels mildly
ecstatic. He is more energetic than normal and this has lasted for about four days before leveling
off into more normal behavior. What is probably the best diagnosis of Quentin's behavior? **Bipolar II Disorder
Matilda has been on top of the world for the past week. She feels invincible and that she can do
no wrong. She is working on solving the world's major problems and is sure she can come up
with an answer. Matilda is most likely experiencing.... - **Manic episode
Jackie has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder because she experiences both depression and
mania. What best describes Jackie's mania? - **Speaks rapidly in a quick fire fashion; emptied
her checking account by going on a clothes buying spree; believes that she will write the great
American novel over the weekend
A person with ______ disorder chronically alternates between periods of hypomania and
depression. - **Cyclothymic
What are symptoms associated with bipolar diagnosed in children and adolescents? **Irritability and temper tantrums
The criteria for a hypomanic episode are similar to those of a manic episode except that
hypomania... - **involves a shorter duration and are not sever enough to interfere with daily
functioning.
_____ disorder symptoms are more chronic and less severe than those of bipolar disorder but
do include both manic and depressive symptoms. - **Cyclothymic
True or False: Children are not diagnosed with bipolar disorder. - **False
A new disorder added in the DSM-5 Is disruptive ________ dysregulation disorder. This
describes a child age 6 or older who shows immature and inappropriate temper outbursts that
are out of proportion to reality. - **Mood
It is probable that multiple ______ abnormalities contribute to depression. - **genetic
What is involved in the fight or flight response? - **HPA
What is true about the causes of mood disorders? - **Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
have all been implicated in depression; first degree relatives of people with major depression are
two to three times more likely to have depression than people without the disorder; people with
depression tend to show elevated levels of the hormones cortisol and CRH
What are drug treatments for depression? - **SSRI; SNRI; MAO Inhibitors
Behavioral psychological theory of depression - **focus on the role of uncontrolled stressors
Cognitive psychological theory of depression - **thinking controls and maintains depression
Interpersonal psychological theory of depression - **focus is on how difficulty in relationships
affects depression
Sociocultural - **focus is on how depression affects different socioeconomic groups
7
What is true in regard to ECT? - **It is used to treat depression; there are a series of treatments;
electric current is passed through the brain
Anne's therapist is interested in structuring opportunities for Anne to have increased positive
reinforcement in her life and decreased aversive experiences. Her therapist most likely adheres
to the... - **Behavioral perspective
The _____ _______ behavioral theory was formulated by Seligman and states that the type of
stressful event most likely to lead to depression is something that is uncontrollable and leads to
low motivation and passivity. - **Learned helplessness
In terms of brain abnormalities, what brain structures are associated with bipolar disorder? **Amygdala and the prefrontal cortex
Research has found that _____% of people who commit suicide have diagnosable mental
disorder. - **90
A ______ describes seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or smelling things that are not real. **hallucination
It is very difficult to do research on ______ because reporting by family and friends may be
selective and because it is relatively rare. - **Suicide
Broad based suicide prevention programs may be harmful in that they may make suicide appear
to be _______. - **Normal
What are major focuses of interpersonal therapy? - **Investing in new relationships; learning
better ways of communicating; discussing role transitions
What are considered suicidal behavior? - **Suicide attempt; plan development; suicidal ideation
European Americans suicide rate in the US - **highest
Native Americans suicide rate in the US - **2nd highest
African Americans suicide rate in the US - **3rd highest
What does DBT focus on? - **Managing negative emotions; controlling impulsive behaviors;
increasing problem solving skills
What ae symptoms of a manic episode? - **Irritability with others; risky or impulsive behavior;
extreme self confidence
As opposed to people with bipolar disorder, people who are diagnosed with a depressive
disorder of some kind experience only depression and not ______. - **Mania
The World Health Organization (2012) has said that more people die worldwide from suicide
than they do from_______. - **Homicide
Shelia tells her therapist that she believes that the CIA is watching her, has tapped her phone
and inserted electrodes into her head to monitor her thinking. What is Shelia experiencing? **Delusions
______ is a self inflicted destructive act with explicit or inferred intent to die. - **Suicide
Interpersonal and social rhythms therapy (ISRT) is an enhancement of interpersonal therapy
designed specifically for people with a diagnosis of ______ disorder. - **Bipolar
Jeremy has been irritable and impatient with other people, claims that he will find a cure for
cancer, and is attempting to get family members to invert their money in his plan. Most likely,
the best description of what is happening with Jeremy is _____. - **a manic episode
Research has shown that interpersonal therapy is.... - **as effective as behavioral, cognitivebehavioral, and drug therapies in the treatment of depressive disorders
8
What are biological treatments for mood disorders? - **Deep brain stimulation;
electroconvulsive therapy; medications; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; vagus
nerve stimulation
When older people attempt suicide, - **they are usually more successful
What are techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy? - **Conducting time limited therapy
sessions; focusing on specific problems; encouraging clients to set goals; encouraging clients to
make decisions
What is associated with Aaron Beck? - **Cognitive behavior therapy; the negative cognitive triad
The ______ theory of depression suggests that life stress leads to depression because it reduces
the positive reinforcers in a person's life. - **Behavioral
_______ theorists have focused on how differences in the social conditions of different groups
can lead to depression. - **Sociocultural
Alyssa's new psychologist explains to her that the primary treatment goals for her are to change
her negative patterns of thinking and to develop problem solving skills. The psychologist is
reflecting the goals of .... - **Cognitive Behavior therapy
The ______ neurotransmitters have been implicated in bipolar disorder as well as in major
depressive disorder. - **Monoamine
Research has identified a syndrome called complicated ________ that occurs in about 10-15%
of bereaved people and involves the feeling that life is empty and meaningless. - **Grief
In terms of brain abnormalities, what are structures associated with bipolar disorder? **Amygdala and prefrontal cortex
The idea that there are degrees of depression ranging from very mild to quite severe reflects the
idea that disorders occur.... - **on a continuum
Behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and interpersonal therapy are all _______ therapies. **psychological
The type of therapy that focuses on discovering and challenging negative thinking is.... **Cognitive behavioral therapy
What best describes psychomotor retardation, which may be a prominent feature in depressive
disorders? - **Lack of energy; feeling fatigued; having more accidents
What are biological factors in suicide? - **Low levels of serotonin; evidence from twin studies;
genetic abnormalities
In general, depression rates are quite low in those over the age of 65, except that they increase in
those over the age of ______. - **85
Clinicians diagnose people who have four or more episodes of major depression, mania,
hypomania, or mixed symptoms with the _____ cycling form of the disorder. - **Rapid
The rate of suicide is underreported due to... - **the stigma against suicide is a great incentive
for labeling a death anything but a suicide
The ______ response theory, a cognitive theory, focuses more on the process of thinking than
on the content of thinking as a contributor to depression. - **Ruminative
Men are _____ than women to complete suicide. - **four times more likely
As many as ______% of youth will experience an episode of depression before the age of 20. **24
One reason there may be a ______ difference in terms of suicide is that more than half of men
who kill themselves use firearms. - **Gender
What is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder? - **Lithium
9
What appears from the research to be a psychosocial contributors in bipolar disorder? **Stressful situations; changes in body rhythms; changes in routines; sensitivity to reward
The diagnosis of _____ ______ disorder is new to the DSM-5 and refers to a mood disorder
lasting at least 2 years in adults and involving depressed mood most of the day for most days
during this period. - **Persistent depressive
What are side effects from taking lithium? - **Abdominal pain and kidney dysfunction
______ therapy for mood disorders involves increasing positive reinforcers and decreasing
aversive experiences. - **Behavioral
A person who is suicidal requires immediate care and sometimes ______ if they are a danger to
themselves or others. - **Hospitalization
In terms of gender differences in depression, what is true? - **Women are twice as likely as men
to have diagnoses of depressive disorders.
According to Durkheim's classification system, egoistic suicide is committed by... - **People who
lack social contracts, feel alone in an unsupportive world, are alienated
Another term for bipolar was.... - **Manic depression
Most people who develop bipolar disorder do so.... - **in late adolescence and early adulthood
______ therapy may help reduce seasonal affective disorder by resetting circadian rhythms,
natural cycles of biological activity that occur every 24 hours. - **Light
What are techniques of cognitive behavior therapy? - **Encouraging clients to set own goals,
conducting time limited therapy sessions, focusing on specific problems, encouraging clients to
make decisions
The World Health Organization (2012) has said that more people die worldwide from suicide
than they do from ______. - **Homicide
What appears to be symptoms associated with bipolar diagnoses in children and adolescents? **Temper tantrums, irritiability
Ari's psychotherapist has diagnosed Ari with major depressive disorder with ______ features
because Ari is experiencing hallucinations and delusions along with his depressive symptoms. **Psychotic
_______ therapy for mood disorders involves increasing positive reinforcers and decreasing
aversive experiences. - **Behavioral
What is used to treat depression and/or bipolar disorder? - **SSRI, tricyclic antidepressants,
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
The criteria for major depressive disorder with _______ pattern refers to at least two years
when major depressive disorder occurs during a particular time of year, usually winter, and
improves at other times of the year. - **Seasonal
A new disorder added in the DSM 5 is disruptive ______ dysregulation disorder. This describes
a child age 6 or older who shows immature and inappropriate temper outbursts that are out of
proportion to reality. - **Mood
Interpersonal and social rhythms therapy (ISRT) is an enhancement of interpersonal therapy
designed specifically for people with a diagnosis of _____ disorder. - **Bipolar
What symptoms are present when a person has a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, with
atypical features? - **Longstanding pattern of sensitivity to interpersonal rejection,
hypersomnia, weight gain
The two goals of ______ therapy are to change negative thinking patterns and problem solve. **Cognitive behavioral
10
The ________ theory of depression suggest that life stress leads to depression because it
reduces the positive reinforcers in a person's life. - **Behavioral
What neurotransmitter is thought to be implicated in bipolar disorder? - **Dopamine
What example represents the syndrome of complicated grief? - **Doreen's husband died two
and half years ago and her daughter is worried about her attitude that life is meaningless.
_______ theorists have focused on how differences in social conditions of different groups can
lead to depression. - **Sociocultural
Charles has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Because he also exhibits anxiety
symptoms, he would fit DSM5 diagnosis of depression with ______ _______. - **anxious
distress
A ______ is a belief that has no basis in reality. - **Delusion
Depression with ______ features involves strange behaviors that may range from complete
lack of movement to excited agitation. - **Catatonic
When they do occur, depressions in older people tend to... - **be severe, chronic, and
debilitating
What are symptoms often displayed by children with depression? - **Irritability, failure to gain
expected weight
_______ dysphoric disorder is diagnosed in women who regularly have significant increases in
distress during the week before the onset of menses. - **Premenstrual
The cardinal symptom of _______ is low mood that is out of proportion to any cause. **Depression
What fits Durkheim's concept of altruistic suicide? - **A parent who saves his child from a car
but dies, a suicide bomber
Albert commits suicide because he lost his job in the steel plant and is confused as to his role in
life. According to Durkheim, what type of suicide best describes Albert's? - **Anomic
When two or more suicides or suicide attempts are non randomly bunched in space or time,
scientists refer to this as a suicide ______. - **Cluster
What areas of the brain have been implicated in depression through imaging? - **Anterior
cingulate, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala
A decrease in suicide rates among adolescents since the mid 1990s is thought to be due to... **the increased use of anti depressants
What are diagnostic requirements for persistent depressive disorder in adolescents and
children? - **It has to persist for at least one year, mood can be depressed or irritable
Studies on ethnic and racial differences in depression have shown that African Americans have
lower _____ rates but higher _____ rates. - **Depression; anxiety
What are the main aspects of hopelessness depression? - **Pessimistic causal attributions, fear
of not being able to cope
Della's grandmother sees things very differently than Della. The explanation for this is that each
grew up in unique historical time. This is referred to as a ______ effect. - **Cohort
People with depression have been found to have high levels of the hormone _______ indicating
that their bodies overreact to stress. - **Cortisol
Some studies suggest that youth with bipolar disorder have abnormalities in the _____ matter
of their brain, the tissue that connects various structures in the brain and transmits messages
between them. - **White
11
What best describes the mechanism of action of SNRIs? - **Levels of serotonin are affected, they
have a slight advantage over SSRI, in preventing relapse, levels of norepinephrine are affected
In studies on ethnic and racial differences in depression, extremely high rates of depression
have been found in _____. - **Native Americans
What is the difference between mania and hypomania? - **Mania is much more severe than
hypomania.
The drug buproprion is useful in treating... - **cigarette craving
What is true of the tricyclic antidepressant class of drugs? - **They were among the first drugs
developed to treat depression, they are used less frequently today, they are fatal in overdose,
they have a lot of side effects
Research on bipolar patients has shown that some brain centers maybe hypersensitive to... **rewards
Alan works as a wine taster and has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. When his doctor
considers what medications to use for Alan, he rejects _____ because of its interaction with red
wine. - **MAOIs
What is true of vagus nerve stimulation? - **It is used to relieve depression, it is an electronic
device, surgical implantation is required
About ______ % of the US population has a diagnosable seasonal affective disorder. - **5
Monozygotic twins of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder are ______ times more likely to
have the disorder than people in the general population are. - **45 to 75
When faced with distress, what population is more likely to use alcohol? - **Men
The cognitive variable that has most consistently predicted suicide is... - **hopelessness
Research on depression medications has found that it works best on... - **those with severe and
chronic depression
A theory that explores how cognitive factors might influence whether a person becomes helpless
and depressed and also focus on casual attributions is... - **the reformulated helplessness
theory
What are the main aspects of hoplessness depression? - **Pessimistic casual attributions, fear of
not being able to cope
What percentage of teen-agers seriously consider suicide in the US each year? - **17%
Some people -- often adolescents -- injure themselves by cutting, burning, or puncturing in a
way that is considered non suicidal. This practice is known as... - **NSSI
People with depression have been found to have high levels of the hormone _____ indicating
that their bodies overreact to stress. - **cortisol
What best describes people with diagnosis of depression in terms of sleep and appetitive
changes? - **Some people sleep more, some less; some eat more, some less
Antidepressant drugs reduce depression in about _______ of people who take them. - **5060%
Carolyn has chronic difficulty getting along with her parents, her friends and her co workers and
she is depressed about it. Which theory does this example illustrate? - **Interpersonal theory
Bipolar disorder is often associated with - **substance abuse
The personality characteristic that seems to predict suicide best is... - **impulsivity
Research on bipolar patients has shown that some brain centers maybe hypersensitive to... **rewards
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Alan works as a wine taster and has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. When his doctor
considers what medications to use for Alan, he rejects _____ because of its interaction with red
wine. - **MAOIs
What is true of vagus nerve stimulation? - **It is used to relieve depression, it is an electronic
device, surgical implantation is required
About ______ % of the US population has a diagnosable seasonal affective disorder. - **5
Monozygotic twins of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder are ______ times more likely to
have the disorder than people in the general population are. - **45 to 75
When faced with distress, what population is more likely to use alcohol? - **Men
The cognitive variable that has most consistently predicted suicide is... - **hopelessness
Research on depression medications has found that it works best on... - **those with severe and
chronic depression
A theory that explores how cognitive factors might influence whether a person becomes helpless
and depressed and also focus on casual attributions is... - **the reformulated helplessness
theory
What are the main aspects of hoplessness depression? - **Pessimistic casual attributions, fear of
not being able to cope
What percentage of teen-agers seriously consider suicide in the US each year? - **17%
Some people -- often adolescents -- injure themselves by cutting, burning, or puncturing in a
way that is considered non suicidal. This practice is known as... - **NSSI
People with depression have been found to have high levels of the hormone _____ indicating
that their bodies overreact to stress. - **cortisol
What best describes people with diagnosis of depression in terms of sleep and appetitive
changes? - **Some people sleep more, some less; some eat more, some less
Antidepressant drugs reduce depression in about _______ of people who take them. - **5060%
Carolyn has chronic difficulty getting along with her parents, her friends and her co workers and
she is depressed about it. Which theory does this example illustrate? - **Interpersonal theory
Bipolar disorder is often associated with - **substance abuse
The personality characteristic that seems to predict suicide best is... - **impulsivity
13