Inner - Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
2 layers of fibrous tissue w/ small spaces
between them
Pericardium
Outer - Parietal Pericardium
Pericardial Edema
Heart Coverings
trauma, viral/bacterial infection, tumor,
other factors
Pericarditis
1st beat
Atria Contract
fluid (pus/blood/pericardial) accumulates
in space between 2 layers
Superior Vena Cava
Oxygen poor blood from Veins
R Atrium
TO
Tricuspid Valve (R AV)
Slide over each other w/o friction (serous
membranes)
Ventriclular Systole
TO
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
R Ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
A thin film of pericardial fluid provides
lubrication
Smaller
Pulmonary Artery
Less muscular
-CO2
Thinner walls
Pulmonary Circulation - blood flow from R VENT to LUNGS to L
ATRIUM (O2 poor turns to O2 rich)
Simultaneously
Systemic Circulation - blood flow from L VENT through BODY
TO R ATRIUM (O2 Rich turns to O2 poor)
Anterior Interventricular Branch
Upper chambers
Interatrial Septum
1st Aorta Branches
Delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
Right Posterior Descending Artery (RPD)
Blood enters from veins
+O2
Aorta
Coronary Arteries
Aortic Semilunar Valve
L Ventricle
Bicuspid Valve (L AV)
L Atrium
To
Pulmonary Veins
TO
Blood exits into arteries
Oxygen Rich Blood
4 Heart Chambers
TO
2 Ventricles (discharging chambers)
Lower chambers
Interventricular Septum
Anatomy
Feeds the front and back of the heart
Interventricular Arteries (descending arteries)
Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD)
*Deprives Oxygen to the heart and tissue
death occurs Myocardial Infarction (
MI)
**Common cause of death in
middle to late adulthood
Walls
Thrombosis
Cardiac muscle - Myocardium
Blood Clots
Embolism
Rough & abrasive to RBCs
Located Behind the ASL Valve
Endocarditis
blood can clot (thrombus)
Physical Inactivity
Atherosclerosis
Cigarette smoking
HEART
Left - Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART
Leading case of death in western
counteries
Right - Tricuspid Valve
Complications
Located between each ventricular
chamber & its large artery
Hypertension
Semilunar (SL) Valves
Diabetes
shorter pause
Myocardium is deprived of adequate
oxygen
Warning Sign the coronary arteries are no
longer able to supply enough oxygen to
the heart muscle
1st Therapy used to treat blockages to
coronary blood flow
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Valves
prevents backflow during diastole
Dub - 2nd sound
allows blood flow out of left ventricle up
to the aorta
vibration & abrupt closure of AV valves as
Ventricles contract
Angina Pectoris
Longer duration
Coronary Angioplasty
prevents backflow
Lub - 1st sound
Sounds
BEFORE lub or dub
Incompetent valves cause swishing sound
Congenital
Location
Disorders
often caused by valve disorders
AFTER lub or dub
Coronary Bypass Surgery
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Lower pitch
Procedures
Common procedure
allows blood going from right ventricle to
the lungs during systole
Normal Sounds
For pts who have severl restricted
coronary arteries
Veins harvested from areas of the body
and used to bypass blockages
1st Pause - Post Lub
closing of both the semilunar valves when
the ventricles undergo diastole
Severe chest pain
FATAL
Prevent backflow of blood into the atria
when ventricles contract.
Atropvemtroci;ar (AV) Valves
Obesity
release of platelet factors
Separate the atrial chambers from the
ventricles
Clot Occlusions
Lipids build up INSIDE the walls of the
arteries
Device inserted to force open a channel
Separates the ventricles
Lined by a thin layer of very smooth
tissue (Endocardium)
Hardening of the arteries
High fat/High cholesterol diets
septum between the atrial chambers
Behind the ASL Valve
Blood in those pockets is forced into the branches
during ventricular systole
Posterior interventricular Branch
2 Atria (receiving chamber)
BODY
Little pockets fill during ventricular distole
*Blood passes through capillary beds in
the myocardium & into Cardiac
Veins.
** Cardiac Veins empty into the Coronary
Sinus - Then into the R Atrium
LUNGS
Heart Murmers
Anterior to thorasic vertebrae
Action
Abnormal
Stenosed valves cause swishing sound
Muscular pumping device for distributing
blood to all parts of the body
Posterior to the sternum
Systole - Contraction (beats)
Midline (in line w/ trachea
Atria contracts 1st - Atrial systole
Apex
Forces blood into the ventricles
Triangular point lies on the diaphram
Blood travels from Atria to Ventricles via
Atrioventricular Valves (AV) - OPEN
Ventricular systole
Forces blood out of the heart
AV CLOSED
Semilunar Valves (SL) - blood out of
heart & into arteries
Only happens once ventricles are filled
Diastole - Relaxation
Incompetent
Stenosed
born w/ defect in valve structure that
impacts pumping efficiency
leak
narrowed
allows some backflow
Subtopic 1
Pericardial effusion
Impairs pumping action
may develop into cardiac tamponade
Ventricles Contract
Severe Chest Pain
Atrial Systole
loose fitting sac to allow room for the
heart to beat
Causes friction between layers
Blood Flow Through The Heart
Ventricles Fill
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