Science
10
Science – Grade 10
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Role of Hormones in Reproduction
First Edition, 2020
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Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
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Science
10
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 2
Role of Hormones in
Reproduction
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on Roles of Hormones in
Reproduction!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the Science Self-Learning Module on Roles of Hormones in
Reproduction!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills
that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson
at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts
and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and
application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the
lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
This module is about the role of hormones
reproductive system.
in female and male
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the role of hormones involved in the female and male
reproductive system
2. Develop an awareness and open-mindedness on the issues
concerning the hormones
PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of testes to produce
testosterone?
a. Follicle
stimulating
c. Gonadotropic
releasing
hormone (FSH)
hormone GnRH)
b. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
d. Oxytocin
2. Which is responsible for monitoring the amount of FSH and LH
secreted?
a. hypothalamus
b. ovary
c. pituitary gland d. testes
3. Which hormone stimulates the development of egg cell?
a. FSH
b. LH
c. GnRH
d. inhibin
4. Menstrual cycle in women is regulated by what hormone?
a. Estrogen and FSH
b. FSH and LH
c. Estrogen and progesterone
d. Progesterone and LH
5. After childbirth, the pituitary gland secretes hormone to activates the
mammary glands for milk production. What is this hormone?
a. Estrogen
b. Oxytocin
c. Progesterone
d. Prolactin
RECAP
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/human-family
Look at the above picture of a typical human family. You will do a
simple diagnostic on how well you are aware of the physical and biological
characteristics of a male and female. What are the changes in their bodies
and the things they are capable of doing upon reaching puberty stage and
beyond? Write at least 3 answers per category.
Male
Female
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3
LESSON
In module 1, we already knew that the testes secrete testosterone
while the ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone. Today, let’s launch
deeper to the important role of hormones in the reproductive system of a
male and female.
What is the role of hormones in human reproductive system?
The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the
interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with
hormones from reproductive tissues and organs (testes and ovary). The
hypothalamus monitors the need for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) made and released from anterior pituitary.
The role of hormones in male reproductive system
In male, LH is transported in the blood stream to the testes, where it
stimulates/activates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. Both androgens
and FSH act on receptors within the supporting somatic cells, the Sertoli
cells, to stimulate various functions needed for optimal sperm production.
Spermatogenesis takes place within the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
The number of Sertoli cells determines the ultimate spermatogenic
output of the testes. In humans, Sertoli cells proliferate(increase in number)
during the fetal and early neonatal period and again prior to puberty. At
puberty, Sertoli cells cease proliferation and attain a mature, terminally
differentiated phenotype that is able to support spermatogenesis.
Disturbances to Sertoli cell proliferation during these times can result in
smaller testes with lower sperm production.
The Role of hormones in female reproductive system
In female, FSH stimulates development of egg cell in the follicles of
ovary. LH plays a role in development of egg cell and induction of ovulation,
and stimulation of estradiol and progesterone production by corpus luteum
of ovary. Estradiol, a natural estrogen is responsible for secondary sex
characteristics while both estradiol and progesterone regulates menstrual
cycle.
The anterior pituitary gland also produces Prolactin which stimulates
the mammary glands to produce milk after childbirth. Prolactin levels are
regulated by hypothalamus through prolactin releasing hormone and
prolactin inhibiting hormone. Also the posterior pituitary gland produces
Oxytocin which stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth.
ACTIVITIES
Explore and strengthen your understanding of the topic by answering these
activities
Activity 1- Hormones of Human Reproductive System
Directions:
1. Unscramble the letters below . Write your answer on the space provided.
a. H E R M O O N S
b. R A Y V O
c. S E T T E S
Ans.__________________
Ans.________________
Ans.________________
d. L I N T I Z U I G E N R O O M H E N Ans. ___________________
e. D O L E S I T A R
Ans.________________________
2.Label the structure/endocrine glands of female then write the hormones they
secreted and their function.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/hormonalregulation-of-the-reproductive-system/
Question:
1. In what way can the hypothalamus control and monitor the hormones
of female reproductive system?
Activity 2 – Hormones and Reproductive Health Issues
Direction: Read some of the reproductive issues of male and female then
answer the questions.
Article 1. Hormonal Imbalance in Women
Bloating, fatigue, irritability, hair loss, palpitations, mood swings,
problems with blood sugar, trouble concentrating, infertility -- these are just
a few symptoms of hormone imbalance. These compounds affect every cell
and system in the body. Hormone imbalance can debilitate you. Some
hormonal shifts are normal, like monthly fluctuations of sex hormones
responsible for menstruation and ovulation or the changes that occur
during pregnancy. Menopause is another time for a normal hormonal shift
in a woman's life. Many women may experience weight gain, mood swings,
night sweats, and diminished sex drive during this time. Other times these
fluctuations may be due to a medication or a medical condition.
https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/hormone_imbalance_signs_symptoms
Article 2
Important reproductive health issues in men include:
• Male hypogonadism—effects (symptoms) of low testosterone and
consistently lower than normal levels of testosterone in the blood
• Male infertility—inability to produce sperm adequate for reproduction
• Decreased libido—reduced sexual desire or interest
• Gynecomastia is breast enlargement in boys or men due to a benign
(non-cancerous) increase in breast tissue. This condition results from
an imbalance between the hormones testosterone and estrogen.
• Low Testosterone may cause a man to lose body hair, muscle bulk, and
strength and to gain body fat. Chronic (long-term) low testosterone
may also cause weak bones (osteoporosis), mood changes, less energy,
and smaller testes.
https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/mens-health
Guide Questions:
1. What is hormonal imbalance?
2. What are the symptoms experienced by woman if the hormones are
not balance?
3. What are some of the issues of male in relation to reproductive health
and hormones?
Activity 3 – How Can I Cope?
Technology and advancement in medicine helps alleviate some hormonal
problems. Below is one of the hormonal issues which can be a concern of
women in the family.
Direction: Read carefully and answer the questions.
What is hormone replacement therapy?
https://www.yourhormones.info/topical-issues/what-is-hrt/
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a replacement of female sex
hormones in women. These hormones are called estrogen and progesterone.
Usually every month in a healthy woman of childbearing age hormones are
produced and released from the brain and pituitary gland to encourage one
of her two ovaries to produce an egg (ovum). At the same time estrogen and
progesterone are released from the ovaries, which cause changes that help
to prepare the body for a pregnancy.
If pregnancy does not occur the hormone levels fall and the woman will have
a period. After the menopause or ‘the change’ the ovaries no longer respond
to the hormones from the pituitary gland and shut down. This means a
woman can no longer become pregnant naturally and her periods
stop Treating patients with HRT replaces the hormones no longer being
released from the ovary and some of these symptoms can be helped.
When can hormone replacement therapy be used?
Most women have their menopause between 50-55 years of age. Some
women go into an early menopause before they are 45. In these women HRT
can be used before the age of 50 without increasing their risk of breast
cancer.
What types of therapy are there?
HRT can be given by tablets, patches, creams or gels under advice from a
GP. HRT can take different forms:
•
estrogen only; for women who do not have a uterus (womb)
•
Cyclical combined – which is estrogen and progesterone together and
re-introduces monthly periods
•
Continuous combined – these prevent periods and may either be
estrogen and progesterone combined or Tibolone – a synthetic
medication that has combined effects of estrogen, progesterone
and testosterone.
Women with an intact uterus must take combined HRT, replacing both
estrogen and progesterone, to prevent the lining of the womb thickening and
thus reducing the risk of endometrial cancer of the womb.
If a woman has had a hysterectomy then therapy can be oestrogen only. If
she has already been on a cyclical combined course of therapy and reaches
54 years of age, or has had no periods for 12 months before starting HRT,
she should start continuous combined HRT to prevent regular monthly
bleeds.
For how long can hormone replacement therapy be given and what are the
risks?
The current recommendations are for the lowest dose for the shortest
possible time to control symptoms. Women who do not have symptoms of
menopause should not use HRT. All types of HRT are linked with an
increase in the risk of breast cancer and some therapies increase the risk of
cancer of the uterus.
A 2019 study in over 100,000 women suggests that HRT causes 5% of all
breast cancer case, which is higher than previously thought by experts. The
study showed that 6.3% of women develop breast cancer between the ages of
50-70 years if they do not take and HRT. However, this risk of breast cancer
is 8.3% in women taking HRT containing estrogen and progesterone. In
women taking progesterone only HRT, 7.7.% developed breast cancer.
There are some benefits of HRT including strengthening the bones, which
reduces the risk of osteoporosis and broken bones, but this is only during
the time of taking HRT. HRT also reduces the risk of getting bowel cancer .
Active women may suffer fewer symptoms than inactive women, so regular
exercise may help. Reducing alcohol and caffeine intake may help reduce
hot flushes.
Questions:
1. Are you in favor of hormonal replacement therapy(HRT)?
Answer: __________
2. If
a. Yes, (your explanation)_____________________________________
______________________________________________________________
b. No, (your explanation )______________________________________
WRAP-UP
To get a clear picture of the role of hormones in our reproductive system we
will take a closer look of how the process occurs. Then complete the details
by writing your answer on the space provided.
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00086.2006
Hypothalamus
produce
_______________which
stimulates
___________________ to secrete ___________ and ____________.
During
puberty, These two hormones stimulate the ________ of male to produce
____________ and sperm cells while in female the ____________ produces egg
cells and two hormones such as
______________ and _____________
responsible for secondary sex characteristics and maintaining normal
menstrual cycle.
The
anterior
pituitary
gland
secretes
two
hormones:
_______________during childbirth and ______________ after childbirth.
VALUING
Wow! What a wonderful way of reminding us that even at birth until
now whether you are a male or female there are hormones inside our body
which regulates and maintain a balance even our reproductive health .
Parental guidance , advises from people we respect may play a key a role on
how we will adjust and cope with the challenges specifically on issues about
having a relationship while studying , sexual orientation, sexual abuse and
the like. We have several agencies and organization which offer services
related to these concerns.
POSTTEST
1. Which hormone is responsible for the release of FSH and LH?
a. Estrogen
c. GnRH
b. Progesterone
d. testosterone
2. Which of the following pair is correctly matched?
a. Hypothalamus - FSH
c. Hypothalamus - oxytocin
b. Hypothalamus - GnRH
d. Hypothalamus – Prolactin
3. Which hormone regulates and signals hypothalamus to stop because
of adequate amount of hormone is present in a target gland?
a. FSH
c. Inhibin
b. GnRH
d. Prolactin
4. The secretion of this hormone will stimulate the ovary to start the
development of egg cell and secretion of estrogen. What is this
hormone?
a. Follicle
stimulating
c. Luteinizing hormone(LH)
hormone(FSH)
d. Prolactin
b. Gonadotropic
releasing
hormone (GnRH)
5. The following are signs of hormonal imbalance EXCEPT
a. Mood swings
b. Infertility
c. Hair loss
d. Prostate cancer
KEY TO CORRECTION
For numbers 1- 2
answers may vary
Q1- through
feedback mechanism
Activity 3
GnRH,
pituitary
gland, FSH
and LH,
testes,
testosterone,
ovaries,
estrogen and
progesterone
, oxytocin,
prolactin
Wrap-up
1. Too much or
too little
hormones
2. Bloating,
fatigue,
irritability,
hair loss,
palpitation
etc
3. Hypogonadis
m, infertility,
decreased
libido,
gynecomastia
Activity 2
Ovary – estrogen and
progesterone
Pituitary – FSH and
LH
2. hypothalamus –
GnRh
e. estradiol
d
5.
a
4.
c
3.
b
2.
1.
c
POSTTEST
d
5.
c
4.
d. luteinizing
hormone
b
3.
c. testes
a
2.
b. ovary
b
1.
1 a. hormones
Activity 1
PRETEST
References
Acosta et al 2015 Science –Grade 10 Learner’s Material pages 240-244 Rex Book Store
Inc.
Molnar, C and J. Gair 2015 Concepts of Biology: !st Canadian Edition. Victoria, B>C>:
BCcampus retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/biology/
Wierman, Margaret, Sex Steroids effects at target tissues: mechanism of action, Advances in
Physiology Education Vol 31 no. 1 Jan 1, 2007 (Journal)
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/advan.00086.2006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279031/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/hormonal-regulation-of-thereproductive-system/
https://unsplash.com/s/photos/human-family
https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/hormone_imbalance_signs_symptoms
https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/mens-health
https://www.yourhormones.info/topical-issues/what-is-hrt/