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Cardiovasculary System Vocab and Review - Google Docs

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Human Anatomy & Physiology
The Cardiovascular System
Vocab and Questions for Review
Learning Targets:
11-1: Describe the location of the heart in the body, and identify its major anatomical areas
on an appropriate model or diagram.
11-2: Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.
11-3: Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Cardiovascular
system
Mediastinum
Apex
Base
Pericardium
Fibrous
pericardium
Serous
pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
(epicardium)
Pericarditis
Myocardium
Endocardium
Atria (label and
Label on picture
define)
Ventricles (label
and define)
Interventricular
septum
Label on picture
Interatrial
septum
Label on picture
Superior venae
cavae
Inferior venae
cavae
Pulmonary
trunk
Label on picture
Pulmonary
arteries
Label on picture
Pulmonary
veins
Label on picture
Pulmonary
circulation
Aorta (label
and define)
Systemic
circulation
Questions for Review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. What is the location of the heart in the thorax?
2. Which heart chamber has the thickest walls?
3. What is the functional significance of the heart’s structural differences in wall
thickness?
4. How does the function of the systemic circulation differ from that of the pulmonary
circulation?
Learning Targets:
11-4: Explain the operation of the heart valves.
11-5: Name the functional blood supply of the heart.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Atrioventricular
(AV) valves
Label on picture
Bicuspid
(mitral) valve
Label on picture
Tricuspid valve
Label on picture
Chordae
tendineae
Label on picture
Semilunar
valves
Label on picture
Pulmonary
valve
Label on picture
Aortic
semilunar valve
Label on picture
Endocarditis
Coronary
arteries
Label on picture
Coronary sulcus Label on picture
(atrioventricular
groove)
Anterior
interventricular
artery
Label on picture
Circumflex
artery
Label on picture
Posterior
interventricular
artery
Label on picture
Marginal artery
Label on picture
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Label on picture
Angina pectoris
Infarct
Myocardial
infarction
Questions for Review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Why are the heart valves important?
2. Why might a thrombus in a coronary artery cause sudden death?
Learning Targets:
11-6: Name the elements of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart, and describe the
pathway of impulses through this system
11-7: Explain what information can be gained from an electrocardiogram.
11-8: Define: systole, diastole, stroke volume, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, and murmur.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Intrinsic
conduction
(nodal) system
Sinoatrial (SA)
node
Label on picture
Atrioventricular
(AV) node
Label on picture and define
Atrioventricular
(AV) bundle
Label on picture and define
Bundle
branches
Purkinje fibers
Label on picture
Pacemaker
Heart block
Ischemia
Fibrillation
Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Systole
Diastole
Cardiac cycle
Heart sounds
Heart murmurs
Questions for Review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Look at Figure 11.8: Are the ventricular cardiac cells contracting isometrically or
isotonically during the first part of phase 2?
2. What is the function of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
3. To which heart chambers do the terms systole and diastole usually apply?
4. What cause the lub-dup sounds heard with a stethoscope?
Learning Target:
11-9: Describe the effect of each of the following on heart rate: stimulation by the vagus
nerve, exercise, epinephrine, and various ions.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Cardiac output
(CO)
Heart rate (HR)
Stroke volume
(SV)
Pulmonary
edema
Questions for review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. What does the term cardiac output mean?
2. What would you expect to happen to the heart rate of an individual with a fever?
Why?
3. What is the most important factor affecting stroke volume?
Learning Target:
11-10: Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Vascular system
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillary beds
Definition
Venules
Veins
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Valves (venous)
Microcirculation
Vascular shunt
Terminal arteriole
Postcapillary
venule
Precapillary
sphincter
Varicose veins
Thrombophlebitis
Pulmonary
embolism
Questions for review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Assume you are viewing a blood vessel under the microscope. It has a large, lopsided
lumen, relatively thick tunica externa, and a relatively thin tunica media. Which kind of
blood vessel is this?
2. Arteries lack valves, but veins have them. How is this structural difference related to
blood pressure?
3. How is the structure of capillaries related to their function in the body?
Learning Target:
11-11: Identify the body’s major arteries and veins, and name the body region supplied by
each.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Aorta
Ascending aorta
Label on picture
Aortic arch
Label on picture
Thoracic aorta
Label on picture
Abdominal aorta
Label on picture
Right (R)
coronary artery
Label on picture
Left (L) coronary
artery
Label on picture
Brachiocephalic
trunk
Label on picture
R common
carotid artery
Label on picture
R subclavian
artery
Label on picture
L common
carotid artery
Label on picture
L internal carotid
Label on picture
L external carotid
Label on picture
L subclavian
artery
Label on picture
Vertebral artery
Label on picture
Axillary artery
Label on picture
Brachial artery
Label on picture
Radial artery
Label on picture
Ulnar artery
Label on picture
Celiac trunk
Label on picture
Superior
mesenteric artery
Label on picture
Renal arteries
Label on picture
Gonadal arteries
Label on picture
Inferior
mesenteric artery
Label on picture
Common iliac
arteries
Label on picture
Internal iliac
artery
Label on picture
External iliac
artery
Label on picture
Femoral artery
Label on picture
Deep artery of
the thigh
Label on picture
Popliteal artery
Label on picture
Anterior tibial
Label on picture
artery
Posterior tibial
artery
Label on picture
Dorsalis pedis
artery
Label on picture
Arcuate artery
Label on picture
Superior vena
cava
Label on picture
Inferior vena cava
Label on picture
Radial veins
Label on picture
Ulnar veins
Label on picture
Brachial veins
Label on picture
Axillary vein
Label on picture
Cephalic vein
Label on picture
Basilic vein
Label on picture
Median cubital
vein
Label on picture
Subclavian vein
Label on picture
External jugular
vein
Label on picture
Vertebral vein
Label on picture
Internal jugular
vein
Label on picture
Brachiocephalic
veins (R and L)
Label on picture
Anterior tibial
vein
Label on picture
Posterior tibial
vein
Label on picture
Fibular vein
Label on picture
Popliteal vein
Label on picture
Femoral vein
Label on picture
External iliac vein
Label on picture
Great saphenous
veins
Label on picture
Dorsal venous
arch
Label on picture
Common iliac
vein (R & L)
Label on picture
External iliac vein
Label on picture
Internal iliac vein
Label on picture
R gonadal vein
Label on picture
L gonadal vein
Label on picture
Renal vein
Label on picture
Hepatic portal
vein
Label on picture
Hepatic veins
Label on picture
Questions for review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Look at Figure 11.12: Assume the capillary bed depicted here is in the biceps brachii
muscle of your arm. What condition would the capillary bed be in (a or b) if you were
doing push-ups at the gym?
2. In what parts of the body are the femoral, popliteal, and arcuate arteries found?
3. In what part of the body are the axillary, cephalic, and basilic veins located?
Learning Target:
11-12: Discuss the unique features of the arterial circulation of the brain, fetal circulation,
and hepatic portal circulation.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Internal carotid
artery
Label on picture
Anterior
cerebral artery
Label on picture
Middle cerebral
artery
Label on picture
Vertebral
arteries
Label on picture
Basilar artery
Label on picture
Posterior
cerebral artery
Label on picture
Cerebral arterial Label on picture
circle (circle of
Willis)
Hepatic portal
circulation
Hepatic portal
vein
Label on picture
Inferior
mesenteric vein
Label on picture
Splenic vein
Label on picture
Superior
mesenteric vein
Label on picture
L gastric vein
Label on picture
Umbilical vein
Umbilical artery
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus
arteriosus
Fossa ovalis
Ligamentum
arteriosum
Questions for Review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Which vessel - the hepatic portal vein, hepatic vein, or hepatic artery - has the highest
content of nutrients after a meal?
2. In what two important ways is the pulmonary circulation different from the systemic
circulation?
3. What is the ductus venosus, and what is its function?
Learning Target:
11-13: Define pulse, and name several pulse points.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Pulse
Pressure points
Question for review - Answer this question as you read.
1. Which artery is palpated at each location:
Wrist
Groin
Neck
Learning Targets:
11-14: Define blood pressure, and list factors affecting and/or determining blood pressure.
11-15: Define hypertension and atherosclerosis, and describe possible health
consequences of these conditions.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
Auscultatory
method
Peripheral
resistance
Vasoconstriction
Epinephrine
Hypotension
Orthostatic
hypotension
Circulatory shock
Hypertension
(high blood
pressure)
Primary
(essential)
hypertension
Definition
Questions for Review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. How does blood pressure change throughout the systemic circulatory pathway?
2. What is the effect of hemorrhage on blood pressure? Why?
Learning Target:
11-16: Describe the exchanges that occur across capillary walls.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Definition
Interstitial fluid
(tissue fluid)
Intercellular clefts
Fenestrated
capillaries
Questions for review - Answer these questions as you read.
1. Look at Figure 11.24: Assume there is a bacterial infection in the interstitial fluid. How
would this affect fluid flows across the capillary walls in the area?
2. Would you expect fluid to be entering or leaving the capillaries at the venous end of a
capillary bed?
Learning Targets:
11-17: Briefly describe the development of the cardiovascular system.
11-18: Name the fetal vascular modifications or “fetal shunts,” and describe their function
before birth.
11-19: Describe changes in the cardiovascular system with aging and list several factors
that help maintain cardiovascular health.
Vocabulary - Define the following terms as you read.
Term
Coronary artery
disease
Definition
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