Politicaleconomy of
Gender
GROUP 8
BSEE 1-1
Contents
1. Feminist
approaches
to
Global Political Economy
2. Women,
gender
and
development
3. Neoliberal Globalization
4. Gendered Financialization
Compared
SUMMARY
females
to
the
lower
their
world
levels
male
over
of
counterparts,
typically
pay,
achieve
status,
and
representation
The patterns of gender gaps in wages and
power across countries and across sectors
within
countries
point
to
systematic
and
empirically testable propositions about the
supply
and
demand
of
labor
and
the
bargaining consequences of remuneration.
Time constraints on females, on account of
socially mandated family work, hinder their
advancement
in
premium
availability
on
career investment.
endeavors
that
and
put
a
continuous
1. Feminist approaches to Global Political
Economy
Issues of feminist include how the gendered
division of labor positions men and women differently.
This
included
women
being
more
domestic
and
nurturing to their children and family, but why can
women not participate in larger leadership roles in
society, be a CEO of a company, be a doctor or
leader in the military. This is the objective of feminists
is to create more equality in the world as a whole but
with
labor
in
the
important topic.
work
force
specifically
being
an
Androcentric criteria
- across disciplines, feminist interventions
have typically begun by exposing the omission of actual women
and
their
activities,
while
also
documenting
how
women
and
feminized activities are represented as inferior to male-as-norm
FACTORS
criteria.
An
economic
crisis
happened
which
made
millions
of
people
unemployed and in poverty. (Most of these people were women.)
Women's work is seemed to have been done for love and not
money.
Early feminist studied the GPE (Global Political Economy) which
focused on women in economic development.
Feminist enterprises promoted a neoliberal agenda.
on empowerment and self-esteem issues
This focused
2. Women, gender and development
The processes of colonization and industrialization
were
key
to
constituting
more
rigid,
less
equal
conceptions of how labor should be divided between
sexes, classes and nations. Work was a communal
activity,
and
paid
institutionalized.
and
unpaid
labor
were
not
yet
Women in Africa farmed and
that was exclusively the woman's
Many cultures
had gendered
division of labors.
job to harvest the crops whereas
men it was their job to plow the
fields
Another
example
would
also be that men owned land and
were the head of the household
whereas women owned nothing.
During the mid-twentieth century, western
development expanded and allies were gained.
Women were introduced into the workplace but
severely taken advantage of. Women were then forced to
have a job or career but also still be responsible for all of the
household chores they did before or were forced to work
ridiculous hours. They were responsible to fill the remaining
jobs done by men on the field, which is harder, but still they
got underpaid.
Men had land rights that allowed them to be able to
have cash and credit. Poor immigrants were involved in
the workforce because they were considered as
"cheap" labor. Aids and loans for assistance favored
men.
► This leads to women losing the role of food
production and malnutrition of families.
► Food insecurities allowed women to gain the role of
food production back.
We find that labor market opportunities for women,
which
vary
systematically
with
the
position
of
countries in the international division of labor and with
the
structure
of
the
welfare
state,
affect
women's
bargaining power within the family and as a result,
can explain much of the cross country variation in the
gender division of labor as well as the gender gap in
political preferences.
3.Neoliberal Globalization
Neoliberal globalization operates
patterns
around
in
when
developing
the
economies
Cold
War
to produce
approximately
ended.
Neoliberal
capitalism is liberalization that ensures a free market
economy
by
removing
barriers
and
governmental
interference in and impediments to the free flow of
goods and services.
EFFECTS OF
NEOLIBERAL
Because
of
these,
unemployment
welfare
medical
women
grow
support
support
guaranteed.
are
A simple way to put all of this is
the poor get poorer and the rich
get
richer
neoliberalism.
The
people that get hurt the most are
the
women
and
where
and
high
not
in
in
the
middle
unemployment
and
workforce
benefits
are
not
class
rates
are
of
the
always
guaranteed, such as healthcare.
4. Gendered financialization
Neoliberal policies affect the value of work and how one is paid
to do their work. By deregulating and eliminating barriers it is
allowing for more and more expansion. Women are not part of
financial
decision-making
process
or
assessments
of
financial
order.
Also, they have very little representation in global finance
institutions. Secure jobs were lost, work hours were longer,
decrease
of
education,
health
conditions
violence against women Increased.
increased,
and
benefits of putting gender into political economy
analysis includes a more holistic diagnosis of poverty and
The
inequality, the ability to identify different pathways and agents
of social and political change, and a higher likelihood that
interventions
will
not
systematically
exclude
disadvantaged groups.
reinforce
and
harm
power
women,
relations
girls
and
that
other
REFERENCES
A.S. Runyan, V. P. (2012). Global Gender Issues in the new Millenium. New
York: Routledge.
K. Bedford, S. R. (2013, March 30). Feminists Theorize International Political
Economy.
Peterson, V. (2005). How (the Meaningof) Gender Matters. New Political
Economy, 4-10.
8- Political Economy of
Gender
Castillo, John Mel
Combate, Carlo Gabriel
Gonzales, Hanz
Landayan, Warren
Javier, Nickson
Maigue, John Phil
Vispo, Philip Nathaniel